Tıpta Yeni Sistematik Bakış Açıları; Helal Yaşam Tıbbı, Fonksiyonel Tıp, Holistik Tıp, Yaşam Tarzı Tıbbı

Öz

Amaç Derlememizde, tıptaki yeni sistematik bakış açıları ve hasta tedavilerine bütüncül yaklaşımlar ele alınacaktır. Materyal metot Makalemizde; tıpta son yıllarda popüler olan ve bilimsel olarak kendisine literatürlerde yer edinmiş, orijinal muhtevası bulunan, yeni yaklaşımlar irdelenecektir. Bu bağlamda; Helal Yaşam Tıbbı/Halal Life Medicine (HYT/HLM), Fonksiyonel Tıp (FT), Holistik Tıp (HT) ve Yaşam Tarzı Tıbbı (YTT) incelenecektir. Bulgular HLM, ilk olarak Dr. H. Yazar tarafından 2018 yılında tanımlanmıştır. Bu tanımlamayı diğerlerinden ayıran en önemli fark, sağlık kavramına getirdiği yeni yaklaşımdır. HLM, sağlığı; “hem bu dünyada, hem de ahirette tam iyilik halinde olmak” şeklinde ifade etmektedir. HLM’nin literatürde ilk olarak kullandığı bir başka ifade ise, “fıtrata uygun sirkadiyen ritim” kavramıdır. FT; “tıp eğitiminde öğretilen bilgilerin, okullarda okutulmayan bir yaklaşım ile kronik hastalıklara uygulanması” şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Yine FT için; “dayandığı bilgi ansiklopedisi klasik tıp ile ortak olmakla birlikte, düşünce sistemi, klinik yaklaşımı, bakış açısı, paradigma A’dan Z’ye farklıdır” ifadelerine yer verilmiştir. HT; insan sağlığına ve hastalık tedavisine daha uygun yeni bir tıbbi sistem oluşturmaya vurgu yaparken, insan vücudunu bütüncül bir varlık olarak gören bütünleştirici tıp (HIM, Holistic Integrative Medicine) şeklinde kendisini tanımlamaktadır. HT klinik uygulamalarına, özellikle birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri şeklinde Ağustos 2014'te Avustralya da başlamıştır. Bunun için yeni bir hekim tanımlaması yapılmış ve kronik hastalığı olan hastaların tedavi takipleri başarılı bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir (The Royal Flying Doctor Service, RFDS). YTT (The American College of Lifestyle Medicine, ACLM); bu kuruluş 2004 yılında faaliyetlerine başlamıştır. ACLM’ye göre, ABD’de sağlık harcamalarının %80 den fazlası önlenebilir kronik hastalıklara gitmektedir. Kronik hastalıklardan kurtulmanın temelinde ise, yaşam tarzı değişikliği yatmaktadır. ACLM; bitki bazlı beslenme, düzenli fiziksel aktivite, yeterli uyku, stres yönetimi, riskli maddelerin kullanımından kaçınma ve diğer ilaç dışı yöntemleri izleme gibi, kanıta dayalı terapötik yaklaşımların kullanılmasını önerir. Sonuç Günümüzde tıpta, hastalara bütüncül yaklaşımlara giden bir süreç yaşanmaktadır. Bunlar arasında HLM, literatüre kazandırdığı yeni tanımlamalar ile dikkat çekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• helal yaşam tıbbı
• fonksiyonel tıp
• holistik tıp
• yaşam tarzı tıbbı

Systematic perspectives in medicine; Halal Life Medicine, Functional Medicine, Holistic Medicine, Lifestyle Medicine

Öz

Aim: In this compilation, new systematic perspectives in medicine and holistic approaches to patients’ treatments are to be evaluated. Material and Method: In this paper, new popular approaches that are scientifically approved by many in the literature and also have brand-new content are to be investigated. In this context; Halal Life Medicine (HLM), Functional Medicine (FM), Holistic Medicine (HM) and Lifestyle Medicine (LM) are to be examined. Results: HLM, firstly defined by Dr. Yazar H in 2018. The most important difference that distinguishes HLM from others is its new approach to the concept of health. HLM defines the health as “Complete well-being in this world and in the hereafter”. Another expression that HLM used for the first time in
the literature is “circadian rhythm in accordance with the ‘fitrat’ (inherent nature of a thing or person)”. FM; application of the medical knowledge to the chronic disease that are taught in medical schools with an approach that is not taught in medical schools. Although the information on which it is based has a lot in common with the modern medicine, the thinking system, clinical approach, perspective and the paradigm are different from A to Z. HM; To focus on building a new system that is more suitable for human health and treatment of diseases, it is defined as integrative medicine (HIM, Holistic Integrative Medicine) with a holistic view of the human body. Holistic combinatorial medicine began its clinical practice in Australia in August 2014, particularly in primary health care. For this purpose, a new definition of ‘physician’ was made and treatment follow-up of patients with chronic disease was successfully performed. (The Royal Flying Doctor Service, RFDS.) LM (American College of Lifestyle, ACLM); This college started its activities in 2004. According to ACLM, more than 80% of the health expenditure in the United States is distributed for preventable chronic illnesses. The basis of the recovery from chronic diseases are seen as lifestyle changes by ACLM. (i.e. Healthy nutrition, regular physical activity, adequate sleep, stress management, avoidance of risky use of drugs) Conclusion: Today, in medicine, a process is increasing with a holistic approach to patients. Among these, HLM draws attention with the new definitions it has brought to the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• halal life medicine
• functional medicine
• holistic medicine
• lifestyle medicine

