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The Effective Factors on Microbial Load of Air in Food Plant and Air Sampling Techniques

Yıl 2007, Sayı: 2, 24 - 47, 07.06.2007

Öz

Air is one of the most important elements for life.
Outsider materials in air (e.g dust-sold particles, plant powders, and wool and
cotton fibers) contaminate the air via wind and air flow as minute particles.
Microorganisms can also be found in air either bounded to these materials or
independently. Some of these microorganisms can lead to diseases. If it is
considered that air is everywhere, especially in food factories, the risk of
microbial contamination is at very high levels for foods without coverings.
While microbial contamination causes important losses for companies, it also
affects the health of the personnel working in those companies. Contaminated
foods do not only damage national economy but also it is a threat to public
health. Therefore, microbial load in air in food plants is very important for
food hygiene and public health. In this review, effective factors on microbial
load of air in food plant and air sampling techniques were mentioned. 

Kaynakça

  • 1-Çöplü, N.: Afyon çay selüloz fabrikasında havanın mikrobiyolojik analizi. Türk Hij.Den.Biol.Derg., 1999; 56(2):87-90.
  • 2-Cundith, C.; Kerth, C.R.; Jones, W.R.; Mc Caskey, T.A.; Kuhlers, D.L.: Air-cleaning system effectiveness for control of airborne microbes in a meat-processing plant. J.Food Sci., 2002; 67(3):1170-1174, 2002.
  • 3-Nunes, Z.G.; Martins, A.S.; Altoe, A.L.F.; Nishikawa, M.M.; Leite, M.O.; Aguiar, P.F; Fracalanzza, S.E.L.: Indoor air microbiological evaluation of offices, hospitals, industries and shopping centers. Mem.Inst.Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2005; 100(4):351-357.
  • 4-Çobanoğlu, N.; Pekcan, S.; Aslan, A.; Kiper, N.: Solunan havada tehlikeler. Astım Allerji İmmünoloji, 2005; 3(2):77-85.
  • 5-Ljungquist, B. ve Reinmüller, B.: Interaction between air movements and the dispersion of conteminants clean zones with unidirectional air flow. J.Parent Sci.Tech., 1993; 47, 60-69. 6-Wirtanen, G., Miettinen, H., Pahkala, S., Seppo, E. ve Liisa, V.-C.: Clear air solutions in food processing. VTT Publications, 2002:309, 47p.
  • 7-Salustiano, S.C., Andrade, N.L., Brandao, S.C.C., Azeredo, R.M.C. ve Lima, S.A.K.: Microbiological air quality of processing areas in a dairy plant as evaluated by the sedimentation technique and a one-stage air sampler. Br. J.Microbiol., 2003; 34, 255-259
  • 8-Kang, Y.J. ve Frank, J.F.: Biological aerosols:a rewiew of airborne contamination and its measurement in dairy processing plants. J. Food Prot., 1989a; 52, 512-524.
  • 9-Kang, Y.J ve Frank, J.F.: Evaluation of air samplers for recovery of biological aerosols in dairy processing plants. J. Food Prot, 1989b; 52, 665-659.
  • 10-Lutgring, K.R., Linton, R.H., Zimmerman, N.J., Peugh, M. ve Heber, A.J.: Distribution and Quantification of bioaerosols in poultry slaughtering plants. 1997; J.Food Prot., 60, 804-810.
