Current diagnostic methods in canine mammary tumor: Biomarkers

Yıl 2020, Vetexpo-2019, KHVD-2019, 38 - 38, 31.03.2020

Zeynep Günay Uçmak

Öz

Mammary tumors are the most common type of tumors in sexually intact bitches. Several techniques such
as fine neddle biopsy, excisional biopsy, radiography, computed tomography have been used for diagnosis
of mammary tumors. Age, tumor size and stage, tumor histopathological type, clinical behaviour of the
tumor, tumor grade, estrogen receptor status, microvessel density, and molecular genetic alterations are
identified as prognostic factors in canine mammary tumors (CMT). Canine mammary tumors are highly
similar with human breast cancer (HBC). Because of that reason, human biomarkers of HBC are also used
for diagnosis and investigating the pathophysiology of CMT. Nowadays, these biomarkers can be
determined by molecular techniquies and they can be measured in the blood, body fluids and tumor tissue.
Tumor biomarkers can be detected by several techniques such as immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain
reaction, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence. These techniques should be sensitive and capable enough
for seperating the malignant cells from non-tumoral hematopoietic cells. In addition, these biomarkers are
useful in the detection of cancer recurrence, selection and arrangement of cancer treatment, determining
the response to cancer treatment, providing information about the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and
contributing to the understanding of cancer biology. Biomarkers used for this purpose and their effects are
stated respectively as; determination of proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells (Ki-67, PCNA, protein
p53), determination of metastatic potential of tumor (E-cadherin, CEA, CA 15-3), determination of
angiogenesis (VEGF, EGFR, HER-2), determination of inflammation (COX-2), determination of hormone
receptors (estrogen, progesterone), determination of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. The detection of
biomarkers is a current approach in order to examine the pathophysiology of CMTs. These biomarkers are
important structures that provides early diagnosis on the clinical course and prognosis of CMTs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biomarker, canine

Kaynakça

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