A case of secondary ectopic pregnancy and schistosoma reflexum in a cat
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 304 - 308, 31.12.2024
Fatma Köse
,
Mehmet Fatih Özbezek
,
Zeynep Günay Uçmak
Öz
This report describes a case of ectopic foetus and schistosoma reflexum encountered in a 3-year-old, 4 kg tabby cat brought to our clinic for routine neutering. Gingivitis and multiple intraabdominal masses were detected in the clinical examination of the cat. Leukocytosis and anemia were detected in the haemogram. Laparotomy was performed and ovariohysterectomy was performed to remove two ectopic fetuses covered with fibrous capsules beyond the ovaries. Schistosoma reflexum was detected in one of the ectopic foetuses. The cat received postoperative care for one week and recovered without any problems. In conclusion, it was observed that ectopic fetus cases in cats can be associated with schistosoma reflexum. These cases can be diagnosed using imaging methods, and surgical intervention can provide treatment.
Kaynakça
- Alaçam, E. (1998). Karnivorlarda üreme süreci ve sorunları, In H. I. Yılmaz (Ed). Kedi ve Köpek Hastalıkları (pp. 437-512). Ankara, Türkiye: Medisan.
- Alaçam, E. (2010). Gebelik tanısı, In E. Alaçam (Ed). Evcil Hayvanlarda Doğum ve Jinekoloji (pp. 109). Ankara, Türkiye: Medisan.
- Atmaca, N. S. (1985). Diagnostik ultrasonografi. Ankara, Türkiye: Grafikevi.
- Barr, F. J. (1988). Pregnancy diagnosis and assessment of fetal viability in the dog: A review. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 29, 647-656.
- Barr, F. (1992). Diagnostic ultrasound in the dog and cat. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
- Bhatta, B. R., Kaphle, K., Shrestha, S., & Kafle, A. (2020). Extrauterine pregnancy in bitch: A mini-review. International Journal of Global Research and Review, 6(1), 1-4.
- Biller, D. S., & Haibel, G. K. (1987). Torsion of the uterus in a cat. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 191(9), 1128-1129.
- Bodle, T. J. (1979). Ectopic pregnancy in a cat. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 27(12), 279.
- Botcherby, W. C. (1980). Ectopic pregnancy in a cow. Veterinary Record, 106, 565-566.
- Burke, T. J. (1986). Small animal reproduction and infertility: A clinical approach to diagnosis and treatment. Philadelphia, US: Lea and Febiger.
- Carrig C. B., Gourley, I. M., & Philbrick, A. (1972). Primary abdominal pregnancy in a cat subsequent to ovariohysterectomy. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 160, 308-310.
- Cetin, N., Eski, F., Sendag, S., Yıldırım, S., Uslu, B.A., & Wehrend, A. (27-28 February 2014). Ectopic pregnancy in a Van cat, Paper presented at 47th Annual Conference of Physiology and Pathology of Reproduction, Giessen, Germany.
- Corpa, J. M. (2006). Ectopic pregnancy in animals and humans. Reproduction, 131, 631-640.
- Curtseit, S., Condrut, E., Ciuca, A., Ciulei, O., & Stoicea, M. C. (2016). Abdominal ectopic secondary pregnancy case in a free-roaming cat. Revista Romana de Medicina Veterinara, 26(2), 5-10.
- De Nooy, P. P. (1979). Extrauterine pregnancy and severe ascites in a cat. Veterinary Medicine Small Animal Clinician, 74, 349-350.
- Dennis, R., Kirberger, R. M., Barr, F., & Wrigley, R. H. (2010). Handbook of small animal radiology and ultrasound: Techniques and differential diagnoses. Maryland, USA: Elsevier Limited.
- Dzięcioł, M., Kozdrowski, R., Twardoń, J., & Senze, M. (2008). Ciąża pozamaciczna u zwierząt. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 65, 635-638.
- Eker K., & Salmanoğlu, M. R (2005). Köpeklerde normal postpartum uterusun ultrasonografisi. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi, 76(1), 35-40.
- England, G. C. W. (1998a). Ultrasonographic assessment of abnormal pregnancy. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 28(4), 849-868.
- England, G. C. W. (1998b). Pregnancy diagnosis, abnormalities of pregnancy, and pregnancy termination. In G. Simpson, G. England, & M. Harvey (Eds). BSAVA Manual of Small Animal Reproduction and Neonatology (pp. 113-125). Gloucestershire, UK: British Small Animal Veterinary Association.
