Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Capsaicin Shows Species and Strain-specific Activity: Investigation of the Antibacterial Effects on the Oral Pathogen Streptococcus mutans and the Oral Probiotics Streptococcus salivarius M18 and K12

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 52 Sayı: 1, 11 - 19, 04.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1337284

Öz

Extensive research has investigated capsaicin (CAP), the primary bioactive compound in chili peppers, to explore its diverse pharmacological and physiological properties. Recently, the focus has shifted to understanding the potential effects of CAP on gut microbiota due to the strong link between gut bacterial profile and diet. However, there has been no research on the effects of CAP on oral microbiota. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the antibacterial effects of CAP on two oral probiotics, Streptococcus salivarius M18, and S. salivarius K12, along with the oral pathogen S. mutans. Previously, the anti-cancer activity of CAP had been demonstrated, and in accordance with these findings, here, we show its growth inhibitory activity on colorectal cancer cell lines. However, this study is the first to examine the impact of CAP on specific oral microorganisms while considering the oral consumption of CAP and the interconnectedness of the oral and gut microbiomes. The findings revealed that CAP exhibited antibacterial properties against the M18 strain at concentrations exceeding 100 µg/mL. Surprisingly, it did not show any growth-inhibitory effects on S. salivarius K12, even at a concentration of 2 mg/mL. Similarly, CAP did not inhibit the growth of S. mutans, a significant factor in dental caries. These results suggest that CAP's effects are species and strain-specific, indicating potential changes in the oral microbiota upon CAP consumption.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

1919B012114445

Teşekkür

This project is partially supported by the TÜBİTAK 2209-A University Students Research Projects Support Program (Project number: 1919B012114445) to undergraduate student KD under the supervision of ST. The authors thank the Molecular Biology and Genetics Department and Biotechnology Application and Research Center of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, for the laboratory facilities and Dr. Sreeparna Banerjee (Middle East Technical University) for the CRC cell lines and Dr. Rafig Gurbanov (Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University) for sharing the bacterial strains.

