Can diet impress horse behaviour?

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 99 - 105, 31.08.2023

Şevket Evci , Erva Eser

https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1292983

Öz

Along with domestication, various changes in nutrition and digestion have occurred in horses as well as in all species. Our review aims to compile existing studies examining the role of nutrition and digestion in the emergence of undesirable behaviours in domestic horses. The success achieved in species with high adaptability has not been sustained by the change in breeding purposes over the years. Welfare, defined as the physical and mental health of animals. The responses of animals to various stimuli are defined as behaviour. Since the behaviour of animals plays a primary role in monitoring welfare, studies on animal behaviour have intensified. The development of undesirable behaviours complicates the care and management practices and negatively affects the welfare of the animals in the following periods, resulting in negative consequences for both the animal and its environment. Stereotypes, which are among the unwanted behaviours and exhibited in the form of purposeless, repetitive movements, are one of the biggest behavioural problems of horse breeding. Oral stereotypes impede food intake, locomotor stereotypes impede mobility and are instrumental in the emergence of chronic and more complex health problems. Other undesirable behaviours may also harm the horse's keeper and other horses kept together in the same box, resulting in serious injury. It is known that nutrition and nutrients affect the development of undesirable behaviours in horses. It is known that anticipatory behaviour creates a basis for repetitive behaviours as a result of inhibition when feeding time and nutrient content are out of preference or insufficient. The effect of nutrition and nutrient content on the emergence of stereotypes and undesirable behaviours has not been fully addressed and the subject remains up-to-date. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief discussion of studies conducted to assess the effect of nutritional imbalances on stereotypic behaviour in horses. The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were applied to the review using systematic review rules.

