The evaluation of prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity in cats from some private veterinary clinics in Istanbul, Turkey

Yıl 2020, Vetexpo-2019, KHVD-2019, 35 - 35, 31.03.2020

Neşe Kocabağlı Müjdat Alp Bülent Ekiz Halil Can Kutay Onur Keser Banu Dokuzeylül

Öz

Overweight and obesity in cats is known as one of the most common welfare issues. According to various
studies, many risk factors such as age, breed, gender, neutering, food type, inactivity, diseases etc. played
role in this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between potential risk factors
and overweight or obesity in cats. A total of 264 cats were evaluated in the study and dataset related age,
breed, sex, neutering status, exercise status, food type, disease category and BCS were obtained from
several veterinary clinics by using a standardized questionnaire. Chi-square test was used for comparing
subgroups of potential risk factors in terms of prevalence of overweight or obese cats. Univariable analysis
was performed to determine associations between being overweight/obese and possible risk factors. A
multivariable analysis was performed to determine the most important risk factor among variables
investigated in the study. Statistical analysis of dataset showed that BCS of 5 was the most common score
(29.17%), followed by score 6 (18.56%). Prevalence of overweight or obese cats (BCS ≥ 7) was 18.56%
and it was higher in age groups 3 (5-8 years old) (27.50%) and 4 (9-14 years old) (22.73%) than in age
group 1 (≤1 years old) (4.65%). It was also higher in SA and SNA cats than cats whose exercise was not
recommended (P<0.05). There was a tendency towards the association of sex (P=0.055) and neutering
status (P=0.068) with being overweight or obese. Male cats were 1.95 times more likely to be overweight
and obese than female ones. Neutered cats were also more likely to be overweight and obese than intact
cats. Breed differences, food type and disease category had no significant effect on being overweight or
obese.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Overweight, obesity, cat, prevalence