Kaynakça

  • S. Füchtbauer, S. Mousavi, S. Bereswill, M.M. Heimesaat, Antibacterial properties of capsaicin and its derivatives and their potential to fight antibiotic resistance – A literature survey, Eur. J. Microbiol. Immunol., 11 (2021) 10-17.
  • A. Garcés-Claver, M.S. Arnedo-Andrés, J. Abadía, R. Gil-Ortega, A. Álvarez-Fernández, Determination of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin in Capsicum Fruits by Liquid Chromatography−Electrospray/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 54 (2006) 9303-11.
  • M. Ilie, C. Caruntu, M. Tampa, S-R Georgescu, C. Matei, C. Negrei, R-M Ion, C. Constantin, M. Neagu, D. Boda, Capsaicin: Physicochemical properties, cutaneous reactions and potential applications in painful and inflammatory conditions (Review), Exp. Ther. Med., 18 (2019) 916-925.
  • M. Lu, C. Chen, Y. Lan, J. Xiao, R. Li, J. Huang, Q. Huang, Y. Cao, C.T. Ho, Capsaicin—the major bioactive ingredient of chili peppers: bio-efficacy and delivery systems, Food Funct., 1 (2020) 2848-60.
  • T.L. Adetunji, F. Olawale, C. Olisah, A.E. Adetunji, A.O. Aremu, Capsaicin: A Two-Decade Systematic Review of Global Research Output and Recent Advances Against Human Cancer, Front. Oncol., 12 (2022) 1-23.
  • W.D. Rollyson, C.A. Stover, K.C. Brown, H.E. Perry, C.D. Stevenson, C.A. McNees, J.G. Ball, M.A. Valentovic, P. Dasgupta, Bioavailability of capsaicin and its implications for drug delivery, J. Control Release, 196 (2014) 96-105.
  • A.E. Rosca, M.I. Iesanu, C.D.M. Zahiu, S.E. Voiculescu, A.C. Paslaru, A.M. Zagrean, Capsaicin and Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease, Molecules, 25 (2020) 5681.
  • J. Xia, L. Gu, Y. Guo, H. Feng, S. Chen, J. Jurat, W. Fu, D. Zhang, Gut Microbiota Mediates the Preventive Effects of Dietary Capsaicin Against Depression-Like Behavior Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice, Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 11 (2021) 1-13.
  • F. Wang, X. Huang, Y. Chen, D. Zhang, D. Chen, L. Chen, J. Lin, Study on the Effect of Capsaicin on the Intestinal Flora through High-Throughput Sequencing, ACS Omega, 5 (2020) 1246-53.
  • Q.Y. Lu, P.H. Summanen, R.P. Lee, J. Huang, S.M. Henning, D. Heber, S.M. Finegold, Z. Li, Prebiotic Potential and Chemical Composition of Seven Culinary Spice Extracts, J. Food Sci., 82 (2017) 1807-1813.
  • J. Sutherland, M. Miles, D. Hedderley, J. Li, S. Devoy, K. Sutton, D. Lauren, In vitro effects of food extracts on selected probiotic and pathogenic bacteria, Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 60 (2009) 717-27.
  • W. Panpetch, P. Visitchanakun, W. Saisorn, A. Sawatpanich, P. Chatthanathon, N. Somboonna, S. Tumwasorn, A. Leelahavanichkul, Lactobacillus rhamnosus attenuates Thai chili extracts induced gut inflammation and dysbiosis despite capsaicin bactericidal effect against the probiotics, a possible toxicity of high dose capsaicin, PLoS One, 6 (2021) e0261189.
  • Q. Xiang, X. Tang, S. Cui, Q. Zhang, X. Liu, J. Zhao, B. Mao, W. Chen, Capsaicin, the Spicy Ingredient of chili peppers: effects on gastrointestinal tract and composition of gut microbiota at various dosages, Foods, 11 (2022) 686-700.
  • B. Khor, M. Snow, E. Herrman, N. Ray, K. Mansukhani, K.A. Patel, N. Said‐al‐naief, T. Maier, C.A. Machida, Interconnections between the oral and gut microbiomes: Reversal of microbial dysbiosis and the balance between systemic health and disease. Microorganisms, 9 (2021) 496-517.
  • S. Karaçam, S. Tunçer, Lyophilized cell-free supernatants of the oral probiotics Streptococcus salivarius M18 and Streptococcus salivarius K12 show promises for milk safety, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 76 (2023) 1-10.
  • J.A. Lemos, S.R. Palmer, L. Zeng, Z.T. Wen, J.K. Kajfasz, I.A. Freires, J. Abranches, L.J. Brady, The Biology of Streptococcus mutans, Microbiol. Spectr., 7 (2019) 1-26.
  • S. Tunçer, M. Çolakoğlu, S. Ulusan, G. Ertaş, Ç. Karasu, S. Banerjee, Evaluation of colloidal platinum on cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and barrier permeability across the gut epithelium, Heliyon, 5 (2019) e01336.