  • 11-Lee, S.C., Li, W.M. ve Chan, L.Y.: Indoor air quality at restaurants with differnt styles of cooking in metropolitan Hong Kong. The Science of Total Environment, 2001; 12; 279 (1-3), 181-193.
  • 12-Jaffal, A.A.; Banat, I.M.; El Magheth, A.A.; Nranze, H.; Bener, A.; Ameen, A.S.: Residential indoor airborne microbial populations in the United Arab Emirates. Environ.Int., 1997; 23(4):529-533.
  • 13-Bayer, C.W.; Crow,S.A.; Fischer, J.: Causes of indoor air quality problems in school. 2000;
  • US Dept.Energy, ORNL/M-6633/R1.
  • 14-Çobanoğlu, N. ve Kiper, N.: Bina içi solunan havada tehlikeler. Çocuk Sağ.Hast.Derg., 2006; 49:71-75.
  • 15-Al-Dagal, M.M.O.: A case study of the influence of microbial quality of air on product shelf life in a meat processing plant, Dairy Food Environ.Sanitat., 1992; 12, 69-70.
  • 16-Fiedler, K.; Schütz, E.; Geh, S.: Detection of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) produced by moulds on various materials. Int.J.Hyg.Environ.Health, 2001; 204:111-121, 2001. 17-Lin, W.-.H ve Li, C.-S.: Associations of fungal aerosols, air pollutans, and meteorological factors. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2000; 32, 359-368.
  • 18- Seltzer, J.M.: Biologic Contaminants. In: Seltzer, J.M., ed. Occupational medicine: state of the art reviews, effects of the indoor environment. Philadelphia, PA; Hanley & Belfus, 1995;
  • 10(1):30.
  • 19-Platts-Mills, T.A.E.ve Weck, A.L.: Dust mite allergens and asthma – A worldwide problem. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1989; 83(2). 416-422
  • 20-Holah, J.T., Rogers, S.J., Holder, J., Hall, K.E., Taylor, J. ve Brown, K.L.: The evaluation of air disinfection systems. Campden&Chorleywood Food Research Association, 1995; R&D Report No.13.1-22.
  • 21-Crook, B. ve Olenchock, S.A.: Industrial workplaces. In: Cox, C.S., Wathes,C.M.,eds.
  • Bioaerosols Handbook, CRC Press., 1995; Boca Raton, FL, pp. 531–545.
  • 22-Brown, K.L.: Evaluation of Risks of Airborne Contamination of Food Products. Campden&Chorleywood Research Association, 2001; R&D Report No. 148.
  • 23-Brown, K.L.: Guidelines on air quality standards for the food industry,
  • Campden&Chorleywood Food Research Association, 1996; Guideline No:12,143p.
  • 24-Sawyer, B., Elenbogen, G., Rao, K.C., O’Brien, P., Zenz, D.R. ve Lue-Hing, C.: Bacterial aerosol emission rates from municipal wastewater aeration tanks. Applied and Environmental
  • Microbiology, 1993; 59(10), 3183–3186.
  • 26-Stersky , A.K., Heldman, D.R. ve Hedrick, T.I.: Viability of airborne Salmonella newbrunswick under various conditions. Journal of Dairy Science, 1972; 55, 14-18.
  • 27-Griffiths, W.D ve De Cosemo, G.A.L.: The assesment of bioaerosols: a critical reviews. Journal of Aerosol Science, 1994; 25, 1425-1458.
  • 28-Kowalski, W.J. ve Bahnfleth, W. (1998). Airborne respiratory disease and mechanical systems for control of microbes. HPAC Eng., 1998; 70, 34-48.
  • 29-Fischer, G.; Dott, W.: Relevance of airborne fungi and their secondary metabolites for environmental, occupational and indoor hygiene. Arch.Microbiol., 2003; 179:75-82, 2003. 30-Curtis, L., Lieberman, A., Stark, M., Rea, W. ve Vetter, M.: Adverse health effects of indoor molds, J.Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, 2004; 14(3), 261-274.