Kaynakça

• Allan, F., Pfeiffer, D., Jones, B., Esselmont, D., & Wiseman, M. (2000). A cross-sectional study of risk factors for obesity in cats in New Zealand. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 46, 183-196. Bermingham, E. N., Thomas, D. G., Morris, P. J., & Hawthorne, A. J. (2010). Energu requirements of adult cats. British Journal of Nutrition, 103, 1083-1093. Bjornvad, C. R., Nielsen, D. H., Armstrong, P. J., McEvoy, F., Hoelmkjaer, K. M., Jensen, K. S., Pedersen, G. F., & Kristensen, A. T. (2011). Evaluation of a ninebody condition scoring system in physically inactive pet cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 72, 433-437. Cave, N. J., Allan, F. J., Schokkenbroek, S. L., Metekohy, C. A., & Pfeiffer, D. U. (2012). A cross-sectional study to compare changes in the prevalence and risk factors for feline obesity between 1993 and 2007 in New Zealand. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 107, 121-133. Colliard, L., Paragon, B., Lemuet, B., Bénet, J., & Blanchard, G. (2009). Prevalence and risk factors of obesity in an urban population of healthy cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 11, 135-140. Corbee, R. J. (2014). Obesity in Show cats. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 98, 1075-1080. Courcier, E. A., Mellor, D. J., Pendlebury, E., Evans, C., & Yam, P. S. (2012). An investigation into the epidemiolohy of feline obesity in Great Britain: Results of a cross-sectional study of 47 companion animal practises. Veterinary Record, 171, 560. Courcier, E. A., O’Higgins, R., Mellor, D. J., & Yam, P. S. (2010). Prevalence and risk Factors for feline obesity in a first opinion practice in Glasgow, Scotland. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 12, 746-753. Fettman, M. J., Stanton, C. A., Banks, L. L., Johnson, D. E., Hamar, D. W., Hegstad, R. L., & Johnston, S. (1998). Effects of weight gain and loss on metabolic rate, glucose tolerance, and serum lipids in domestic cats. Research in Veterinary Science, 64, 11-96. Flynn, M. F., Hardie, E. M., & Armstrong, P. J. (1996). Effect of ovariohysterectomy on maintenance energy requirement in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 209, 1572-1581. German, A. J. (2006). The growing problem of obesity in dogs and cats. The Journal of Nutrition, 136, 1940-1946. German, A. J., Holden, S. L., Moxham, G. L., Holmes, K. L., Hackett, R. M., & Rawlings, J. M. (2006). A simple, reliabletool for owners to assess the body conditionof their dog or cat. Journal of Nutrition, 136, 2031S-2033S. German, A. J., Ryan, A. H., German, A. C., Wood, I. S., & Trayhurn, P. (2010). Obesity, its associated disorders and the role of inflammatory adipokines in companion animals. Veterinary Journal, 185, 4-9. Hoenig, M., & Ferguson, D. C. (2002). Effects of neutering on hormonal concentrations and energy requirements in cats. American Journal of Veterinary Medical Research, 63: 634-639. Kienzle, E., & Bergler, R. (2006). Human-animal relationship of owners of normal and overweight cats. Journal of Nutrition, 136, 1947S-1950S. Kocabağlı, N., Kutay, H. C., Dokuzeylül, B., Süer, İ. N. E., Alp, M. (2017). The analysis of computer data regarding obesity and associated diseases in cats examined at private veterinary practices. Acta Scientiae Vterinariae, 45, 1506. Kronfeld, D. S., Donoghue, S., & Glickman, L. T. (1994). Body condition of cats. Journal of Nutrition, 124, 2683S. Laflamme, D. (1997). Development and validationof a body condition score system for cats: A clinical tool. Feline Practice, 25, 13-18. Laflamme, D. P. (2012). Companion animals symposium: Obesity in dogs and cats: What is wrong with being fat? Journal of Animal Science, 90, 1653-1662. Linder, D., & Mueller, M. (2014). Pet obesity management: Beyond nutrition. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 44, 789-806. Lund, E. M., Armstrong, P.J., Kirk, C. A., & Klausner, J. S. (2005). Prevalence and risk factors for obesity in adult catsfrom private US veterinary practices. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 3, 88-96. McGreevy, P., Thomson, P., Pride, C., Fawcett, A., Grassi, T., & Jones, B. (2008). Overweight or obese cats presented to Australian veterinary practices, risk factors and prevalence. Australian Veterinary Practitioner, 38, 98-107. Michel, K., & Scherk, M. (2012). From problem to success: Feline weight loss programs that work. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 14, 327-336. Mitsuhashi, Y., Chamberlin, A. J., Bigley, K. E., & Bauer, J. E. (2011). Maintenance energy requirement determination of cats after spaying. British Journal of Nutrition, 106 (Suppl 1), S135-138. Öhlund, M., Palmgren, M., & Holst, B. S. (2018). Overweight in adult cats: a corss-sectional study. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 60:5 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-018-0359-7 Robertson, I. D. (1999). The influence of diet and other factors on owner-perceived obesity in privately owned cats from metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 40, 75-85. Root, M. V., Johnston, S. D., & Olson, P. N. (1996). Effects of prepuberal and postpuberal gonadectomy on heat production measured by indirect calorimetry in male and female domestic cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 57, 371-374. Rowe, E., Browne, W., Casey, R., Gruffyde-Jones, T., & Murray, J. (2015). Risk factors identified for owner-reported feline obesity at around one year of age: Dry diet and indoor lifestyle. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 121, 273-281. Rowe, E., Browne, W., Casey, R., Gruffyde-Jones, T., & Murray, J. (2017). Early-life risk factors identified for ownerreported feline feline overweight and obesity at around 2 years of age. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 143, 39-48. Russell, K., Sabin, R., Holt, S., Bradley, R., & Harper, E. J. (2000). Influence of feeding regimen on body condition in the cat. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 41, 12-17. Scarlett, J. M., & Donoghue, S. (1998). Associations between body condition and disease in cats. Journal of American Veterinary Medicine Association, 212, 1725-1731. Scarlett, J. M., Donoghue, S., Saidla, J., & Wills, J. (1994). Overweight cats: Prevalence and risk factors. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 18, S22-S28. Sloth, C. (1992). Practical management of obesity in dogs and cats. Journal of Amall Animal Practice, 33, 178-182. Teng, K. T., McGreevy, P. D., Toribio, J. A. L. M. L, & Raubenheimer, D. (2017). Risk factors for underweight and overweight in cats in metropolitan Sydney, Australia. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 144, 102-111. Zoran, D. L. (2009). Feline obesity: Clinical recognition and management. Compendium on Continuing Education fort he Practising Veterinarian, 31, 284-293.