Prevalence of rotavirus, coronavirus, Cryptosporidium spp, Escherichia coli K99 and Giardia lamblia in neonatal calves with diarrhea in Burdur and its districts

Yıl 2024, , 92 - 91, 30.04.2024

Veysel Çelik , Süleyman Kozat

https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1440871

Öz

TThe aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of pathogens such as Rotavirus, Coronavirus, Cryptosporidium spp, Escherichia coli K99, and Giardia lamblia in neonatal calves with diarrhea in Burdur and its districts. The study material consisted of 96 diarrheic calves aged between 1 and 28 days from different cattle farms in the Burdur region. Fecal samples were collected, and the causative agents were identified using rapid diagnostic kits (BoviD-5 Ag Test Kit- BIONOTE). In the study, among the 96 diarrheic calves, a single enteropathogen was detected in 61 (63.54%), and 25 (26.04%) of these calves were positive for Cryptosporidium, 12 (12.5%) for E. coli K99, 11 (11.45%) for Rotavirus, 7 (7.29%) for Coronavirus, and 6 (6.25%) for Giardia lamblia, respectively. Multiple enteropathogens were responsible for diarrhea in 18 calves, and 2 (2.08%) of them were Cryptosporidium spp.+Giardia lamblia, 8 (8.33%) Cryptosporidium spp.+Rotavirus, 3 (3.12%) Coronavirus+Rotavirus, with 1 (1.04%) Coronavirus+Cryptosporidium spp., 2 (2.08%) Rotavirus+E. coli, and 1 (1.04%) of them was E. coli+Cryptosporidium spp.+Rotavirus. Among the 96 diarrheic calves with mixed infections or a single enteropathogen, 38 (39.58%) had Cryptosporidium, 15 (15.62%) had E. coli K99, 26 (27.08%) had Rotavirus, 12 (12.50%) had Coronavirus, and 8 (8.33%) had Giardia lamblia. However, in 17 of the 96 diarrheic calves, neither mono- nor multiple enteropathogens were detected, suggesting that other factors might have caused diarrhea. Finally, this research provides valuable information for faster diagnosis, prevention, control, and treatment of enteropathogens causing diarrhea in neonatal calves in the Burdur region, contributing to reducing calf losses. It is believed that the research findings will shed light on future studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Calf, Diagnosis, Diarrhea, Enteropatogen

