Postpartum Kanamada Risk Belirleme, Önleme ve Yönetim: Kanıta Dayalı Uygulamalar
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 494 - 502, 14.10.2018
Ayşegül Durmaz
,
Nuran Kömürcü
Öz
Anne ölümleri Türkiye’nin
olduğu gibi tüm dünya ülkelerinin en önemli sağlık sorunlarından biridir. Anne ölümlerinin 1/3’den fazlasının nedenini postpartum kanama (% 35)
oluşturmaktadır. Postpartum kanama nedeniyle olan ölümler yılda yaklaşık
14 milyon kez meydana gelmektedir. Doğum sonrası ölümlerin %
45’i ilk 24 saat
içinde ortaya çıkar ve % 66’sı ilk
haftasında meydana gelir. Acil durumun farkına varmak kolay olmadığından ölümlerin çoğu doğum
sırasında ya da doğum sonrası
ilk 24 saat içinde ortaya çıkar. Postpartum
kanama acil obstetrik bir durumdur. Bu nedenle dünya genelinde ve ülkemizde
acil obstetrik bakım hizmetleri kapsamında yer almaktadır. Çalışmada postpartum kanamayla mücadele için koruyucu, tedavi
edici ve rehabilite edici hizmetler açısından ortak bir yaklaşım ve eşgüdümü
sağlamak açısından önemli bilgiler verilmektedir. Bu çalışmada posptartum kanamadan kadınları koruma, postpartum
kanamayı önleme ve kanama geliştiğinde yönetimine ilişkin bilgilerin yüksek
kanıt düzeyi ile sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.
Kaynakça
- 1. Su CW. Postpartum hemorrhage. Prim Care Clin Office Pract, 2012;39:167-187.
- 2. Bin Yıl Kalkınma Hedefleri Raporu, T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Müsteşarlığı, Ankara, 2010.
- 3. Ergöçmen BA, Yüksel İ. Türkiye’de ölüm kayıtlarına ilişkin sorunlar: anne ölümleri özelinde niteliksel bir çalışma. Nüfusbilim Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Population Studies, 2006;07:29-46.
- 4. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank Estimates. Publications of the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2012.
- 5. World Health Statistics 2012. WHO. Publications of the World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland, 2012.
- 6. Countdown to 2015 Decade Report (2000–2010): Taking Stock of Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival. WHO, UNICEF. Publications of the World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland, 2010.
- 7. Reducing the Global Burden: Postpartum Haemorrhage. Making Pregnancy Safer Newsletter. WHO, 2007;4:1-8.
- 8. Nour NM. An introduction to maternal mortality. Reviews in Obstetrics et Gynecology, 2008;1(2):77-81.
- 9. Burke C. Active versus expectant management of the third stage of labor and implementation of a protocol. Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 2010;24(3):215-228.
- 10. Carroli G, Cuesta C, Abalos E, Gülmezoğlu AM. Epidemiology of postpartum haemorrhage: a systematic review. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2008;22(6):999-1012.
- 11. Alexander JM, Wortman AC. Intrapartum hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am., 2013;40(1):15-26.
- 12. McLintock C, James AH. Obstetric hemorrhage. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2011;9:1440-1451.
- 13. Anderson JM., Duncan E. Prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage. American Family Physician, 2007;75(6):875-882.
- 14. B-Lynch C, Keith LG, Lalonde AB, Karoshi M. eds. A Textbook of Postpartum Hemorrhage. A Comprehensive Guide to Evaluation, Management and Surgical Intervention. Tien Wah Press Pte. Ltd, Singapore; 2006.
- 15. Hofmeyr GJ, Abdel-Aleem H, Abdel-Aleem MA. Uterine massage for preventing potpartum haemorrhage. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2008;3:1-18.
- 16. FIGO Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health Committee. Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Low-Resource Settings. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2012;117:108-118.
- 17. McCormick ML, Sanghvi HC, Kinzie B, Mcintosh N. Preventing postpartum hemorrhage in low-resource settings. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2002;77(3):267-75.
