Hypothermia in Newborn Calves

Yıl 2018, , 30 - 37, 30.04.2018

Süleyman Kozat

https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.409147

Cited By: 9

Öz

One of the most important losses in animal husbandry is yield loss of neonatal calves. The first hour of birth and life in newborn neonatal is very important for the survival of life. According to the results of the research, it is reported that the mortality rates of the calves are higher in the beginning of spring and in the winter season. Approximately 50 to 53% of calf defects in the neonatal period occur at birth or within two days of life. The most important cause of calf’s losses is the formation of hypothermia in newborns because of the temperature of the environment is much lower than body temperature of calf, the change of air temperature (cold air and strong wind), the calf wetness and the lack of thermoregulation. In this review, detailed information about causes of hypothermia, treatment and prevention of neonatal calf defects will be provided.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Calf, Newborn, , Hypothermia

Kaynakça

• Alexander, G., Bennett, J. W., & Gemmell, R. T. (1975). Brown adipose tissue in the new‐born calf (Bos taurus). Journal Physioology, 244(1), 223-234. Azzam, S. M., Kinder, J. E., Nielsen, M. K., Werth, L. A., Gregory, K. E., Cundiff, L. V., & Koch, R. M. (1993). Environmental effects on neonatal mortality of beef calves. Journal of Animal Science ,71(2), 282-290. Barrier, A. C., Haskell, M. J., Birch, S., Bagnall, A., Bell, D. J., Dickinson, J., & Dwyer, C. M. (2013). The impact of dystocia on dairy calf health, welfare, performance and survival. Veterinary Journa, 195(1), 86-90. Bellows, R. A. (1993, 6-7 December). Factors affecting calving difficulty. Paper presented at the Range Beef Cow Symposium XIII, Cheyenne, US. Bellows, R.A. (1997, 9-11 December ). Factors affecting calf survival. Paper presented at the Range Beef Cow Symposium XV, South Dakota, US. Besser, T. E., Szenci, O., & Gay, C. C. (1990). Decreased colostral immunoglobulin absorption in calves with postnatal respiratory acidosis. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association , 196(8), 1239-1243. Borderas, F. T., De Passillé, A. M. B., & Rushen, J. (2009). Temperature preferences and feed level of the newborn dairy calf. Applied Animal Behaviour Science , 120(1), 56-61. Bruning-Fann, C., & Kaneene, J. B. (1992). Environmental and management risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality in perinatal and pre-weaning calves: a review from an epidemiological perspective. Veterinary Bulletin, 62(5), 399-413. Bull, R. C. (1983, 6-7 December). Cow nutrition and calf survival. Paper presented at the Range Beef Cow Symposium XIII, Cheyenne, US. Butler, L., Daly, R., & Wright, C. ( 2006). Cold stress and newborn calves. Retrived from: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/extension_extra/73 Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. A. N. (2004). Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Physiological Reviews , 84(1), 277-359. Carstens, G. E., Johnson, D. E., Holland, M. D., & Odde, K. G. (1987). Effects of prepartum protein nutrition and birth weight on basal metabolism in bovine neonates.  Journal of Animal Science , 65(3), 745-751 Carstens, G. E. (1994). Cold thermoregulation in the newborn calf. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice , 10(1), 69-106.
• Davicco, M. J., Vigouroux, E., Dardillat, C., & Barlet, J. P. (1982). Thyroxine, triiodothyronine and iodide in different breeds of newborn calves. Reproduction Nutrition Development , 22(2), 355-362.
• Drost, M. (1980). Perinatal care of the calf. In D. A. Morrow, (Ed.), Current therapy in theriogenology, (pp. 274-285). Philadelphia, US: W. B. Saunders.
• Godden, S. (2008). Colostrum management for dairy calves. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 24(1), 19-39.
• Griffen, W. O., Castaneda, A., Nicoloff, D. M., Stone, N. H., & Wangensteen, O. H. (1960). Influence of local hypothermia on absorption from isolated intestinal segments. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 103(4), 757-759.
• Hammon, H. M., Steinhoff-Wagner, J., Schönhusen, U., Metges, C. C., & Blum, J. W. (2012). Energy metabolism in the newborn farm animal with emphasis on the calf: Endocrine changes and responses to milk-born and systemic hormones. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 43(2), 171-185 . Holland, M. D., & Odde, K. G. (1992). Factors affecting calf birth weight: a review. Theriogenology, 38(5), 769-798.