  • 31-Adhikari, A.; Reponen, T.; Lee, S.-A.; Grinshpun, S.A.: Assessment of human exposure to airborne fungi in agricultural confinements : Personel inhalable sampling versus stationary sampling. Ann.Agric.Environ.Med., 2004; 11:269-277.
  • 32-Aşan, A., İlhan, S., Şen, B., Erkara, İ.P., Filik, C. ve Çabuk, A.: Airborne fungi and actinomycetes concentrations in the air of Eskişehir City (Turkey), Indoor and Built Environment, 2004; 13, 63-74.
  • 33-Beijer, L., Thorn, J. ve Raylender, R.: Mould exposure at home relates to inflammatory markers in blood. European Respiratory Journal, 2003; 21, 317-322
  • 34-Wirtanen, G. ve Salo, S.: Hygiene Control in Nordic Dairies. VTT Publications. 2004; 545, 253 p.
  • 35-Curiel, G.J., van Eijk,H.M.J., Lelieveld,H.L.M.: Process Hygiene. Risk and Control of
  • Airborne Contamination. In: Robinson,R.K., Batt,C.A., Patel,P., eds. Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, New York, Academic Press,Inc., 1999; 2372p.
  • 36-Stetzenbach, L.D., Buttner, M.P., Cruz, P.: Detection and enumaration of airborne biocontaminants. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2004; 15, 170-174.
  • 37-Fung, D.Y.C.: Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 2002; 1:3-6.
  • 38-Bintsis, T., Litopoulou-Tzanetaki, E. ve Robinson, R.K.: Existing and potential applications of ultraviolet light in the food industry a critical review, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , 2000; 80, 637-645.
  • 39-Heidelberg, J.F., Shahamat, M., Levin, M., Rahman, I., Stelma, G., Grim, C.: Effect of aerosolization on culturability and viability of gram-negative bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1997; 63, 3585-3588.
  • 40-Lighthart, B.: The ecology of bacteria in the alfresco atmoshpere. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 1997; 23, 263-274.
  • 41-Lund, F.: Direct identification of the common cheese contaminant Penicillium commune in factory airsamples as on aid to factory hygiene. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 1996; 22, 339341
  • 42-Kildeso, J. ve Nielsen, B.H.: Exposure assessment of airborne microorganisms by fluorescence microscopy and image processing. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 1997; 41, 201216.
  • 43-Terzieva, S., Donnelly, J., Ulevicius, V., Grinshpun, S.A., Willeke, K., Stelma, G.N.: Comparison of methods for detection and enumaration of airborne microorganisms collected by liquid impingement. Applied Environment Microbiology, 1996; 62, 2264-2272.
  • 44-Wirtanen, G., Salo, S., Maukonen, J., Bredhold, S.A. ve Mattila-Sandholm, T.: Nordfood sanitation in dairies. VTT Publications, 1997; 309, 47p.
  • 45-Alvarez, A.J., Buttner, M.P. ve Stetzenbach, L.D.: PCR for Bioaerosol Monitoring:Sensitivity and Environmental İnterference, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1995; 61, 36393644.
Yıl 2007, Sayı: 2, 24 - 47, 07.06.2007