  • S. Karaçam, S. Tunçer, Exploiting the Acidic Extracellular pH: Evaluation of Streptococcus salivarius M18 Postbiotics to Target Cancer Cells, Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins, 14 (2022) 995-1011.
  • Y. Wang, S.M. Lee, G.A. Dykes, Growth in the presence of sucrose may decrease attachment of some oral bacteria to abiotic surfaces, Ann Microbiol. 65 (2015) 1159-63.
  • S. Tunçer, S. Karaçam, Cell-free supernatant of Streptococcus salivarius M18 impairs the pathogenic properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia, Arch. Microbiol., 202 (2020) 2825-2840.
  • S.H. Lee, R.L. Richardson, R.H. Dashwood, S.J. Baek, Capsaicin represses transcriptional activity of β-catenin in human colorectal cancer cells, J. Nutr. Biochem., 23 (2012) 646-55.
  • S. Zhang, D. Wang, J. Huang, Y. Hu, Y. Xu, Application of capsaicin as a potential new therapeutic drug in human cancers, J. Clin. Pharm. Ther., 45 (2020) 16-28.
  • Y.M. Kim, J.T. Hwang, D.W. Kwak, Y.K. Lee, O.J. Park, Involvement of AMPK signaling cascade in capsaicin-induced apoptosis of HT-29 colon cancer cells, Ann. N Y Acad. Sci., 1095 (2007) 496-503.
  • J.T. Arnold, S.B. Stewart, L. Sammut, Oral Capsaicin Ingestion: A Brief update-dose, tolerance and side effects, Res. Rev. J. Herb. Sci., 5 (2017) 1-5.
  • A.G. Nelson, E. Glickman-Weiss, R. Day, The effect of capsaicin on the thermal and metabolic responses of men exposed to 38°C for 120 minutes, Wilderness Environ. Med., 11 (2000) 152-156.
  • M.N. Opheim, J.W. Rankin, Effect of capsaicin supplementation on repeated sprinting performance, J. Strength Cond. Res., 26 (2012) 319-326.
  • J.A. Haq, M. Altaf, S. Najeeb, Human Saliva and Its Role in Oral & Systemic Health Human Saliva and Its Role in Oral & Systemic Health, J. Pak Dent. Assoc., 25 (2016) 170-174.
  • B.O. Oyedemi, E.M. Kotsia, P.D. Stapleton, S. Gibbons, Capsaicin and gingerol analogues inhibit the growth of efflux-multidrug resistant bacteria and R-plasmids conjugal transfer, J. Ethnopharmacol., 245 (2019) 111871.
  • J. Molina-Torres, A. Garcı́a-Chávez, E. Ramı́rez-Chávez, Antimicrobial properties of alkamides present in flavouring plants traditionally used in Mesoamerica: affinin and capsaicin, J. Ethnopharmacol., 64 (1999) 241-248.
  • M.L.C. Rivera, N.M.A. Hassimotto, V. Bueris, M.P. Sircili, F.A. Almeida, U.M. Pinto, Effect of capsicum frutescens extract, capsaicin, and luteolin on quorum sensing regulated phenotypes, J. Food Sci., 84 (2019) 1477-1486.
  • Y. Zhou, X. Guan, W. Zhu, Z. Liu, X. Wang, H. Yu, H. Wang, Capsaicin inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis growth, biofilm formation, gingivomucosal inflammatory cytokine secretion, and in vitro osteoclastogenesis, Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 33 (2014) 211-219.
  • M.M.P. Santos, O. Vieira-da-Motta, I.J.C. Vieira, R. Braz-Filho, P.S. Gonçalves, E.J. Maria, W.S. Terra, R. Rodrigues, C.L.M. Souza, Antibacterial activity of Capsicum annuum extract and synthetic capsaicinoid derivatives against Streptococcus mutans, J. Nat. Med., 66 (2012) 354-356.
  • J. Flesar, J. Havlik, P. Kloucek, V. Rada, D. Titera, M. Bednar, M. Stropnicky, L. Kokoska, In vitro growth-inhibitory effect of plant-derived extracts and compounds against Paenibacillus larvae and their acute oral toxicity to adult honey bees, Vet. Microbiol., 145 (2010) 129-133.
  • A. Demirtaş, Determination the effects of capsaicin on the growth of pure cultures of rumen bacteria, Int VETEXPO-2019 Vet. Sci. Congr., (2019) 96–99.
  • J. Chu, T. Zhang, K. He, Cariogenicity features of Streptococcus mutans in presence of rubusoside, BMC Oral Health., 16 (2016) 54.
  • T.A. Stowik, Contribution of probiotics Streptococcus salivarius strains K12 and M18 to Oral Health in Humans: A Review, Honor Sch. Theses., 488 (2016) 1-27.
  • M. Matsumoto-Nakano, Role of Streptococcus mutans surface proteins for biofilm formation, Jpn. Dent. Sci. Rev., 54 (2018) 22-29.
  • J.P. Burton, B.K. Drummond, C.N. Chilcott, J.R. Tagg, W.M. Thomson, J.D.F Hale, P.A. Wescombe. Influence of the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius strain M18 on indices of dental health in children: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, J. Med. Microbiol., 62 (2013) 875-884.