Kaynakça

• Al, M., & Balıkçı E. (2012). Neonatal ishalli buzağılarda rotavirus, coronavirus, E. coli K99 ve Cryptosporidium parvum'un hızlı test kitleri ile teşhisi ve enteropatojen ile maternal immünite ilişkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 26(2), 73-78.
• Alkan F. (1998). Buzağı ishallerinde rotavirus ve coronavirusların rolü. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 45, 29-37.
• Alkan, F., Pulat, H., Yazıcı, Z., & Burgu İ.(1992). Ters (reverse) pasif hemaglutinasyon testi ile ishalli buzağıların gaitalarında rotavirusların tespiti. Ankara Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 39, 238-46.
• Arslan, M.Ö., Erdoğan, H.M., & Tanrıverdi S. (2003). Neonatal buzağılarda Cryptosporidiosis’in epidemiyolojisi. 13. Ulusal Parazitoloji Kongresi, Program ve Özet Kitabı; 08-12 Eylül, Konya; SB6-01, s.186.
• Ayan, A., Ural, K., Aysul, N., Gültekin, M., Erdoğan, H., Balıkçı, C., & Toros, G. (2016). Giardia duodenalis ile infekte buzağılarda doğal kist saçılımı. Journal of Advance VetBio Science and Techniques, 1(1), 14-19.
• Bal, D. (2019). Manisa yöresinde neonatal buzağı ishalleri üzerine etiyolojik araştırmalar, Yüksek lisans tezi. Afyon, Kocatepe Üniversitesi.
• Bilal, T. (2007) Yenidoğanların iç hastalıkları. İstanbul Ünv. Basım ve Yayın Evi Müdürlüğü, İstanbul; s. 158-69.
• Brook, E., Hart, C. A., French, N., & Christley, R. (2008). Prevalence and risk factors for Cryptosporidium spp. infection in young calves. Veterinary Parasitology, 152(1-2), 46-52.
• Burgu, A. (1984). Türkiye’de buzağılarda Cryptosporidium’ların bulunuğu ile ilgili ilk çalışmalar. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(03), 573-585.
• Burgu, İ., Akça, Y., Alkan, F., Özkul, A., & Karaoğlu, T. (1995). Yenidoğan ishalli buzağılarda rotavirusların electron microskopi (EM), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ve polyacrylamide gel electrophorosis (PAGE) teknikleri ile çabuk teşhisi ve antijenik karakterizasyonu. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 42, 491-498.
• Cho, Y. I., & Yoon, K. J. (2014). An overview of calf diarrhea-infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention. Journal of Veterinary Science, 15(1), 1-17.
• Clark, M.A. (1993). Bovine coronavirus. British Veterinary Journal, 149(1), 51-70.
• Çabalar, M., Kaya, A., & Arslan, S. (2007). Yeni doğan buzağıların ishal olgularında rotavirus ve coronavirus araştırılması. Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(3-4), 103-106.
• Çabalar, M., Voyvoda, H., & Sekin, S. (2000). Virologic and serologic examinations for rotaviruses in diarrhoeic calves. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 18-21.
• Çakıroğlu, D., Meral, Y., Pekmezci, D., Onuk, E.E., & Gökalp, G. (2010). Yenidoğan buzağılarda çeşitli hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler ile kolostral immun globulinler arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(1), 43-6.
• De la Fuente, R., Garcıa, A., Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria, J. A., Luzon, M., Cid, D., Garcı́a, S., & Gómez-Bautista, M. (1998). Proportional morbidity rates of enteropathogens among diarrheic dairy calves in central Spain. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 36(2), 145-152.
• Erdoğan, H.M., Ünver, A., Güneş, V., & Çitil, M. (2003). Frequency of rotavirus and coronavirus in neonatal calves in Kars district. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. 9(1), 65-68.
• Frank, N. A., & Kaneene, J. B. (1993). Management risk factors associated with calf diarrhea in Michigan dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science, 76(5), 1313-1323.
• Garcia, A., Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria, J. A., Orden, J. A., Cid, D., Sanz, R., Gómez-Bautista, M., & De La Fuente, R. (2000). Rotavirus and concurrent infections with other enteropathogens in neonatal diarrheic dairy calves in Spain. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 23(3), 175-183.
• Geletu, U. S., Usmael, M. A., & Bari, F. D. (2021). Rotavirus in calves and its zoonotic importance. Veterinary Medicine International, 1-18.
• Göncü, S., Mevliyaoğulları, E., & Koluman, N. (2013). Siyah alaca inek ve düvelerde kolostrum kalitesi ve buzağıların bağışıklık düzeyleri. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(1), 31-38.