Anahtar Kelimeler

animal nutrition, behaviour, feed, stereotypes, horse

Kaynakça

• Albright, J., Sun, X., & Houpt, K. (2017). Does cribbing behaviour in horses vary with dietary taste or direct gastric stimuli? Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 189, 36-40.
• Benhajali, H., Ezzaouia, M., Lunel, C., Charfi, F., & Hausberger, M. (2013). Temporal feeding pattern may influence reproduction efficiency, the example of breeding mares. Plos One, 8(9), e73858.
• Bulmer, L., McBride, S., Williams, K., & Murray, J.A. (2015). The effects of a high-starch or high fibre diet on equine reactivity and handling behaviour. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 165, 95-102.
• Burla, J. B., Ostertag, A., Patt, A., Bachmann, I., & Hillmann, E. (2016). Effects of feeding management and group composition on agonistic behaviour of group-housed horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 176,32-42.
• Cairns, M. C., Cooper, J. J., Davidson, H. P. B., & Mills, D. S. (2002). Association in horses oforosensory characteristics of foods with their post-ingestive consequences. Animal Science, 75, 257–265.
• Catanese, F., Obelar, M., Villalba, J. J., & Distel, R. A. (2013). The importance of diet choice on stress-related responses by lambs? Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 148(1-2), 37-45.
• Cooper, J.J., Mcall, N., Johnson, S., & Davidson, H.P.D. (2005). The short-term effects of increasing meal frequency on stereotypic behaviour of stabled horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 90(3-4), 351-364.
• Cummings, D. E., & Overduin, J. (2007) Gastrointestinal regulation of food intake. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 117, 13–23.
• De Leeuw, J. A., Bolhuis, J. E., Bosch, G., & Gerrits, W. J. J. (2008). Effects of dietary fibre on behaviour and satiety in pigs Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, March 2008: 334-342.
• Ellis, A. D. (2010). Biological basis of behaviour and feed intake. In: Ellis, A. D., Long- land, A. C., Coenen, M. (Eds.), The Impaction of Nutritionon the Health and Welfare of Horses. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp.53–74, EAAP Publication No.128.
• Ellis, A. D. (2012). Effect of forage presentation on feed intake behaviour in stabled horses. In: Saastamoinen M.M.J., Fradinho., A.S., Santos., N. (Eds.), Forages and Grazing in Horse Nutrition. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp.53–74.
• Ellis, A. D., Thomas, S., Arkell, K., & Harris, P. (2005). Adding chopped straw to concentrate feed: The effect of inclusion rate and particle length on intake behaviour of horses. Equine Nutrition Conferance, Hannover, Germany.
• Eser, E., & Erat, S. (2022). A systematic review: Stereotypic behaviours of horses and their effects on horse welfare. 7th International Congress on Veterinary and Animal Sciences 20-22 October 2022, Online.
• George, R. J., & Harris P. A. (2007). How to minimize gastrointestinal disease associated with carbonhydrate nutrition in horses. Processors Annual Convention, American Association of Equine Practioners Annual Convention, 53: 178-185.
• Gillham, S. B., Dodman, N. H., Shuster, L., Kream, R., & Rand W. (1994). The effect of diet on cribbing behaviour and plasma b-endorphin in horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 41(3-4),147-153.
• Goodwin, D., Davidson, H. P. B., & Harris, P. (2005). Sensory varieties in concentrate diet for stabled horses: effects on behaviour and selection. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 90(3-4), 337-349.
• Hanis, F., Chung, E. L. T., Kamalluddin, M. H., & Idrus, Z. (2021). Do nutritient composition of feedtufffs affect the proportion of oral stereotypies and redirected behaviours among horse working groups? Journal of Veterinary Behaviour, 46, 7-14.
• Hanis, F., Chung, E. L. T., Kamalludin, M. H., & Idrus, Z. (2020b). Discovering the relationship between dietary nutrients on cortisol and ghrelin hormones in horses exhibiting oral stereotypic behaviour: A Review Journal of Veterinary Behaviour, 39, 90-98.
• Hanis, F., Chung, E. L. T., Kamaluddin, M. H., & Idrus, Z. (2020a). The influence of stable management and feeding practices on the abnormal behaviours among stabled horses in Malaysia. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 94, 103230.
• Hanis, F., Chung, E. L. T., Kamulluddin, M. H., & Idrus Z. (2023). Effect of feed modification on the behaviour, blood profile, and telomere in horses exhibiting abnormal oral behaviours. Journal of Veterinary Behaviour. 60, 28-36.
• Harris, P. A., Ellis, A. D., Fradinho, M. J., Jansson, A., Julliand, V., Luthersson, N., Santos, A. S., & Vervuert, I. (2017). Review: Feeding conserved forage to horses: recent advances and recommendations. Animal, 11(6), 958-967.
• Hemmann, K., Koho, N.M., Vainio, O.M., & Raekallio, M.R. (2013). Effects of feed on plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations in crib-biting horses. Veterinary Journal, 198,122-126.
• Hemmann, K., Raekallio, M., Kanerva, M., Hänninen, L., Pastell, M., Palviainen, M., & Vainio, O. (2012). Circadian variation in ghrelin and certain stress hormones in crib-biting horses. Veterinary Journal, 193, 97-102.