- Hong C. C., & Armstrong, M. L. (1978). Ectopic pregnancy in two guinea-pigs. Laboratory Animals, 12, 243-244.
- Hughes, K. (2019). Abdominal ectopic pregnancy and impaired postnatal mammary gland development, consistent with physiologic agalactia, in a wild European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 6, 254.
- Jerome, C. P., & Hendrickx, A. G. (1982). A tubal pregnancy in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Veterinary Pathology, 19, 239-245.
- Johnson, C. A. (1986). Disorders of pregnancy. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 16, 477-482.
- Johnston, S. D., Harish, G., Stevens, J. B., & Scheffler, H. G. (2013). Ectopic pregnancy with uterine encapsulation in a cat. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 183(9), 254-259.
- Kahn, W. (1994). Veterinary reproductive ultrasonography. London, UK: Mosby-Wolfe.
- Kao, L. Y., Scheinfeld, M. H., Chernyak, V., Rozenblit, A. M., Oh, S., & Dym, R. J. (2014). Beyond ultrasound: CT and MRI of ectopic pregnancy. American Journal of Roentgenology, 202, 904-911.
- Kawata K., & Tiba, T. A. (1961). A rare case of Schistosomus reflexus in the cat. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 9, 179-181.
- Kustritz, M. V. R., Johnston, S. D., & Olson, P. N. (1995). Estrous length, pregnancy rate, gestation and parturition lengths, litter size, and juvenile mortality in the domestic cat. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 31, 429-433.
- Kutzler, M. A., Yeager, A. E., Mohammed, H. O., & Meyers-Wallen, V. N. (2003). Accuracy of canine parturition date prediction using fetal measurements obtained by ultrasonography. Theriogenology, 60, 1309-1317.
- Luvoni, G. C., & Grioni, A. (2000). Determination of gestational age in medium and small size bitches using ultrasonographic fetal measurements. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 41(7), 292-294.
- Mateo, I., & Camon, J. (2008). Schistosoma reflexum in a cat: Insights into aetiopathogenesis. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 10, 376-379.
- Nack, R. A. (2000). Theriogenology question of the month - An ectopic fetus. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 217, 182-184.
- Ozsoy, S. Y., Oto, C., & Hazıroğlu, R. (2009). Schistosoma reflexum in a dog. Ankara University Journal of the Veterinary Faculty, 56, 225-226.
- Peterson, M. E., & Kutzler, M. A. (2011). Small animal pediatrics: The first 12 months of life. Philadelphia, US: Elsevier Saunders.
- Rendano, V. T. (1983). Radiographic evaluation of fetal development in the bitch and fetal death in the bitch and queen. In R. W. Kirk (Ed). Current Veterinary Therapy VIII: Small Animal Practice. Philadelphia, US: WB Saunders.
- Rosset, E., Galet, C., & Buff, S. (2011). A case report of an ectopic fetus in a cat. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 13(8), 610-613.
- Sagar, P. V., Kumar, P. R., & Raghunath, M. (2017). Ectopic fetal maceration in a Labrador bitch. Livestock Science, 8, 8-10.
- Segura et al. (2004). Abdominal pregnancies in farm rabbits. Theriogenology, 62, 642-651.
Simpson, P., Peris, B., Martinez, J., Ortega, P. J., & Corpa, J. M. (2004). BSAVA Manual of Small Animal Reproduction and Neonatology. London, UK: British Small Animal Veterinary Association.
- Son, C. H., Jeong, K. A., Kim, J. H., Park, I. C., Kim, S. H., & Lee, C. S. (2001). Establishment of the prediction table of parturition day with ultrasonography in small pet dogs. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 63(7), 715-721.
- Thrall, D. E. (1994). Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology. Philadelphia, US: WB Saunders.
- Timurkan, H., & Mert, N. (1987). Evcil hayvanlarda embriyo ölümü (embryophati), congenital anomali ve abortusun sebepleri. Elazığ Bölge Veteriner Hekimler Odası Dergisi, 2, 59-69.
- Tu, J., Wang, E., & Shen, J. (2016). Primary hepatic ectopic pregnancy: A case report. Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 61(3-4), 175-178.
- Van Den Eeden, SK, Shan J, Bruce, C. & Glasser, M. (2005). Ectopic pregnancy rate and treatment utilization in a large managed care organization. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 105, 1052-1057.
- Wright, P. J., & Watt, J. R. (1998). The infertile female. In G. Simpson, G. England, & M. Harvey (Eds). Manual of Small Animal Reproduction and Neonatology (pp. 17-33). London, UK: British Small Animal Veterinary Association.