Kaynakça

1. Yazar H. Halal Life Medicine. 5th International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Güncel Akademik Çalışmalar. Current Academic Studies In Health Sciences. Ayhan G. Ed. (ISMS) (16-17 November 2018, Ankara), ISBN 978-9940-540-53-1. 1th ed. Ankara, Turkey, Cetinje IVPE; 2018:413-415.
2. Halal Life Medicine & Helal Yaşam Tıbbı 2018. https://halallifemedicine.org/helal-yasam-tibbihalal-life-medicine-nedir/ Accessed March 4, 2018.
3. Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu 2018. http://online.turkpatent.gov.tr/trademarksearch/pub/#trademark_result Accessed November 30, 2018.
4. Bircher J. Towards a dynamic definition of health and disease. Med Health Care Philos. 2005;8(3):335-41.
5. Charlier P, Coppens Y, Malaurie J, et. al. A new definition of health? An open letter of autochthonous peoples and medical anthropologists to the WHO. Eur J Intern Med. 2017 Jan;37:33-37. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.06.027.
6. Hum J, Rietveld T, Wiedijk P, van Lieshout P. A pilot study into a possible relationship between diet and stuttering. J Fluency Disord. 2017 Jun;52:25-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.02.004.
7. Karlsson C, Aziz AM, Rehman F, et. al. A. Melanin-Concentrating Hormone and Its MCH-1 Receptor: Relationship Between Effects on Alcohol and Caloric Intake. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2016 Oct;40(10):2199-2207. doi: 10.1111/acer.13181.
8. Zingone F, Bartalini C, Siniscalchi M, et. al. Alterations in Diets of Patients With Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity Compared With Healthy Individuals. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Jan;15(1):63-68.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.08.017.

