Gut Microbiota and Endurance Exercise

Yıl 2019, , 170 - 178, 10.02.2019

Nesli Ersoy , Gülgün Ersoy

https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.388229

Öz

Gut microbiota; are hormonal clusters of microorganisms capable of producing various signaling molecules and reaching different regions of the body through blood circulation. Microbiota is one of the current health issues associated with many diseases today. There is increasing evidence-based knowledge that microbiota is regulated by a variety of environmental conditions (nutrition, exercise, stress, pregnancy ...), including exercise at the present time. In recent years, it has been reported that microbiota has a positive effect on exercise performance. It has been reported that the athlete has a healthy microbiota especially in the long and intense endurance sports during the exercise period, positively affecting metabolism with critical prescription such as energy metabolism, oxidative stress and hydration state.  At the same time, intense and long-term exercise-based athletes have often been shown to have positive effects on immunosuppression. In this way there is strong scientific evidence that athletes reduce the frequency and duration of upper respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal system disorders. The use of probiotics to control microbial alteration, inflammation and redox levels, exercise practitioners and sportsmen; it may be an important nutrition strategy to improve overall health, performance and energy availability. In addition to affecting the endurance exercise performance of microbiota, exercise production has also been reported to contribute to microbiota enrichment. Further research is needed in the years to focus on exercise, the immune system and the microbiota relationship. Purpose of this review is summarize current literature studies that examine the relationship between endurance exercise and microbiota.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endurance, exercise

Barsak Mikrobiyotası ve Dayanıklılık Egzersizleri

Öz

Barsak mikrobiyotası; hormonal nitelikte
çeşitli sinyal molekülleri üreterek, kan dolaşımı ile vücudun farklı
bölgelerine ulaşabilen mikroorganizma kümeleridir. Mikrobiyota günümüzde birçok
hastalıkla ilişkilendirilen güncel sağlık konularından birisidir. Mikrobiyotanın,
egzersiz dâhil olmak üzere, çeşitli çevresel koşullar (beslenme, egzersiz,
stres, doğum şekli) tarafından düzenlendiğine ait günümüzde giderek artan
kanıta dayalı bilgiler vardır. Son yıllarda ise, mikrobiyotanın egzersiz
performansını olumlu etkilediği belirtilmektedir. Özellikle egzersiz süresinin
uzun ve yoğun olduğu dayanıklılık sporlarında sporcunun sağlıklı mikrobiyotaya
sahip olmasının, enerji metabolizması, oksidatif stres ve hidrasyon durumu gibi
kritik öneme sahip metabolizmaları olumlu etkilediği bildirilmiştir. Aynı
zamanda, yorucu ve uzun süreli egzersize bağlı sporcuların sıklıkla yaşadıkları
immün sistem baskılanmasında da iyileştirici etkilerinin olduğu belirtilmiştir.
Bu şekilde sporcuların üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu ve gastrointestinal sistem
rahatsızlıklarının sıklık ve süresini azalttığına dair kuvvetli bilimsel
veriler bulunmaktadır. Probiyotik kullanılması ile oluşan mikrobiyota
değişiminin, inflamasyon ve redoks düzeylerini kontrol edebileceği, egzersiz
yapan kişiler ve sporcuların; genel sağlık, performans ve enerji
kullanılabilirliğini iyileştirmek için önemli bir beslenme stratejisi
olabileceği belirtilmiştir. Mikrobiyotanın dayanıklılık egzersizi performansını
etkilemesinin yanı sıra egzersiz yapımının da mikrobiyota zenginleştirilmesine
katkıda bulunduğu bildirilmiştir. Önümüzdeki
yıllarda egzersiz, immün sistem ve mikrobiyota ilişkisine odaklanan daha fazla
araştırmanın yapılmasına gerek vardır. Bu derleme yazıda dayanıklılık
egzersizi ve mikrobiyota ilişkisi güncel çalışmalarla incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dayanıklılık, egzersiz, barsak mikrobiyotası

Kaynakça

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