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THE CONCEPT OF “PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT” IN ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND A LITERATURE REVIEW ON PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 50, 119 - 140, 30.12.2022

Öz

Actual change and improvement, change from traditional society to today’s modern society affect the social structure. Depending on a variation the expectations of the employees and the employers altered and varied. Psychological contract, contract type as parol and based on the party’s perceptions came into prominence employees and employers in recent years, and became one of the main support for the community success. Physiological contract is a contract type as the individuals create mentally, reveals expectations and individual’s liabilities to each other. Physiological contracts are evaluated in two different types as operational and relationally. Contract types reflect the structural differences of the contracts. The theories, which provide basis to reveal physiological contract, indicate that the infringement of contract may be actualized as long as equality can not be ensured in physiological contracts in mutual contracts. Breach physiological contract lowers employee performance in community, and being a complicated factor for the community to reach their goals. The conditions and theories that led to reveal physiological contract concept is examined, and the definition of physiological contract law in community literature is propounded in this research. The aim of this study is to present theoretical information by conducting a systematic literature research on the subject and to examine the results by presenting examples from the world's research on psychological contract and its violation. It is possible to state that the study in which examples from the researches carried out in the world on the subject of psychological contract are presented, will contribute to the researches to be conducted on the subject.

Kaynakça

  • Abdulaali, A., Alnoor, A., and Eneizan, B. (2019). A multi-level study of influence financial knowledge management small and medium enterprises. Polish Journal ofManagement Studies, 19(1), 21-31.
  • Abdul-Rahman, O.A., and Ayorinde, A.O. (2013). Post merger performance of selected Nigerian deposit money banks-an econometric perspective. Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 2(8), 149-159.
  • Adams, J.S. (1963). Towards an understanding of inequality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 67, 422-36.
  • Akmaz, A., and Erbaşı, A. (2017). Psikolojik Kontrat ile örgütsel bağlılık ve örgütsel güven ilişkisi: Mersin ilindeki 4 ve 5 yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde bir uygulama. AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(4), 125-154.
  • Ampofo-Ansah, C., and Ampofo-Ansah, J. (2017). Psychological contract breach and work performance in the public sector in Ghana. International Journal of Technology and Management Research, 2(2), 38-43.
  • Anderson, N., and Schalk, R. (1998). The psychological contract in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19(1), 637–647.
  • Argyris, C. (1960). Understanding organizational behavior. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.
  • Arnold, J. (1996). The psychological contract: a concept in need of closer scrutiny?. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(4), 511-520.
  • Aselage, J., and Eisenberger, R. (2003). Perceived organizational supportand psychological contracts, theoretical integration. Journal of OrganizationalBehavior, 24, 491-509.
  • Aslan, Ş., and Uyar, S. (2018). Psikolojik sözleşme ihlali ile hissettirdiklerinin örgütsel özdeşleşme, iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerine etkileri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(1), 1-38.
  • Bal, P. Matthijs, and Smit, P. (2012). The older the better! Age-related differences in emotion regulation after contract breach. Career Development International, 17(1), 6-24.
  • Bala, I. (2013). The psychological contract: The changing nature of employee-employer expectations. International Journal of Management & Information Technology, 3(1), 62-70.
  • Baron, R.A., and Greenberg, J. (1990). Behavior in organizations. USA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Blau, P.M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Transaction Publisers.
  • Burger, J.M., Sanchez, J., Imberi, J.E., and Grande, L.R. (2009) The norm of reciprocity as an internalized social norm: Returning favors even when no one finds out. Social Influence, 4(1), 11-17.
  • Cassar, V.,and Briner, R. (2011). The relationship between psychological contract breach and organizational commitment: exchange imbalance as a moderator of the mediating role of violation. Journal of Vocational Behavior,78(2),283-289.
  • Chahar, B. (2019). Psychological contract and organizational citizenship behavior: exploring the interelatedness through crossvalidation. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 18(1), 1-15.