Öz

Kaynakça

  • 1-Çöplü, N.: Afyon çay selüloz fabrikasında havanın mikrobiyolojik analizi. Türk Hij.Den.Biol.Derg., 1999; 56(2):87-90.
  • 2-Cundith, C.; Kerth, C.R.; Jones, W.R.; Mc Caskey, T.A.; Kuhlers, D.L.: Air-cleaning system effectiveness for control of airborne microbes in a meat-processing plant. J.Food Sci., 2002; 67(3):1170-1174, 2002.
  • 3-Nunes, Z.G.; Martins, A.S.; Altoe, A.L.F.; Nishikawa, M.M.; Leite, M.O.; Aguiar, P.F; Fracalanzza, S.E.L.: Indoor air microbiological evaluation of offices, hospitals, industries and shopping centers. Mem.Inst.Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2005; 100(4):351-357.
  • 4-Çobanoğlu, N.; Pekcan, S.; Aslan, A.; Kiper, N.: Solunan havada tehlikeler. Astım Allerji İmmünoloji, 2005; 3(2):77-85.
  • 5-Ljungquist, B. ve Reinmüller, B.: Interaction between air movements and the dispersion of conteminants clean zones with unidirectional air flow. J.Parent Sci.Tech., 1993; 47, 60-69. 6-Wirtanen, G., Miettinen, H., Pahkala, S., Seppo, E. ve Liisa, V.-C.: Clear air solutions in food processing. VTT Publications, 2002:309, 47p.
  • 7-Salustiano, S.C., Andrade, N.L., Brandao, S.C.C., Azeredo, R.M.C. ve Lima, S.A.K.: Microbiological air quality of processing areas in a dairy plant as evaluated by the sedimentation technique and a one-stage air sampler. Br. J.Microbiol., 2003; 34, 255-259
  • 8-Kang, Y.J. ve Frank, J.F.: Biological aerosols:a rewiew of airborne contamination and its measurement in dairy processing plants. J. Food Prot., 1989a; 52, 512-524.
  • 9-Kang, Y.J ve Frank, J.F.: Evaluation of air samplers for recovery of biological aerosols in dairy processing plants. J. Food Prot, 1989b; 52, 665-659.
  • 10-Lutgring, K.R., Linton, R.H., Zimmerman, N.J., Peugh, M. ve Heber, A.J.: Distribution and Quantification of bioaerosols in poultry slaughtering plants. 1997; J.Food Prot., 60, 804-810.
  • 11-Lee, S.C., Li, W.M. ve Chan, L.Y.: Indoor air quality at restaurants with differnt styles of cooking in metropolitan Hong Kong. The Science of Total Environment, 2001; 12; 279 (1-3), 181-193.
  • 12-Jaffal, A.A.; Banat, I.M.; El Magheth, A.A.; Nranze, H.; Bener, A.; Ameen, A.S.: Residential indoor airborne microbial populations in the United Arab Emirates. Environ.Int., 1997; 23(4):529-533.
  • 13-Bayer, C.W.; Crow,S.A.; Fischer, J.: Causes of indoor air quality problems in school. 2000;
  • US Dept.Energy, ORNL/M-6633/R1.
  • 14-Çobanoğlu, N. ve Kiper, N.: Bina içi solunan havada tehlikeler. Çocuk Sağ.Hast.Derg., 2006; 49:71-75.
  • 15-Al-Dagal, M.M.O.: A case study of the influence of microbial quality of air on product shelf life in a meat processing plant, Dairy Food Environ.Sanitat., 1992; 12, 69-70.
  • 16-Fiedler, K.; Schütz, E.; Geh, S.: Detection of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) produced by moulds on various materials. Int.J.Hyg.Environ.Health, 2001; 204:111-121, 2001. 17-Lin, W.-.H ve Li, C.-S.: Associations of fungal aerosols, air pollutans, and meteorological factors. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2000; 32, 359-368.
  • 18- Seltzer, J.M.: Biologic Contaminants. In: Seltzer, J.M., ed. Occupational medicine: state of the art reviews, effects of the indoor environment. Philadelphia, PA; Hanley & Belfus, 1995;
  • 10(1):30.
  • 19-Platts-Mills, T.A.E.ve Weck, A.L.: Dust mite allergens and asthma – A worldwide problem. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1989; 83(2). 416-422
  • 20-Holah, J.T., Rogers, S.J., Holder, J., Hall, K.E., Taylor, J. ve Brown, K.L.: The evaluation of air disinfection systems. Campden&Chorleywood Food Research Association, 1995; R&D Report No.13.1-22.
  • 21-Crook, B. ve Olenchock, S.A.: Industrial workplaces. In: Cox, C.S., Wathes,C.M.,eds.
  • Bioaerosols Handbook, CRC Press., 1995; Boca Raton, FL, pp. 531–545.
  • 22-Brown, K.L.: Evaluation of Risks of Airborne Contamination of Food Products. Campden&Chorleywood Research Association, 2001; R&D Report No. 148.
  • 23-Brown, K.L.: Guidelines on air quality standards for the food industry,
  • Campden&Chorleywood Food Research Association, 1996; Guideline No:12,143p.
  • 24-Sawyer, B., Elenbogen, G., Rao, K.C., O’Brien, P., Zenz, D.R. ve Lue-Hing, C.: Bacterial aerosol emission rates from municipal wastewater aeration tanks. Applied and Environmental