Kapsaisinin Oral Patojen Streptococcus mutans ve Oral Probiyotikler Streptococcus salivarius M18 ve K12 Üzerindeki Antibakteriyel Etkilerin Araştırılması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 52 Sayı: 1, 11 - 19, 04.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1337284

Öz

Acı biberin ana aktif maddesi olan Kapsaisin (CAP), bugüne kadar çoklu farmakolojik ve fizyolojik özellikleri açısından araştırılmıştır. Bağırsak bakteri profilinin beslenme ile güçlü bir ilişkisi olduğundan, CAP'in bağırsak mikrobiyotası üzerinde etkileri giderek daha fazla ilgi çekmektedir. CAP’in anti-kanser etkileri daha once çalışılmış olup, bu makalede de önceki verilerle uyumlu olarak CAP’in kolorektal kanser hücrelerinde büyüme inhibe edici etkisi olduğu gösterilmektedir. Öte yandan, CAP'in ağız mikrobiyotası üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyen mevcut herhangi bir araştırma bulunmamaktadır. CAP'in oral tüketimi ve oral ve bağırsak mikrobiyomları arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşim göz önüne alınarak, burada, literatürde ilk kez olarak CAP’inin, iki oral probiyotik olan Streptococcus salivarius M18 ve S. salivarius K12 ve oral patojen S. mutans üzerindeki antibakteriyel etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Sonuçlar, CAP'in M18 suşu üzerinde antibakteriyel etkiye sahip olmasına rağmen (konsantrasyon 100 µg/mL'den yüksek), 2 mg/mL olarak uygulandığında dahi S. salivarius K12 üzerinde herhangi bir büyüme inhibe edici etki göstermediğini ortaya koymuştur. Benzer şekilde CAP muamelesi, diş çürüklerinde önemli bir etiyolojik faktör olan S. mutans'ın büyümesini de engellememiştir. Bu veriler, CAP'in tür ve suşa özgü aktivite gösterdiğini ortaya koymakta olup, ayrıca CAP tüketimi sonucu ağız mikrobiyotasında olası değişikliklere dikkat çekmektedir.