  • Chambel, M., and Castanheira, F. (2012). Training opportunities and employee exhaustion in call centres: mediation by psychological contract fulfilment. International Journal of Training and Development, 16(2), 107-117.
  • Chambel, M.J., Lorente, L., Carvalho, V., and Martinez, I.M. (2014). Psychological contract profiles among permanent and temporary agency workers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(1), 79-94.
  • Cihangiroğlu, N., Şahin, B., and Uzuntarla, Y. (2016). Hekim ve Hemşirelerin Psikolojik Sözleşme ve Örgütsel Adalet Algılarının karşılaştırması. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi, 58, 148-152.
  • Cofer, C. N., and Appley, M. H. (1964). Motivation: theory and research. New York: Wiley.
  • Conway, N., and Briner, R.B. (2009). Fifty years of psychological contract research: what do we know and what are the main challenges. School of Management and Organizational Psychology, 24(71)-130.
  • Conway, N., and Coyle-Shapiro, Jacqueline A-M. (2012). The reciprocal relationship between psychological contract fulfilment and employee performance and the moderating role of perceived organizational support and tenure. Journal of Occupational and OrganizationalPsychology, 85(2),1-23.
  • Costley, D.L., Melgoza, C.S., and Todd, R. (1991). Human relations in organizations. USA: West Publishing Company.
  • Coyle-Shapiro, Jacqueline A-M., and Kessler, I. (2000). Consequences of the psychological contract for the employment relationship: a large scale survey. Journal of Management Studies, 37(7), 903-929.
  • Coyle- Shapiro, Jacqueline A-M. (2002). A psychological contract perspective on organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior,23(8),927-946.
  • Coyle-Shapiro, Jacqueline A-M. and Parzefall, M. (2008). Psychological contracts. In C.L. Cooper and J. Barling (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of organizational behavior (pp. 17-34), London, UK: SAGE Publications.
  • Demiral, Ö. (2008). Örgütsel bağlılığın sağlanmasında personel güçlendirme ve psikolojik sözleşmenin etkisine ilişkin bir araştırma. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Niğde Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Niğde.
  • De Vos, A., Buyens, D. and Schalk, R. (2003). Psychological contract development during organizational socialization: Adaptation to reality and the role of recipiority. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(5), 537-548.
  • Dhanpat, N.P., and Brijball, S. (2014). Re-establishing the psychological contract as a precursorto employee retention. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 12(4), 78-90.
  • Dikili, A., and Bayraktaroğlu, S. (2013). Psikolojik sözleşme ile iş tatmini ilişkisine yönelik bir araştırma. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 8(2), 205-227.
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THE CONCEPT OF “PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT” IN ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND A LITERATURE REVIEW ON PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 50, 119 - 140, 30.12.2022

Öz

Geleneksel toplumlardan modern toplumlara doğru gerçekleşen değişim ve gelişim sosyal yapıyı da etkileyerek dönüştürmüştür. Değişime bağlı olarak örgüt yapıları ve istihdam ilişkileri, çalışan ve işveren beklentileri, yükümlülükleri de farklılaşmıştır. Örgüt yönetiminde yazılı olarak yer almayan, tarafların algılarına dayanan psikolojik sözleşme kavramı son yıllarda çalışanlar ve işverenler için önem kazanmış ve örgüt başarısı için temel dayanaklardan birisi olmuştur. Psikolojik sözleşme örgüt içinde bireylerin zihinlerinde oluşturdukları bir sözleşme olarak kişilerin birbirlerinden beklentilerini ve birbirlerine karşı yükümlülüklerini de ortaya koymaktadır. Psikolojik sözleşmeler işlemsel ve ilişkisel olarak iki ayrı türde değerlendirilebilmektedir. Sözleşme türleri sözleşmelerin yapısal farklılıklarını da yansıtmaktadır. Psikolojik sözleşme kavramına dayanak hazırlayan kuramlar psikolojik sözleşmelerde karşılıklılık ve eşitlik sağlanamadığında sözleşme ihlalinin gerçekleşebileceğini de ortaya koymaktadır. Psikolojik sözleşme ihlali örgüt içinde çalışan performansını düşürmekte ve örgüt amaçlarına ulaşılmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada psikolojik sözleşme kavramının ortaya çıkışına temel hazırlayan koşullar ve kuramlar incelenmiş, psikolojik sözleşme kavramı, psikolojik sözleşme türleri ve psikolojik sözleşme ihlali incelenmiştir. Çalışmada psikolojik sözleşme ile ilgili yapılan akademik araştırmalardan örnekler de sunulmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı konu ile ilgili bir literatür araştırması gerçekleştirerek teorik bilgiler sunmaktır. Psikolojik sözleşme konusu ile ilgili dünyada gerçekleştirilmiş araştırmalardan da örneklerin sunulduğu çalışmanın konu ile ilgili yapılacak araştırmalara katkı sağlayacağını ifade etmek mümkündür.