- 18. Winograd RH. Uterine artery embolization for postpartum hemorrhage. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2008;22(6):1119-1132.
- 19. Durmaz A, Kömürcü N. Relationship between maternal characteristics and postpartum hemorrhage: a meta-analysis study. The Journal of Nursing Research (JNR), 2018; doi:10.1097/ jnr.0000000000000245(Baskıda)
- 20. Bhau U, Koul I. Recent advances in the management of postpartum hemorrhage. JK Science, 2008;10(4):163-165
- 21. Shane B. Preventing postpartum hemorrhage: managing the third stage of labor. Outlook, 2001;19(3):1-8.
- 22. McDonald S. Management of the third stage of labor. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 2007;52(3):254-261.
- 23. ICM, FIGO. Management of the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. JOGC, 2003;25(11):952-953.
- 24. Breathnach F, Geary M. Uterine atony: definition, prevention, nonsurgical management, and uterine tamponade. Seminars in Perinatology, 2008;33:82-87.
- 25. Lim PS, Singh S, Lee A, Yassin MAJM. Umbilical vein oxytocin in the management of retained placenta: an alternative to manual removal of placenta?. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2011;284:1073-1079.
- 26. Lim PS. Uterine atony: management strategies. Kochhar PK. (Ed.) Blood Transfusion in Clinical Practice. In Tech., 2012;97-128.
- 27. Karoshi M., Keith L. Challenges in managing postpartum hemorrhage in resource-poor countries. Clinical Ostetrics and Gynecology, 2009;52(2):285-298.
- 28. Leduc D, Senikas V, Lalonde AB. Active management of the third stage of labour: prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2010;108:258-267.
- 29. Education Material for Teachers of Midwifery Managing Postpartum Haemorrhage. WHO. 2nd ed., WHO Press, Fransa, 2008.
- 30. Managing Complications in Pregnancy and Childbirth: A Guide for Midwives and Doctors. WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, The World Bank, Department of Reproductive Health and Research. Publications of the World Health Organization, China, 2007.
- 31. Acil Obstetrik Bakım Yönetim Rehberi. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Kadın ve Üreme Sağlığı Daire Başkanlığı. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara, 2014.
- 32. Taşkın L, Koç G. I. basamak sağlık kuruluşlarında verilen perinatoloji hizmetlerinde ebe ve hemşireler. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 2006;48–56.
Risk Identification, Prevention and Management in Postpartum Hemorrhage: Evidence Based Practices
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 494 - 502, 14.10.2018
Ayşegül Durmaz
,
Nuran Kömürcü
Öz
Maternal death is one of the most important health problems in Turkey
and in the rest of world. The reason for
more than 1/3 of maternal deaths is postpartum hemorrhage. Postpartum
hemorrhage caused deaths occur approximately 14 million times a year. Of these
postnatal deaths, 45% occur after the first 24 hours, and 66% occur in the
first week. Since diagnosis of the emergency situation is not easy, most of the
deaths occur during birth or in the first 24 hours after giving birth.
Postpartum bleeding is an emergency obstetric case. Therefore, it is included
in the emergency obstetric care services around the world and in our country.
This study presents important information about providing a joint approach and
coordination in protective, therapeutic and rehabilitating services for
fighting postpartum hemorrhage. This evidence-based information aims to help
protect women from postpartum hemorrhage and manage cases of hemorrhage.
Kaynakça
- 1. Su CW. Postpartum hemorrhage. Prim Care Clin Office Pract, 2012;39:167-187.
- 2. Bin Yıl Kalkınma Hedefleri Raporu, T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Müsteşarlığı, Ankara, 2010.
- 3. Ergöçmen BA, Yüksel İ. Türkiye’de ölüm kayıtlarına ilişkin sorunlar: anne ölümleri özelinde niteliksel bir çalışma. Nüfusbilim Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Population Studies, 2006;07:29-46.
- 4. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank Estimates. Publications of the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2012.
- 5. World Health Statistics 2012. WHO. Publications of the World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland, 2012.
- 6. Countdown to 2015 Decade Report (2000–2010): Taking Stock of Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival. WHO, UNICEF. Publications of the World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland, 2010.