• Göz, Y., Altug, N., Yuksek, N., & Ozkan, C. (2006). Parasites detected in neonatal and young calves with diarrhoea. Bulletin-Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 50(3), 345.
• Guerrant, R. L. (1997). Cryptosporidiosis: an emerging, highly infectious threat. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 3(1), 51-7.
• Hall GA, Jones PW, Morgan JH. Calf diarhoea. Andrews AH, Blowey RW, Boyd H, Eddy RG, (1992). Bovine Medicine Diseases and Husbandry of Cattle, 1st ed. Oxford, Blackwell Science Ltd.
• İçen, H., Arserim, N. B., Ișık, N., Özkan, C., & Kaya, A. (2013). Prevalence of four enteropathogens with immunochromatographic rapid test in the feces of diarrheic calves in east and southeast of Turkey. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 33(4), 496-99.
• Kaya, U., & Coşkun, A. (2018). Tokat Bölgesindeki neonatal buzağı ishallerinin etiyolojisinin belirlenmesi. Manas Journal of Agriculture, Veterinary and Life Science, 8(1), 75‐80.
• Khan, A., & Khan, M.Z. (1991). Aetiopathology of neonatal calf mortality. Journal of Islamic Academy of Sciences, 4(2), 159-65.
• Kozat, S. (2000). İshalli buzağılarda kristalloid (laktatli ringer) ve kolloid + kristalloid (% 6 dekstran-70 + laktatli ringer) infüzyon solüsyonlarinin rehidratasyon etkinliği. Doktora tezi. Yüzüncü Yil Üniversitesi. Van, Türkiye. Kozat, S. (2019). Yenidoğan buzağılarda kolostrum yönetiminin önemi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(3), 343-353.
• Kozat, S., & Tuncay, İ. (2018). Siirt yöresindeki yenidoğan ishalli buzağılarda Rotavirus, Coronavirus, Cryptosporidium spp, Escherichia coli K 99 ve Giardia lamblia etkenlerinin prevalansı. Van Veterinary Journal, 29(1), 17-22.
• Kuliğ, C.C., & Coşkun, A. (2019). Sivas ve ilçelerindeki neonatal ishalli buzağılarda E. coli, Cryptosporidium, Clostridium perfringens, Rotavirus ve Coronavirus Prevalansı. Turkish Veterinary Journal, 1(2), 69-73.
• Langoni, H., Linhares, A. C., Avila, F. A. D., Da Silva, A. V., & Elias, A. O. (2004). Contribution to the study of diarrhea etiology in neonate dairy calves in São Paulo state, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 41, 313-319.
• Lorenz, I., Fagan, J., & More, S. J. (2011a). Calf health from birth to weaning. II. Management of diarrhoea in pre-weaned calves. Irish Veterinary Journal, 64, 1-6.
• Lorenz, I., Mee, J. F., Earley, B., & More, S. J. (2011b). Calf health from birth to weaning. I. General aspects of disease prevention. Irish Veterinary Journal, 64(1), 1-8.
• Mark-Carew, M. P., Khan, Y., Wade, S. E., Schaaf, S., & Mohammed, H. O. (2010). Incidence of and risks associated with Giardia infections in herds on dairy farms in the New York City Watershed. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 52(1), 1-8.
• Murat, A., & Balıkçı, E. (2012). Neonatal ishalli buzağılarda rotavirus, coronavirus, E. coli K99 ve Cryptosporidium parvum'un hızlı test kitleri ile teşhisi ve enteropatojen ile maternal immünite ilişkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 24 26(2), 73-78.
• Nguyen, S. T., Nguyen, D. T., Le, D. Q., Le Hua, L. N., Van Nguyen, T., Honma, H., & Nakai, Y. (2007). Prevalence and first genetic identification of Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle in central Viet Nam. Veterinary Parasitology, 150(4), 357-361.
• O’Handley, R. M., Ceri, H., Anette, C., & Olson, M. E. (2003). Passive immunity and serological immune response in dairy calves associated with natural Giardia duodenalis infections. Veterinary Parasitology, 113(2), 89-98.
• O'Handley, R. M., & Olson, M. E. (2006). Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in ruminants. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice, 22(3), 623-643.
• Olson, M. E., Guselle, N. J., O'Handley, R. M., Swift, M. L., McAllister, T. A., Jelinski, M. D., & Morck, D. W. (1997). Giardia and Cryptosporidium in dairy calves in British Columbia. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 38(11), 703.
• Özbek, M., Özkan, C., & Altan, Y. (2024). Effect of fluid therapy and oxygen application on venous blood parameters of diarrheic calves with hyperkalemia. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 75(1), 6757-6764.