Kaynakça

  • Abdulaali, A., Alnoor, A., and Eneizan, B. (2019). A multi-level study of influence financial knowledge management small and medium enterprises. Polish Journal ofManagement Studies, 19(1), 21-31.
  • Abdul-Rahman, O.A., and Ayorinde, A.O. (2013). Post merger performance of selected Nigerian deposit money banks-an econometric perspective. Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 2(8), 149-159.
  • Adams, J.S. (1963). Towards an understanding of inequality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 67, 422-36.
  • Akmaz, A., and Erbaşı, A. (2017). Psikolojik Kontrat ile örgütsel bağlılık ve örgütsel güven ilişkisi: Mersin ilindeki 4 ve 5 yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde bir uygulama. AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(4), 125-154.
  • Ampofo-Ansah, C., and Ampofo-Ansah, J. (2017). Psychological contract breach and work performance in the public sector in Ghana. International Journal of Technology and Management Research, 2(2), 38-43.
  • Anderson, N., and Schalk, R. (1998). The psychological contract in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19(1), 637–647.
  • Argyris, C. (1960). Understanding organizational behavior. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.
  • Arnold, J. (1996). The psychological contract: a concept in need of closer scrutiny?. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(4), 511-520.
  • Aselage, J., and Eisenberger, R. (2003). Perceived organizational supportand psychological contracts, theoretical integration. Journal of OrganizationalBehavior, 24, 491-509.
  • Aslan, Ş., and Uyar, S. (2018). Psikolojik sözleşme ihlali ile hissettirdiklerinin örgütsel özdeşleşme, iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerine etkileri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(1), 1-38.
  • Bal, P. Matthijs, and Smit, P. (2012). The older the better! Age-related differences in emotion regulation after contract breach. Career Development International, 17(1), 6-24.
  • Bala, I. (2013). The psychological contract: The changing nature of employee-employer expectations. International Journal of Management & Information Technology, 3(1), 62-70.
  • Baron, R.A., and Greenberg, J. (1990). Behavior in organizations. USA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Blau, P.M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Transaction Publisers.
  • Burger, J.M., Sanchez, J., Imberi, J.E., and Grande, L.R. (2009) The norm of reciprocity as an internalized social norm: Returning favors even when no one finds out. Social Influence, 4(1), 11-17.
  • Cassar, V.,and Briner, R. (2011). The relationship between psychological contract breach and organizational commitment: exchange imbalance as a moderator of the mediating role of violation. Journal of Vocational Behavior,78(2),283-289.
  • Chahar, B. (2019). Psychological contract and organizational citizenship behavior: exploring the interelatedness through crossvalidation. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 18(1), 1-15.
  • Chambel, M., and Castanheira, F. (2012). Training opportunities and employee exhaustion in call centres: mediation by psychological contract fulfilment. International Journal of Training and Development, 16(2), 107-117.
  • Chambel, M.J., Lorente, L., Carvalho, V., and Martinez, I.M. (2014). Psychological contract profiles among permanent and temporary agency workers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(1), 79-94.
  • Cihangiroğlu, N., Şahin, B., and Uzuntarla, Y. (2016). Hekim ve Hemşirelerin Psikolojik Sözleşme ve Örgütsel Adalet Algılarının karşılaştırması. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi, 58, 148-152.
  • Cofer, C. N., and Appley, M. H. (1964). Motivation: theory and research. New York: Wiley.
  • Conway, N., and Briner, R.B. (2009). Fifty years of psychological contract research: what do we know and what are the main challenges. School of Management and Organizational Psychology, 24(71)-130.
