From Jan Zizka’s and Jean Hunyad’s tábor to the tâbur cengi of the Ottoman armies. Hussite military art in Eastern Europe, in the Near East and in the Middle East (15th-17 th centuries)

Öz

The tábor defensive tactics, that were utilized by Jan Zizka’s army and that of Procope the Great, at the time of the Hussite wars (1419-1434), played a part non negligeable during the following years in the development of Hungarian and Polish military art. John Hunyadi, voivode of Transylvania, applied these tactics when fighting against Ottomans in Wallachia and in the Balkans (1442-1448). They were then adopted by Ottoman armies; the tâbur çengi becoming, one might say, a central element in laying out the armies forces on the battlefields. The tâbur çengi defensive tactics were thereafter generally adopted for all military operations, whether in Central Europe, or in the Middle East and this went on until the second half of the 18th century.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tabur Çengi
• Ottoman Army
• Hunyadi
• Hussite military art

Jan Žižka ve Hünyadi Yanoş’un Tábor’undan Osmanlı Ordusunun Tabur Cengi’ne. Doğu Avrupa, Yakın ve Orta Doğu’da Husçu Savaş Sanatı (15-17. Yüzyıllar)

Öz

Husçu savaşları (1419-1434) sırasında Jan Zizka ve Procope le Grand'ın orduları tarafından kullanılan tábor savunma taktiği, sonraki yıllarda Macaristan ve Polonya'da askeri sanatın gelişiminde önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Erdel voyvodası Jean Hunyadi bu taktiği Eflak ve Balkanlar'da Osmanlılara karşı düzenlenen seferlerde uygulamıştır (1442-1448). Osmanlı orduları da bu taktiği benimsemiş, tâbur çengi savaş alanındaki farklı kuvvetlerin tertiplerinin ana unsuru olmuştur. Tâbur çengi savunma taktikleri daha sonra XVIII. yüzyılın ikinci yarısına kadar Orta Avrupa'dan Orta Doğu'ya kadar tüm askeri harekât alanlarında kullanılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tabur Çengi
• Osmanlı Ordusu
• Hunyadi
• Husçu Askeri Sanat

Kaynakça

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