Proje Numarası

1919B012114445

Kaynakça

  • S. Füchtbauer, S. Mousavi, S. Bereswill, M.M. Heimesaat, Antibacterial properties of capsaicin and its derivatives and their potential to fight antibiotic resistance – A literature survey, Eur. J. Microbiol. Immunol., 11 (2021) 10-17.
  • A. Garcés-Claver, M.S. Arnedo-Andrés, J. Abadía, R. Gil-Ortega, A. Álvarez-Fernández, Determination of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin in Capsicum Fruits by Liquid Chromatography−Electrospray/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 54 (2006) 9303-11.
  • M. Ilie, C. Caruntu, M. Tampa, S-R Georgescu, C. Matei, C. Negrei, R-M Ion, C. Constantin, M. Neagu, D. Boda, Capsaicin: Physicochemical properties, cutaneous reactions and potential applications in painful and inflammatory conditions (Review), Exp. Ther. Med., 18 (2019) 916-925.
  • M. Lu, C. Chen, Y. Lan, J. Xiao, R. Li, J. Huang, Q. Huang, Y. Cao, C.T. Ho, Capsaicin—the major bioactive ingredient of chili peppers: bio-efficacy and delivery systems, Food Funct., 1 (2020) 2848-60.
  • T.L. Adetunji, F. Olawale, C. Olisah, A.E. Adetunji, A.O. Aremu, Capsaicin: A Two-Decade Systematic Review of Global Research Output and Recent Advances Against Human Cancer, Front. Oncol., 12 (2022) 1-23.
  • W.D. Rollyson, C.A. Stover, K.C. Brown, H.E. Perry, C.D. Stevenson, C.A. McNees, J.G. Ball, M.A. Valentovic, P. Dasgupta, Bioavailability of capsaicin and its implications for drug delivery, J. Control Release, 196 (2014) 96-105.
  • A.E. Rosca, M.I. Iesanu, C.D.M. Zahiu, S.E. Voiculescu, A.C. Paslaru, A.M. Zagrean, Capsaicin and Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease, Molecules, 25 (2020) 5681.
  • J. Xia, L. Gu, Y. Guo, H. Feng, S. Chen, J. Jurat, W. Fu, D. Zhang, Gut Microbiota Mediates the Preventive Effects of Dietary Capsaicin Against Depression-Like Behavior Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice, Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 11 (2021) 1-13.
  • F. Wang, X. Huang, Y. Chen, D. Zhang, D. Chen, L. Chen, J. Lin, Study on the Effect of Capsaicin on the Intestinal Flora through High-Throughput Sequencing, ACS Omega, 5 (2020) 1246-53.
  • Q.Y. Lu, P.H. Summanen, R.P. Lee, J. Huang, S.M. Henning, D. Heber, S.M. Finegold, Z. Li, Prebiotic Potential and Chemical Composition of Seven Culinary Spice Extracts, J. Food Sci., 82 (2017) 1807-1813.
  • J. Sutherland, M. Miles, D. Hedderley, J. Li, S. Devoy, K. Sutton, D. Lauren, In vitro effects of food extracts on selected probiotic and pathogenic bacteria, Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 60 (2009) 717-27.
  • W. Panpetch, P. Visitchanakun, W. Saisorn, A. Sawatpanich, P. Chatthanathon, N. Somboonna, S. Tumwasorn, A. Leelahavanichkul, Lactobacillus rhamnosus attenuates Thai chili extracts induced gut inflammation and dysbiosis despite capsaicin bactericidal effect against the probiotics, a possible toxicity of high dose capsaicin, PLoS One, 6 (2021) e0261189.
  • Q. Xiang, X. Tang, S. Cui, Q. Zhang, X. Liu, J. Zhao, B. Mao, W. Chen, Capsaicin, the Spicy Ingredient of chili peppers: effects on gastrointestinal tract and composition of gut microbiota at various dosages, Foods, 11 (2022) 686-700.
  • B. Khor, M. Snow, E. Herrman, N. Ray, K. Mansukhani, K.A. Patel, N. Said‐al‐naief, T. Maier, C.A. Machida, Interconnections between the oral and gut microbiomes: Reversal of microbial dysbiosis and the balance between systemic health and disease. Microorganisms, 9 (2021) 496-517.
  • S. Karaçam, S. Tunçer, Lyophilized cell-free supernatants of the oral probiotics Streptococcus salivarius M18 and Streptococcus salivarius K12 show promises for milk safety, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 76 (2023) 1-10.
  • J.A. Lemos, S.R. Palmer, L. Zeng, Z.T. Wen, J.K. Kajfasz, I.A. Freires, J. Abranches, L.J. Brady, The Biology of Streptococcus mutans, Microbiol. Spectr., 7 (2019) 1-26.
  • S. Tunçer, M. Çolakoğlu, S. Ulusan, G. Ertaş, Ç. Karasu, S. Banerjee, Evaluation of colloidal platinum on cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and barrier permeability across the gut epithelium, Heliyon, 5 (2019) e01336.
  • S. Karaçam, S. Tunçer, Exploiting the Acidic Extracellular pH: Evaluation of Streptococcus salivarius M18 Postbiotics to Target Cancer Cells, Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins, 14 (2022) 995-1011.