  • Conway, N., and Coyle-Shapiro, Jacqueline A-M. (2012). The reciprocal relationship between psychological contract fulfilment and employee performance and the moderating role of perceived organizational support and tenure. Journal of Occupational and OrganizationalPsychology, 85(2),1-23.
  • Costley, D.L., Melgoza, C.S., and Todd, R. (1991). Human relations in organizations. USA: West Publishing Company.
  • Coyle-Shapiro, Jacqueline A-M., and Kessler, I. (2000). Consequences of the psychological contract for the employment relationship: a large scale survey. Journal of Management Studies, 37(7), 903-929.
  • Coyle- Shapiro, Jacqueline A-M. (2002). A psychological contract perspective on organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior,23(8),927-946.
  • Coyle-Shapiro, Jacqueline A-M. and Parzefall, M. (2008). Psychological contracts. In C.L. Cooper and J. Barling (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of organizational behavior (pp. 17-34), London, UK: SAGE Publications.
  • Demiral, Ö. (2008). Örgütsel bağlılığın sağlanmasında personel güçlendirme ve psikolojik sözleşmenin etkisine ilişkin bir araştırma. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Niğde Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Niğde.
  • De Vos, A., Buyens, D. and Schalk, R. (2003). Psychological contract development during organizational socialization: Adaptation to reality and the role of recipiority. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(5), 537-548.
  • Dhanpat, N.P., and Brijball, S. (2014). Re-establishing the psychological contract as a precursorto employee retention. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 12(4), 78-90.
  • Dikili, A., and Bayraktaroğlu, S. (2013). Psikolojik sözleşme ile iş tatmini ilişkisine yönelik bir araştırma. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 8(2), 205-227.
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  • Hui, C., Lee, C., and Rousseau, D. M. (2004). Psychological contract and organizational citizenship behavior in China: investigating generalizability and instrumentality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(2), 311-321.
  • Jahangir, N., Akbar, M.M., and Haq, M. (2004). Organizational citizenship behavior: its nature and antecedents. BRAC University Journal, 1(2), 75-85.
  • Jeske, D., and Axtell, M. (2018). The nature of relationships in e-internships: a matter of the psychological contract, communication and relational ınvestment. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 34(2), 113-121.
  • Karagonlar, G., Eisenberger, R., and Aselage, J. (2016). Reciprocation wary employees discount psychological contract fulfillment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(1), 23-40.
  • Koçak, H., and Koç, H. (2018). Psikolojik sözleşme ihlalleri ile örgütsel güven ve örgütsel bağlılık ilişkisi: kamu ve özel sektör karşılaştırması. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(4), 1217-1241.
  • Koçel, T. (1995). İşletme yöneticiliği. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Kreitner, R., and A. Kinicki. (1998). Organizational behavior. Irwin McGraw-Hill.
  • Küçükkurt, M. (1988). Halkla ilişkilerde araştırma yöntemleri ve değerlendirme. Halkla İlişkiler Sempozyumu (20-21 Nisan 1987) bildirileri (pp.155-173), Ankara Üniversitesi Basın-Yayın Yüksekokulu Türkiye ve Orta Doğu Amme İdaresi Enstitüsü.
  • Lewin, K. (1938). The conceptual representation and the measurement of psychological forces. Durham, UK: Duke University Press.
  • Levinson, H., Price, C.R., Munden, K.J., Mandl, H.J., and Solley, C.M. (1962). Men, management and mental health. USA: Harvard University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674424746
  • Lub, X.D., Bal, P.M., Blomme, R.J., and Schalk, R. (2016). One job, one deal…or not: do generations respond differently to psychological contract fulfillment?. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(6), 653-680.
  • Memon, K.R., and Ghani, B. (2020). The relationship between psychological contract and voice behavior—a social exchange perspective. Asian Journal of Business Ethics, 9, 257-274.
  • McDonald, D.J., and Makin, P.J. (2000). The psychological contract, organisational commitment and job satisfaction of temporary staff. Leadership, Organization Development Journal, 21(2), 84-91.