- 7. Reducing the Global Burden: Postpartum Haemorrhage. Making Pregnancy Safer Newsletter. WHO, 2007;4:1-8.
- 8. Nour NM. An introduction to maternal mortality. Reviews in Obstetrics et Gynecology, 2008;1(2):77-81.
- 9. Burke C. Active versus expectant management of the third stage of labor and implementation of a protocol. Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 2010;24(3):215-228.
- 10. Carroli G, Cuesta C, Abalos E, Gülmezoğlu AM. Epidemiology of postpartum haemorrhage: a systematic review. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2008;22(6):999-1012.
- 11. Alexander JM, Wortman AC. Intrapartum hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am., 2013;40(1):15-26.
- 12. McLintock C, James AH. Obstetric hemorrhage. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2011;9:1440-1451.
- 13. Anderson JM., Duncan E. Prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage. American Family Physician, 2007;75(6):875-882.
- 14. B-Lynch C, Keith LG, Lalonde AB, Karoshi M. eds. A Textbook of Postpartum Hemorrhage. A Comprehensive Guide to Evaluation, Management and Surgical Intervention. Tien Wah Press Pte. Ltd, Singapore; 2006.
- 15. Hofmeyr GJ, Abdel-Aleem H, Abdel-Aleem MA. Uterine massage for preventing potpartum haemorrhage. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2008;3:1-18.
- 16. FIGO Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health Committee. Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Low-Resource Settings. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2012;117:108-118.
- 17. McCormick ML, Sanghvi HC, Kinzie B, Mcintosh N. Preventing postpartum hemorrhage in low-resource settings. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2002;77(3):267-75.
- 18. Winograd RH. Uterine artery embolization for postpartum hemorrhage. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2008;22(6):1119-1132.
- 19. Durmaz A, Kömürcü N. Relationship between maternal characteristics and postpartum hemorrhage: a meta-analysis study. The Journal of Nursing Research (JNR), 2018; doi:10.1097/ jnr.0000000000000245(Baskıda)
- 20. Bhau U, Koul I. Recent advances in the management of postpartum hemorrhage. JK Science, 2008;10(4):163-165
- 21. Shane B. Preventing postpartum hemorrhage: managing the third stage of labor. Outlook, 2001;19(3):1-8.
- 22. McDonald S. Management of the third stage of labor. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 2007;52(3):254-261.
- 23. ICM, FIGO. Management of the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. JOGC, 2003;25(11):952-953.
- 24. Breathnach F, Geary M. Uterine atony: definition, prevention, nonsurgical management, and uterine tamponade. Seminars in Perinatology, 2008;33:82-87.
- 25. Lim PS, Singh S, Lee A, Yassin MAJM. Umbilical vein oxytocin in the management of retained placenta: an alternative to manual removal of placenta?. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2011;284:1073-1079.
- 26. Lim PS. Uterine atony: management strategies. Kochhar PK. (Ed.) Blood Transfusion in Clinical Practice. In Tech., 2012;97-128.
- 27. Karoshi M., Keith L. Challenges in managing postpartum hemorrhage in resource-poor countries. Clinical Ostetrics and Gynecology, 2009;52(2):285-298.
- 28. Leduc D, Senikas V, Lalonde AB. Active management of the third stage of labour: prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2010;108:258-267.
- 29. Education Material for Teachers of Midwifery Managing Postpartum Haemorrhage. WHO. 2nd ed., WHO Press, Fransa, 2008.
- 30. Managing Complications in Pregnancy and Childbirth: A Guide for Midwives and Doctors. WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, The World Bank, Department of Reproductive Health and Research. Publications of the World Health Organization, China, 2007.
- 31. Acil Obstetrik Bakım Yönetim Rehberi. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Kadın ve Üreme Sağlığı Daire Başkanlığı. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara, 2014.
- 32. Taşkın L, Koç G. I. basamak sağlık kuruluşlarında verilen perinatoloji hizmetlerinde ebe ve hemşireler. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 2006;48–56.