• Hemmings, A., & Hale C. (2013). From gut to brain. In: Proceedings of Lesaffre Feed Additives Satellite Symposium. World Veterinary Congress, Czech Republic.
• Hockenhull, J., & Creighton, E. (2023). Pre-feeding behaviour in UK leisure horses and associated feeding routine risk factors. Animal Welfare, 23(3), 297-308.
• Holland, J. L., Kronfeld, D. S., & Meacham, T. N. (1996b). Behaviour of horses is affected by soy lecithin and corn oil in the diet. Journal of Animal Science, 74(6), 1252-1255.
• Holland, J. L., Kronfeld, D. S., Hoffman, R. M., Greiwe-Crandell, K. M., Boyd, T. L., Cooper, W. L., & Harris, P. A. (1996a). Weaning stress is affected by nutrition and weaning methods. Pferdeheilkunde, 12, 257-260.
• Johnson, K.G., Tyrell, J., Rowe, J.B., & Pethick, D.W. (2010). Behavioural changes in stabled horses given nontherapeutic levels of virginiamycin. Equine Veterinary Journal, 30(2),139-143.
• Kappeler, P. (2010). Animal Behaviour: Evolution and Mechanisms. Berlin, Germany, Springer,
• McBride, S., & Hemmings, A. (2009). A neurological perspective of equine stereotypy. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 29, 10-16.
• Mills, D. S., & Clarke, A. F. (2002). Housing, management and welfare. In: Waran, N. (Ed.), The Welfare of Horses. Dordrecht, Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers,
• Moore-Colyer, M. J. S., Hemmings, A., & Hewer, N. (2016). A preliminasry investigation into the effect of ad libitum or restricted hay with or without Horslyx on the intake and switching behaviour of normal and crib biting horses. Livestock Science, 186,59-62.
• Müller, C.E., & Uden, P. (2007). Preference of horses for grass conserved as hay, haylage or silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 132(1-2),66-78.
• Naujeck, A., Hill, J., & Gibbs, M. J. (2005). Inluence of sward height on diet selection by horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 90(1), 49-63.
• Nicol, C. J., Badnell Waters, A. J., Bice, R., Kelland, A., Wilson, A. D., & Harris P. A. (2005). The effects of diet and weaning method on the behaviour of young horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 95(3-4), 205-2011.
• Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., McGuinness, L. A., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 372, n71.
• Paintal, A. S. (1954) A study of gastric stretch receptors. Theirrole in the peripheral mechanism of satiation of hunger andthirst. Journal of Physiology,126, 255–270.
• Piccione, G., Giannetto, C., Marafioti, S., Panzera, M., Assenza, A., & Fazio, F. (2013). Influence of time of food administration on daily rhythm of total locomotor activity in ponies. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 8, 40–45.
• Raspa, F., Tarantola, M., Muca, E., Bergero, D., Soglia, D., Cavallini, D., Vervuert, I., Bordin, C., De Palo, P., & Valle E. (2022). Does feeding management make a difference to behavioural activities and welfare of horses reared for meat production? Animals,12, 1740.
• Redgate, S.E., Cooper, J.J., Hall, S., Eady, P., & Harris P.A. (2014). Dietary experience modifies horses feeding behaviour and selection patterns of three macronutrient rich diets. Journal of Animal Science, 92,1524-1530.
• Roberts, K., Hemmings, A., Moore-Colyer, M. J. S., & Hale C. (2015). Cognitive differences in horses performing locomotory versus oral stereotypic behaviour. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 168, 37–44.
• Rolls, E. T., & Rolls, J. H. (1997) Olfactory sensory-specificsatiety in humans. Physiology & Behavior 61, 461–473.29.
• Sarrafchi, A., & Blokhuis, H. J. (2013). Equine stereotypic behaviours: Causation, occurence, and prevention. Journal of Veterinary Behaviour. 8(5), 386-394.
• Ungar, E.D., Ravid, N., & Bruckental, I. (2001). Bite dimensions for cattle grazing herbage at low levels of depletion. Grass and Forage Science, 56(1), 35-45.
• van den Berg, M., Giagos, V., Lee, C., Brown, W.Y., & Hinch, G.N. (2016b). Acceptance of novel food by horses: The influence of food cues and nutritient composition. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 183, 59-67.
• van den Berg, M., Giagos, V., Lee, C., Brown, W.Y., Cawdell-Smith, A.J., & Hinch, G.N. (2016a). The influence of odour, taste and nutritients on feeding behaviour and food preferences in horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 184, 41-50.
• van der Berg, M., Lee, C., Brown, W.Y., & Hinch, G.N. (2016c). Does energy intake influence diet selection of novel forages by horses? Livestock Science, 186, 6-15.
• Vinassa, M., Cavallini, D., Galaverna, D., Baragli, P., Raspa, F., Nery, J., & Valle, E. (2020). Palatability assessment in horses in relation to lateralization and temperament. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 232,105110.
• Waters, A. J., Nicol, C. J., & French, N. P. (2002). Factors influencing the development of stereotypic and redirected behaviours in young horses: findings of a four year prospective epidemiological study. Equine Veterinary Journal, 34(6), 572–579.
• Waters, A. J., Nicol, C. J., & French, N. P. (2010). Factors influencing the development of stereotypic and redirected behaviours in young horses: findings of a four year prospective epidemiological study. Equine Veterinary Journal, 34(6), 572-579.