  • Y. Wang, S.M. Lee, G.A. Dykes, Growth in the presence of sucrose may decrease attachment of some oral bacteria to abiotic surfaces, Ann Microbiol. 65 (2015) 1159-63.
  • S. Tunçer, S. Karaçam, Cell-free supernatant of Streptococcus salivarius M18 impairs the pathogenic properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia, Arch. Microbiol., 202 (2020) 2825-2840.
  • S.H. Lee, R.L. Richardson, R.H. Dashwood, S.J. Baek, Capsaicin represses transcriptional activity of β-catenin in human colorectal cancer cells, J. Nutr. Biochem., 23 (2012) 646-55.
  • S. Zhang, D. Wang, J. Huang, Y. Hu, Y. Xu, Application of capsaicin as a potential new therapeutic drug in human cancers, J. Clin. Pharm. Ther., 45 (2020) 16-28.
  • Y.M. Kim, J.T. Hwang, D.W. Kwak, Y.K. Lee, O.J. Park, Involvement of AMPK signaling cascade in capsaicin-induced apoptosis of HT-29 colon cancer cells, Ann. N Y Acad. Sci., 1095 (2007) 496-503.
  • J.T. Arnold, S.B. Stewart, L. Sammut, Oral Capsaicin Ingestion: A Brief update-dose, tolerance and side effects, Res. Rev. J. Herb. Sci., 5 (2017) 1-5.
  • A.G. Nelson, E. Glickman-Weiss, R. Day, The effect of capsaicin on the thermal and metabolic responses of men exposed to 38°C for 120 minutes, Wilderness Environ. Med., 11 (2000) 152-156.
  • M.N. Opheim, J.W. Rankin, Effect of capsaicin supplementation on repeated sprinting performance, J. Strength Cond. Res., 26 (2012) 319-326.
  • J.A. Haq, M. Altaf, S. Najeeb, Human Saliva and Its Role in Oral & Systemic Health Human Saliva and Its Role in Oral & Systemic Health, J. Pak Dent. Assoc., 25 (2016) 170-174.
  • B.O. Oyedemi, E.M. Kotsia, P.D. Stapleton, S. Gibbons, Capsaicin and gingerol analogues inhibit the growth of efflux-multidrug resistant bacteria and R-plasmids conjugal transfer, J. Ethnopharmacol., 245 (2019) 111871.
  • J. Molina-Torres, A. Garcı́a-Chávez, E. Ramı́rez-Chávez, Antimicrobial properties of alkamides present in flavouring plants traditionally used in Mesoamerica: affinin and capsaicin, J. Ethnopharmacol., 64 (1999) 241-248.
  • M.L.C. Rivera, N.M.A. Hassimotto, V. Bueris, M.P. Sircili, F.A. Almeida, U.M. Pinto, Effect of capsicum frutescens extract, capsaicin, and luteolin on quorum sensing regulated phenotypes, J. Food Sci., 84 (2019) 1477-1486.
  • Y. Zhou, X. Guan, W. Zhu, Z. Liu, X. Wang, H. Yu, H. Wang, Capsaicin inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis growth, biofilm formation, gingivomucosal inflammatory cytokine secretion, and in vitro osteoclastogenesis, Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 33 (2014) 211-219.
  • M.M.P. Santos, O. Vieira-da-Motta, I.J.C. Vieira, R. Braz-Filho, P.S. Gonçalves, E.J. Maria, W.S. Terra, R. Rodrigues, C.L.M. Souza, Antibacterial activity of Capsicum annuum extract and synthetic capsaicinoid derivatives against Streptococcus mutans, J. Nat. Med., 66 (2012) 354-356.
  • J. Flesar, J. Havlik, P. Kloucek, V. Rada, D. Titera, M. Bednar, M. Stropnicky, L. Kokoska, In vitro growth-inhibitory effect of plant-derived extracts and compounds against Paenibacillus larvae and their acute oral toxicity to adult honey bees, Vet. Microbiol., 145 (2010) 129-133.
  • A. Demirtaş, Determination the effects of capsaicin on the growth of pure cultures of rumen bacteria, Int VETEXPO-2019 Vet. Sci. Congr., (2019) 96–99.
  • J. Chu, T. Zhang, K. He, Cariogenicity features of Streptococcus mutans in presence of rubusoside, BMC Oral Health., 16 (2016) 54.
  • T.A. Stowik, Contribution of probiotics Streptococcus salivarius strains K12 and M18 to Oral Health in Humans: A Review, Honor Sch. Theses., 488 (2016) 1-27.
  • M. Matsumoto-Nakano, Role of Streptococcus mutans surface proteins for biofilm formation, Jpn. Dent. Sci. Rev., 54 (2018) 22-29.
  • J.P. Burton, B.K. Drummond, C.N. Chilcott, J.R. Tagg, W.M. Thomson, J.D.F Hale, P.A. Wescombe. Influence of the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius strain M18 on indices of dental health in children: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, J. Med. Microbiol., 62 (2013) 875-884.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Biyokimya ve Hücre Biyolojisi (Diğer)
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Kader Doğan 0009-0006-2728-1094

