Asia Minor’da İyi Korunmuş Erken Hellenistik Çağ Tiyatro Örneği: Assos

Öz

Klasik Çağ’da Atina’da en parlak dönemini yaşayan tiyatrolar, mimari bir yapı tipi olarak Hellenistik Çağ’da Asia Minor’da gelişmiştir. Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde mevcut tiyatrolara bazı eklentiler yapılarak kullanılmaya devam edilmiştir. Bundan dolayı Hellenistik Çağ tiyatrolarını tarihlemede zorlanan araştırmacılar skene binasının işlevi ve mimarisi üzerine odaklanmışlardır. Asia Minor’da iyi korunmuş bir Yunan polisi örneği olan Assos’taki tiyatro, Hellenistik Çağ mimarisi için önemli bir yere sahiptir. Araştırmacılar tarafından MÖ erken 2. yüzyıla tarihlenen tiyatronun yapım evrelerini yeniden gözden geçirmek üzere, skene binası içinde kazı yapılmıştır. Bu kazıda skene binası altında, içinde seramik kaplar, dokuma ağırlıkları ve diğer eşyaların yer aldığı bir konut tespit edilmiştir. Deprem veya başka bir zorunlu nedenden dolayı MÖ 4. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde aniden terk edilen konutun üzerine kısa bir süre sonra skene binası inşa edilmiştir. Yeni bulgular Assos tiyatrosunun bu güne kadar önerilen tarihin aksine daha erken bir zamanda (Erken Hellenistik Çağ) inşa edildiğini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Assos
• Hellenistik Çağ
• Koilon
• Orkestra
• Parodos
• Proskenion
• Scene
• Tiyatro

A Well Protected Early Hellenistic Theater in Asia Minor: The Case of the Theatre

Öz

Theaters that lived their heyday in Athens during the Classical Period developed as an architectural building type in Asia Minor in the Hellenistic Period. Since they were continuously used with some additions during the Roman Imperial Period, determining the Hellenistic phases of these theatres in Asia Minor is problematic. Most researchers who examined the Hellenistic theaters stated that the archaeological data were too insufficient for dating, thus instead they focused on the function and architecture of the skene. The theater of Assos, a well-preserved Greek city in Asia Minor, is an important example for the Hellenistic Period. A trial trench was opened in the skene area in order to determine whether or not the theater was constructed ca. 200 BC as previously asserted. During the excavation, under the foundation walls of the skene, a destroyed house, including potteries, loom weights and other tools, was discovered. The house had been suddenly abandoned in 4th century BC because of an earthquake, or another mandatory reason and skene was built shortly after. According to evidences, Assos theater was built earlier than its anticipated date, in other words, in Early Hellenistic Age.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Assos
• Hellenistic age
• Koilon
• Orchestra
• Parodos
• Proskenion
• Scene
• Theater

Kaynakça

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