  • Miana, B.S., González-Morales, M.G., Caballer, A., and Peiró, J.M. (2011). Consequences of job insecurity and the moderator role of occupational group. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14(2), 820-31.
  • Millward, L.J., and Hopkins, L.J. (1998). Psychological contracts, organizational and job commitment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(16), 1530-1556.
  • Moorhead, G., and Griffin, R.W. (1995). Organizational behavior managing people and organization. USA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  • Morrison, E.W., and Robinson, S.L. (1997). When employees feel betrayed: a model of how psychological contract violation develops. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 226-256.
  • Morrison, E.W., and Robinson, S.L. (2002). The development of psychological breach and violation: a longitudinal study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(5), 525-546.
  • Mullen, P., Blount, A., Lambie, G., and Chae, N. (2018). School counselors’ perceived stress, burnout, and job satisfaction. Professional School Counseling, 21(1), 1-10.
  • Newaz, T.M., Jefferies, M., Davis, P., and Pillay, M. (2016). Using the psychological contract to measure safety outcomes on construction sites. In P.W. Chan and C.J. Neilson (Eds.), Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ARCOM Conference (pp. 487-496), 5-7 September 2016, Manchester, UK: Association of Researchers in Construction Management.
  • Opolot, J.S., and Maket, L. (2020). Psychological contract, employee engagement and employee performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(11), 886-903.
  • Özler, E., and E. Ünver. (2012). Pskolojik sözleşmenin iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisini belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (17)2, 325-351.
  • Özdemir, H., and Yaylı, A. (2014). Çalışanın örgütsel bağlılığı, performansı ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Journal of Recreation and Tourism Research (Jrtr), 1(1), 48-58.
  • Pate, J., Martin, G., and Staines, H. (2000). Exploring the relationship between psychological contracts and organizational change: a process model and some case study evidence. Journal of Strategic Change, 9(8), 481- 493.
  • Pate, J., and Malone, C. (2000). Post-‘psychological contract’ violation- the durability and transferability of employee perceptions: the case of timtec. Journal of European Industrial Training, 24(4)4, 158-166.
  • Patric, H.A. (2008). Psychological contract and employment relationship. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 7, 1-26.
  • Poisat, P., Mey M.R., and Sharp, G. (2018). Do talent management strategies influence the psychological contract within a diverse environment?. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(1). doi: 10.4102/sajhrm.v16i0.1044
  • Reimann, M., and Guzy, J. (2017). Psychological contract breach and employee health: the relevance of unmet obligations for mental and physical health. Journal of work and Organizational Psychology, 33(1), 1-11.
  • Restubog, S.L.D., Hornsey, M.J., Bordia, P., and Esposo, S.R. (2008). Effects of psychological contract breach on organizational citizenship behaviour: insights from the group value model. Journal of Management Studies, 45(8), 1377-1400.
  • Robinson, S.L., and Rousseau, D.M. (1994). Violating the psychological contract: not the exception but the norm. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(3), 245-259.
  • Rousseau, D.M. (1989). Psychological and implied contracts in organizations. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2(2), 121-139.
  • Rousseau, D.M. (1995). Psychological contracts in organizations: understanding written and unwritten agreements. USA: Sage Publications.
  • Rousseau, D.M., and Tijoriwala, S.A. (1998). Assessing psychological contracts: issues, alternatives and measures, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 679-695.