Sinem Tunçer 0000-0002-8947-8646

Proje Numarası 1919B012114445
Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 25 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 52 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Doğan, K., & Tunçer, S. (2024). Capsaicin Shows Species and Strain-specific Activity: Investigation of the Antibacterial Effects on the Oral Pathogen Streptococcus mutans and the Oral Probiotics Streptococcus salivarius M18 and K12. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 52(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1337284
AMA Doğan K, Tunçer S. Capsaicin Shows Species and Strain-specific Activity: Investigation of the Antibacterial Effects on the Oral Pathogen Streptococcus mutans and the Oral Probiotics Streptococcus salivarius M18 and K12. HJBC. Ocak 2024;52(1):11-19. doi:10.15671/hjbc.1337284
Chicago Doğan, Kader, ve Sinem Tunçer. “Capsaicin Shows Species and Strain-Specific Activity: Investigation of the Antibacterial Effects on the Oral Pathogen Streptococcus Mutans and the Oral Probiotics Streptococcus Salivarius M18 and K12”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 52, sy. 1 (Ocak 2024): 11-19. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1337284.
EndNote Doğan K, Tunçer S (01 Ocak 2024) Capsaicin Shows Species and Strain-specific Activity: Investigation of the Antibacterial Effects on the Oral Pathogen Streptococcus mutans and the Oral Probiotics Streptococcus salivarius M18 and K12. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 52 1 11–19.
IEEE K. Doğan ve S. Tunçer, “Capsaicin Shows Species and Strain-specific Activity: Investigation of the Antibacterial Effects on the Oral Pathogen Streptococcus mutans and the Oral Probiotics Streptococcus salivarius M18 and K12”, HJBC, c. 52, sy. 1, ss. 11–19, 2024, doi: 10.15671/hjbc.1337284.
ISNAD Doğan, Kader - Tunçer, Sinem. “Capsaicin Shows Species and Strain-Specific Activity: Investigation of the Antibacterial Effects on the Oral Pathogen Streptococcus Mutans and the Oral Probiotics Streptococcus Salivarius M18 and K12”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 52/1 (Ocak 2024), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1337284.
JAMA Doğan K, Tunçer S. Capsaicin Shows Species and Strain-specific Activity: Investigation of the Antibacterial Effects on the Oral Pathogen Streptococcus mutans and the Oral Probiotics Streptococcus salivarius M18 and K12. HJBC. 2024;52:11–19.
MLA Doğan, Kader ve Sinem Tunçer. “Capsaicin Shows Species and Strain-Specific Activity: Investigation of the Antibacterial Effects on the Oral Pathogen Streptococcus Mutans and the Oral Probiotics Streptococcus Salivarius M18 and K12”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, c. 52, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 11-19, doi:10.15671/hjbc.1337284.
Vancouver Doğan K, Tunçer S. Capsaicin Shows Species and Strain-specific Activity: Investigation of the Antibacterial Effects on the Oral Pathogen Streptococcus mutans and the Oral Probiotics Streptococcus salivarius M18 and K12. HJBC. 2024;52(1):11-9.

HACETTEPE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND CHEMİSTRY

Copyright © Hacettepe University Faculty of Science

http://www.hjbc.hacettepe.edu.tr/

https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/hjbc