  • Microbiology, 1993; 59(10), 3183–3186.
  • 26-Stersky , A.K., Heldman, D.R. ve Hedrick, T.I.: Viability of airborne Salmonella newbrunswick under various conditions. Journal of Dairy Science, 1972; 55, 14-18.
  • 27-Griffiths, W.D ve De Cosemo, G.A.L.: The assesment of bioaerosols: a critical reviews. Journal of Aerosol Science, 1994; 25, 1425-1458.
  • 28-Kowalski, W.J. ve Bahnfleth, W. (1998). Airborne respiratory disease and mechanical systems for control of microbes. HPAC Eng., 1998; 70, 34-48.
  • 29-Fischer, G.; Dott, W.: Relevance of airborne fungi and their secondary metabolites for environmental, occupational and indoor hygiene. Arch.Microbiol., 2003; 179:75-82, 2003. 30-Curtis, L., Lieberman, A., Stark, M., Rea, W. ve Vetter, M.: Adverse health effects of indoor molds, J.Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, 2004; 14(3), 261-274.
  • 31-Adhikari, A.; Reponen, T.; Lee, S.-A.; Grinshpun, S.A.: Assessment of human exposure to airborne fungi in agricultural confinements : Personel inhalable sampling versus stationary sampling. Ann.Agric.Environ.Med., 2004; 11:269-277.
  • 32-Aşan, A., İlhan, S., Şen, B., Erkara, İ.P., Filik, C. ve Çabuk, A.: Airborne fungi and actinomycetes concentrations in the air of Eskişehir City (Turkey), Indoor and Built Environment, 2004; 13, 63-74.
  • 33-Beijer, L., Thorn, J. ve Raylender, R.: Mould exposure at home relates to inflammatory markers in blood. European Respiratory Journal, 2003; 21, 317-322
  • 34-Wirtanen, G. ve Salo, S.: Hygiene Control in Nordic Dairies. VTT Publications. 2004; 545, 253 p.
  • 35-Curiel, G.J., van Eijk,H.M.J., Lelieveld,H.L.M.: Process Hygiene. Risk and Control of
  • Airborne Contamination. In: Robinson,R.K., Batt,C.A., Patel,P., eds. Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, New York, Academic Press,Inc., 1999; 2372p.
  • 36-Stetzenbach, L.D., Buttner, M.P., Cruz, P.: Detection and enumaration of airborne biocontaminants. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2004; 15, 170-174.
  • 37-Fung, D.Y.C.: Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 2002; 1:3-6.
  • 38-Bintsis, T., Litopoulou-Tzanetaki, E. ve Robinson, R.K.: Existing and potential applications of ultraviolet light in the food industry a critical review, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , 2000; 80, 637-645.
  • 39-Heidelberg, J.F., Shahamat, M., Levin, M., Rahman, I., Stelma, G., Grim, C.: Effect of aerosolization on culturability and viability of gram-negative bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1997; 63, 3585-3588.
  • 40-Lighthart, B.: The ecology of bacteria in the alfresco atmoshpere. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 1997; 23, 263-274.
  • 41-Lund, F.: Direct identification of the common cheese contaminant Penicillium commune in factory airsamples as on aid to factory hygiene. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 1996; 22, 339341
  • 42-Kildeso, J. ve Nielsen, B.H.: Exposure assessment of airborne microorganisms by fluorescence microscopy and image processing. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 1997; 41, 201216.
  • 43-Terzieva, S., Donnelly, J., Ulevicius, V., Grinshpun, S.A., Willeke, K., Stelma, G.N.: Comparison of methods for detection and enumaration of airborne microorganisms collected by liquid impingement. Applied Environment Microbiology, 1996; 62, 2264-2272.
  • 44-Wirtanen, G., Salo, S., Maukonen, J., Bredhold, S.A. ve Mattila-Sandholm, T.: Nordfood sanitation in dairies. VTT Publications, 1997; 309, 47p.
  • 45-Alvarez, A.J., Buttner, M.P. ve Stetzenbach, L.D.: PCR for Bioaerosol Monitoring:Sensitivity and Environmental İnterference, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1995; 61, 36393644.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

B.Gökçe Çöl Bu kişi benim

Harun Aksu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 7 Haziran 2007
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2007 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çöl, B., & Aksu, H. (2007). The Effective Factors on Microbial Load of Air in Food Plant and Air Sampling Techniques. Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences(2), 24-47.

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