9. McLaughlin SA, Thorne JC, Jirikowic T, Waddington T, Lee AKC, Astley Hemingway SJ. Listening Difficulties in Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: More Than a Problem of Audibility. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019 May 21;62(5):1532-1548. doi: 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-H-18-0359.
10. Morie KP, Crowley MJ, Mayes LC, Potenza MN. Prenatal drug exposure from infancy through emerging adulthood: Results from neuroimaging. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 May 1;198:39-53. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.032.
11. Hadislerle İslam II İbadette İtidal/Aşırılıktan Uzak, Ölçülü Kulluk Sayfa:575.https://hadislerleislam.diyanet.gov.tr/index.php/?p=kitap&i=2.0.55 Accessed March 19, 2019.
12. Faisal A, Abdulaziz A, Wen C, Mohammad T.K. An ergonomic study of body motions during Muslim prayer using digital human modelling. Int. J. Industrial and Systems Engineering. 2017; 25 (3):279-296 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJISE.2017.081914.
13. Cynthia MK, John FT, Monica CK, et. al. Eating behavior traits of successful weight losers during 12 months of alternate-day fasting: An exploratory analysis of a randomized controlledtrial. Nutrition and Health. 2018; 24;1-6. doi:10.1177/0260106017753487.
14. Bonicalzi S, Haggard P. From Freedom From to Freedom To: New Perspectives on Intentional Action. Front Psychol. 2019 May 28;10:1193. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01193.
15. Adalja A, Sell TK, McGinty M, Boddie C. Genetically Modified (GM) Mosquito Use to Reduce Mosquito-Transmitted Disease in the US: A Community Opinion Survey. PLoS Curr. 2016 May 25;8. pii: ecurrents.outbreaks.1c39ec05a743d41ee39391ed0f2ed8d3. doi: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.1c39ec05a743d41ee39391ed0f2ed8d3.
16. Mueller S. Are Market GM Plants an Unrecognized Platform for Bioterrorism and Biocrime? Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019 May 29;7:121. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00121.
17. Gültekin F. Server Yayınları, A'dan Z'ye Gıda Katkı Maddeleri, ISSN: 9789758757336,2018.https://www.serveryayinlari.com/muhtelif/saglik/adan-zye-gida-katkimaddeleri-ansiklopedik-sozluk/?sl=tr Accessed March 11, 2018.
18. Doguc DK, Ceyhan BM, Ozturk M, Gultekin F. Effects of maternally exposed colouring food additives on cognitive performance in rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 2013 Aug;29(7):616-23. doi: 10.1177/0748233712436638.
19. Gultekin F, Doguc DK. Allergic and immunologic reactions to food additives. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2013 Aug;45(1):6-29. doi: 10.1007/s12016-012-8300-8.
20. Yazar H, Halis F, Nasir Y, Guzel D, Akdogan M, Gokce A. Effect of the Oxidant-Antioxidant System in Seminal Plasma on Varicocele and Idiopathic Infertility in Male Humans. Clin Lab. 2017 May 1;63(5):935-940. doi: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2016.161111.
21. Frankenfıeld D, Yousey LR, Compher C. Comparison of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in healthy nonobese and obese adults: a systematic review. Journal of the Amerıcan Dıetetıc Assocıatıon. 2005;105(5):775-789.
22. den Boon FS, Sarabdjitsingh RA. Circadian and ultradian patterns of HPA-axis activity in rodents: Significance for brain functionality. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Oct;31(5):445-457. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2017.09.001.
23. Vitale JA, Lombardi G, Weydahl A, Banfi G. Biological rhythms, chronodisruption and chrono-enhancement: The role of physical activity as synchronizer in correcting steroids circadian rhythm in metabolic dysfunctions and cancer. Chronobiol Int. 2018 Jun 28:1-13. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1475395.
24. Fonksiyonel Tıp Nedir, 2018. https://www.fonksiyoneltip.com/haberler/okunabilir-fonksiyonel-tip-nedir-ne-degildir/ Accessed February 18, 2018.
25. Atasoy M. Fonksiyonel Tıp. Kronik Hastalıklara Yaklaşımda Yeni bir Sistematik. Üçüncü baskı. ISBN: 978-67185-1-9. Meta Basım Matbacılık. İzmir,Temmuz.2018.
26. Fonksiyonel Tıp, 2019. https://www.anadolusaglik.org/fonksiyonel-tip Accessed May 18, 2019.
27. Fonksiyonel Tıp Kliniği, 2019. https://fonksiyoneltipklinigi.com/, Accessed June 2, 2019.
28. Lyndon H, Latour JM, Marsden J, Campbell S, Stevens K, Kent B. The Holistic Assessment and care Planning in Partnership Intervention Study [HAPPI]: A Protocol for a feasibility, cluster randomised controlled trial. J Adv Nurs. 2019 Jun 21. doi: 10.1111/jan.14106.
29. Wenham JT, Moore M, Pancer Z. Holistic medicine provision in the outback. Med J Aust. 2017 Mar 6;206(4):155-156.
30. Fan D. Holistic integrative medicine: toward a new era of medical advancement. Front Med. 2017 Mar;11(1):152-159. doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0499-6.
31. Wenham, JT, Moore, M, Pancer, Z. New Medical Research Study Findings Recently Were Reported by Researchers at University of Sydney (Holistic medicine provision in the outback). Medical Journal of Australia, 2017;206(4):155-156.
32. Howard L, Carol HW. Geriatric Consultation: A Functional Approach. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS). May 1984;32:5:356-361.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1984.tb02040.x.
33. American College of Lifestyle Medicine (ACLM), 2019. https://www.lifestylemedicine.org Accessed February 14, 2019.
34. Why is Lifestyle Medicine Essential to Sustainable Health and Healthcare? 2019. https://www.lifestylemedicine.org/What-is-Lifestyle-Medicine, Accessed February 14, 2019. The American College of Lifestyle Medicine, 2019.
35. https://lifestylemedicine.org/ACLM/About/Mission_Vision/ACLM/About/Mission_Vision.aspx?hkey=0c26bcd1-f424-416a-9055-2e3af80777f6, Accessed February 14, 2019.
36. Meng L1, Maskarinec G, Lee J, Kolonel LN. Lifestyle factors and chronic diseases: application of a composite risk index. Prev Med. 1999 Oct;29(4):296-304.
37. Jackson M, Fatahi F, Alabduljader K, Jelleyman C, Moore JP, Kubis HP. Exercise training and weight loss, not always a happy marriage: single blind exercise trials in females with diverse BMI. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2018 Apr;43(4):363-370. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0577.
38. Kayacan Y, Yazar H, Cerit G, Ghojebeigloo BE. A new oxidative stress indicator: Effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on thiol-disulfide homeostasis in exercise. Nutrition. 2019 Jul - Aug;63-64:114-119. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.01.013.
39. Kayacan Y, Yazar H, Kisa EC, Ghojebeigloo BE. A novel biomarker explaining the role of oxidative stress in exercise and l-tyrosine supplementation: thiol/disulphide homeostasis. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2018 Jul;124(3):232-236. doi: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1388410.
40. Fan DM. Holistic integrative medicine: the road to the future of the development of burn medicine. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi. 2017 Jan 20;33(1):1-3.
41. Wang L. Application of holistic integrative medicine in orthodontics. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2017 Aug 9;52(8):470-472. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2017.08.004.
42. Patel S, Klagholz S, Peterson CT, Weiss L, Chopra D, Mills PJ. Psychosocial Effects of a Holistic Ayurvedic Approach to Well-being in Health and Wellness Courses. Glob Adv Health Med. 2019 Apr 29;8:2164956119843814. doi: 10.1177/2164956119843814.