  • Rousseau, D.M. (1990). New hire perception of their own and their employer’s obligations: a study of psychological contracts. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11(5), 389-400.
  • Rousseau, D.M. (2001). Schema, promises, and mutuality: the psychology of the psychological contract. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74, 511-541.
  • Robinson, S.L. (1996). Trust and breach of the P-psychological contract. Administrative Science Quarterly, 574-599. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2393868
  • Schein, E. (1984). Coming to a new awareness of organizational culture. Sloan Management Review.
  • Schein, E.H. (1980). Organizational psychology. USA: Prentice-Hall Inc.
  • Schein, E.H. (1965). Organizational psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall.
  • Senior, C., Fearon, C., Mclaughlin, H., and Manalsuren, S. (2017). How might your staff react to news of an institutional merger? A psychological contract approach. International Journal of Educational Management, 31(3), 364-382.
  • Serinkan, C. (2008). Liderlik ve motivasyon. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Shore, L.M., and Tetrick, L.E. (1994). The psychological contract as an explanatory framework in the employment relationship. C.L. Cooper and D.M. Rousseau, (Eds.), Trends in Organizational Behavior, 1, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sims, R.R. (1994). Human resource management’s role in clarifying the new psychological contract. Human Resource Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930330306
  • Soares, M.E., and Mosquera, P. (2019). Fostering work engagement: the role of the psychological contract. American Psychological Association Journal of Business Research, 101, 469-476.
  • Solinger, O.N., Hofmans, J., Bal, M., and Jansen, P.G.W. (2016). Bouncing back from psychological contract breach: how commitment recovers over time. Journal of OrganizationalBehavior,37(21),494-514.
  • Suazo, M.M. (2003). An examination of antecedents and consequences of psychological Contract. Unpublished Phd Thesis. Kansas University, USA.
  • Tolman, E.C. (1949). Purposive behavior in animals and men. Berkeley and Los Angeles (Reprinted 1949): University of California Press.
  • Topaloğlu, H., and Arastaman, G. (2016). Örgütlerde psikolojik sözleşme üzerine kuramsal bir değerlendirme. Ihlara Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 25-36.
  • Turnley, W.H., and Feldman, D.C. (1999). A discrepancy model of psychological contract violations. Human Resource Management Review, 9(3), 367-386.
  • Turnley, W.H., and Feldman, D.C. (2002). Research re-examining the effects of psychological contract violation: unmet expectations and job dissatisfaction as mediators. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(1), 25-42.
  • Tuzlukaya, Ş., and Kırkbeşoğlu, E. (2015). Sigortacılık sektöründe örgütsel küçülmenin ardından ortaya çıkan güven bunalımı ve psikolojik sözleşme boyutlarına etkisi. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(38), 969-979.
  • Yılmaz, K., and Altınkurt, Y. (2012). Özel dersane öğretmenlerinin psikolojik sözleşmeleri. Elektronik Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2),11-22.
  • Zacher, H., Rudolph, and Cort, W. (2020). Relation between psychological contract breach and employee well-being and career-related behavior: the role of occupational future time perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42(1), 1-42.
  • Zhou, J., Plaisent, M., Zheng, L., and Bernard, P. (2014). Psychological contract, organizational commitment and work satisfaction: survey of researchers in Chinese state-owned engineering research institutions. Open Journal of Social Sciences,2(9),217-225.
Toplam 92 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Ebru Çitil 0000-0002-8281-9444

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 50

Kaynak Göster

APA Çitil, E. (2022). THE CONCEPT OF “PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT” IN ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND A LITERATURE REVIEW ON PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT. Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(50), 119-140.