• Özer, E., Erdoğmuş, S. Z., & Köroğlu, E. (1990). Elazığ yöresinde buzağı ve kuzularda bulunan Cryptosporidium’un yayılışı üzerinde araştırmalar. Doğa Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 14, 439-445.
• Özkan, C., & Akgül, Y. (2004). Neonatal ishalli buzağılarda hematolojik, biyokimyasal ve elektrokardiyografik bulgular. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 123-129.
• Özlem, M. B., Eren, H., & Kaya, O. (1997). Aydın yöresi buzağılarında Cryptosporidium’ların varlığının araştırılması. Bornova Vet Kontr Araşt Enst Md Derg, 22(36), 15-22.
• Radostits OM, Blood DC, Gay CC. (1994). Veterinary medicine. A textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses. 8th ed. Bailliere Tindall Ltd.
• Rodger, S. M., Bishop, R. F., & Holmes, I. H. (1982). Detection of a rotavirus-like agent associated with diarrhea in an infant. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 16(4), 724-726.
• Sahal, M., Karaer, Z., Cizmeci, S., & Tanyel, B. (2005). Cryptosporidiosis in newborn calves in Ankara region: clinical, haematological findings and treatment with Lasalocid-NA. DTW. Deutsche tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 112(6), 203-8.
• Saklı, G.U. (2017). İshalli buzağı dışkılarında sığır coronavirusu ve sığır rotavirusunun hızlı tanı kiti ve RT-PCR ile araştırılması. [Doktora Tezi]. SÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya .
• Sanford, S. E., & Josephson, G. K. A. (1982). Bovine cryptosporidiosis: clinical and pathological findings in forty-two scouring neonatal calves. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 23(12), 343.
• Sarı, B., Aktaş, M. S., & Arslan, M. Ö. (2008). Erzurum yöresinde buzağılarda Cryptosporidium türlerinin prevalansı. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 32(2), 116-119.
• Snodgrass, D. R., Fahey, K. J., Wells, P. W., Campbell, I., & Whitelaw, A. (1980). Passive immunity in calf rotavirus infections: maternal vaccination increases and prolongs immunoglobulin G1 antibody secretion in milk. Infection and Immunity, 28(2), 344-349.
• Snodgrass, D.R., Terzolo, H.R., Sherwood, D., Campell, I., Menzies, J.D. (1986). Aetiology of diarrhoea in young calves. Vet Rec. 119(2), 31-4.
• Şen, İ., Güzelbekteş, H., &Yıldız, R. (2013). Neonatal buzağı ishalleri, Patofizyoloji, epidemiyoloji, klinik, tedavi ve koruma. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci 4(1), 71-8.
• Şimşek, A. T., İnci, A., Yıldırım, A., Çiloğlu, A., Bişkin, Z., & Düzlü, Ö. (2012). Nevşehir yöresindeki yeni doğan ishalli buzağılarda cryptosporidiosis’ in real time PCR ve Nested PCR yöntemleri ile saptanması. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 9(2), 79-87.
• Taş, Ş., & Kozat S. (2023). Muş ve İlçelerinde Yenidoğan İshalli Buzağılarda Rotavirus, Coronavirus, Cryptosporidium spp., Escherichia coli K99 ve Clostridium perfringens Etkenlerinin Prevalansı. Van Veterinary Journal, 34(2), 86-92.
• Uzlu, E., Karapehlivan, M., Çitil, M., Gökçe, E., & Erdoğan, H. M. (2010). İshal semptomu belirlenen buzağılarda serum sialik asit ile bazı biyokimyasal parametrelerin araştırılması. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 83-86.
• Walker, P. G., Constable, P. D., Morin, D. E., Drackley, J. K., Foreman, J. H., & Thurmon, J. C. (1998). A reliable, practical, and economical protocol for inducing diarrhea and severe dehydration in the neonatal calf. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 62(3), 205.
• Waltner-Toews, D., Martin, S. W., & Meek, A. H. (1986). The effect of early calfhood health status on survivorship and age at first calving. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 50(3), 314.
• Woode, G. N., Reed, D. E., Runnels, P. L., Herrig, M. A., & Hill, H. T. (1982). Studies with an unclassified virus isolated from diarrheic calves. Veterinary Microbiology, 7(3), 221-240.
• Wudu, T., Kelay, B., Mekonnen, H.M., &Tesfu, K. (2008). Calf morbidity and mortality in smallholder dairy farms in Ada’a Liben district of Oromia, Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 40(5), 369-76.
• Yılmaz, N., & Akgül, Y. (2014). İmmünglobulinler ve septisemi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(1-2), 33-42.