• Holmes, C. W., & McLean, N. A. (1975). Effects of air temperature and air movement on the heat produced by young Friesian and Jersey calves, with some measurements of the effects of artificial rain. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 18(3), 277-284.
• Howard, J. L. (1993). Current veterinary therapy 3: Food animal practice. Philadelphia, US: W. B. Saunders.
• Kasari, T. R. (1994). Weakness in the newborn calf. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice,10(1), 167-180.
• Lammoglia, M. A., Bellows, R. A., Grings, E. E., Bergman, J. W., Short, R. E., & MacNeil, M. D. (1999). Effects of feeding beef females supplemental fat during gestation on cold tolerance in newborn calves. Journal of Animal Science, 77(4), 824-834.
• Laster, D. B., & Gregory, K. E. (1973). Factors Influencing peri-and early postnatal calf mortality. Journal of Animal Science, 37(5), 1092-1097.
• Lombard, J. E., Garry, F. B., Tomlinson, S. M., & Garber, L. P. (2007). Impacts of dystocia on health and survival of dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(4), 1751-1760.
• Martin, S.W., Schwabe, C.W., & Franti, C.E. (1975). Dairy calf mortality rate: influence of meteorologic factors on calf mortality rate in Tulare County, California. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 36(08), 1105-1109.
• Mattson, M. P. (2010). Perspective: Does brown fat protect against diseases of aging? Ageing Research Reviews, 9(1), 69-76.
• Murray, C. F., & Leslie, K. E. (2013). Newborn calf vitality: Risk factors, characteristics, assessment, resulting outcomes and strategies for improvement. Veterinary Journal, 198(2), 322-328.
• Nagy, D. W. (2009). Resuscitation and critical care of neonatal calves. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 25(1), 1-11.
• Odde, K. C. (1988). Survival of the neonatal calf. Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 4(3), 501-508.
• Olson, D. P., Papasian, C. J., & Ritter, R. C. (1980). The effects of cold stress on neonatal calves. II. Absorption of colostral immunoglobulins. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine, 44(1), 19-23.
• Olson, D. P., Ritter, R. C., Papasian, C. J., & Gutenberger, S. (1981). Sympathoadrenal and adrenal hormonal responses of newborn calves to hypothermia. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine, 45(3), 321.
• Rawson, R. E., Dziuk, H. E., Good, A. L., Anderson, J. F., Bates, D. W., Ruth, G. R., & Serfass, R. C. (1989). Health and metabolic responses of young calves housed at-30 degrees C to-8 degrees. Canadian journal of Veterinary Research, 53(3), 268-274.
• Roy, J. H. B., Huffman, C. F., & Reineke, E. P. (1957). The basal metabolism of the newborn calf. British Journal of Nutrition, 11, 373-381.
• Stanko, R.L., Guthrie, M.J., Chase, C.C., & Randel, R.D. (1992). Effects of exogenous glucose or colostrum on body temperature, plasma glucose, and serum insulin in cold-stressed, newborn Brahman calves. Journal of Animal Science , 70(10), 3007-3013.
• Stott, G. H., Wiersma, F., Menefee, B. E., & Radwanski, F. R. (1976). Influence of environment on passive immunity in calves, Journal of Dairy Science, 59(7), 1306-1311.
• Thompson, G. E., & Clough, D. P. (1970). Temperature regulation in the new-born ox (Bos taurus). Neonatology, 15(1-2), 19-25.
• Torell, R., Kvasnicka, B., & Bruce, B. (1998). Care of hypothermic (cold stressed) newborn beef calves. Retrived from https://www.unce.unr.edu/publications/files/ag/other/cl788.pdf
• Uetake, K. (2013). Newborn calf welfare: A review focusing on mortality rates. Journal of Animal Science , 84(2), 101-105.
• Vermorel, M., Vernet, J., Dardillat, C., Demigne, C., & Davicco, M.J. (1989). Energy metabolism and thermoregulation in the newborn calf; effect of calving conditions. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 69(1), 113-122.
• Waltner-Toews, D., Martin, S. W., & Meek, A. H. (1986). Dairy calf management, morbidity and mortality in Ontario Holstein herds. IV. Association of management with mortality. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 4(2), 159-171.
• Warnes, D. M., Seamark, R. F., & Ballard, F. J. (1977). The appearance of gluconeogenesis at birth in sheep. Activation of the pathway associated with blood oxygenation. Biochememical Journal,162(3), 627-634.
• Webster, A. J. F., Chlumecky, J., & Young, B. A. (1970). Effects of cold environments on the energy exchanges of young beef cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 50(1), 89-100.
• Wiltbank, J. N., Warwick, E. J., Vernon, E. H., & Priode, B. M. (1961). Factors affecting net calf crop in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 20(3), 409-415.