A case of ectopic pregnancy and schistosoma reflexum in a cat
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 304 - 308, 31.12.2024
Fatma Köse
,
Mehmet Fatih Özbezek
,
Zeynep Günay Uçmak
Öz
This report describes a case of ectopic foetus and schistosoma reflexum encountered in a 3-year-old, 4 kg tabby cat brought to our clinic for routine neutering. Gingivitis and multiple intraabdominal masses were detected in the clinical examination of the cat. Leukocytosis and anemia were detected in the haemogram. Laparotomy was performed and ovariohysterectomy was performed to remove two ectopic fetuses covered with fibrous capsules beyond the ovaries. Schistosoma reflexum was detected in one of the ectopic foetuses. The cat received postoperative care for one week and recovered without any problems. In conclusion, it was observed that ectopic fetus cases in cats can be associated with schistosoma reflexum. These cases can be diagnosed using imaging methods, and surgical intervention can provide treatment.
Teşekkür
We would like to thank Özge Kurtoğlu for her valuable contributions to our case report.
Kaynakça
- Alaçam, E. (1998). Karnivorlarda üreme süreci ve sorunları, In H. I. Yılmaz (Ed). Kedi ve Köpek Hastalıkları (pp. 437-512). Ankara, Türkiye: Medisan.
- Alaçam, E. (2010). Gebelik tanısı, In E. Alaçam (Ed). Evcil Hayvanlarda Doğum ve Jinekoloji (pp. 109). Ankara, Türkiye: Medisan.
- Atmaca, N. S. (1985). Diagnostik ultrasonografi. Ankara, Türkiye: Grafikevi.
- Barr, F. J. (1988). Pregnancy diagnosis and assessment of fetal viability in the dog: A review. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 29, 647-656.
- Barr, F. (1992). Diagnostic ultrasound in the dog and cat. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
- Bhatta, B. R., Kaphle, K., Shrestha, S., & Kafle, A. (2020). Extrauterine pregnancy in bitch: A mini-review. International Journal of Global Research and Review, 6(1), 1-4.
- Biller, D. S., & Haibel, G. K. (1987). Torsion of the uterus in a cat. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 191(9), 1128-1129.
- Bodle, T. J. (1979). Ectopic pregnancy in a cat. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 27(12), 279.
- Botcherby, W. C. (1980). Ectopic pregnancy in a cow. Veterinary Record, 106, 565-566.
- Burke, T. J. (1986). Small animal reproduction and infertility: A clinical approach to diagnosis and treatment. Philadelphia, US: Lea and Febiger.
- Carrig C. B., Gourley, I. M., & Philbrick, A. (1972). Primary abdominal pregnancy in a cat subsequent to ovariohysterectomy. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 160, 308-310.
- Cetin, N., Eski, F., Sendag, S., Yıldırım, S., Uslu, B.A., & Wehrend, A. (27-28 February 2014). Ectopic pregnancy in a Van cat, Paper presented at 47th Annual Conference of Physiology and Pathology of Reproduction, Giessen, Germany.
- Corpa, J. M. (2006). Ectopic pregnancy in animals and humans. Reproduction, 131, 631-640.
- Curtseit, S., Condrut, E., Ciuca, A., Ciulei, O., & Stoicea, M. C. (2016). Abdominal ectopic secondary pregnancy case in a free-roaming cat. Revista Romana de Medicina Veterinara, 26(2), 5-10.
- De Nooy, P. P. (1979). Extrauterine pregnancy and severe ascites in a cat. Veterinary Medicine Small Animal Clinician, 74, 349-350.
- Dennis, R., Kirberger, R. M., Barr, F., & Wrigley, R. H. (2010). Handbook of small animal radiology and ultrasound: Techniques and differential diagnoses. Maryland, USA: Elsevier Limited.
- Dzięcioł, M., Kozdrowski, R., Twardoń, J., & Senze, M. (2008). Ciąża pozamaciczna u zwierząt. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 65, 635-638.
- Eker K., & Salmanoğlu, M. R (2005). Köpeklerde normal postpartum uterusun ultrasonografisi. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi, 76(1), 35-40.
- England, G. C. W. (1998a). Ultrasonographic assessment of abnormal pregnancy. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 28(4), 849-868.
- England, G. C. W. (1998b). Pregnancy diagnosis, abnormalities of pregnancy, and pregnancy termination. In G. Simpson, G. England, & M. Harvey (Eds). BSAVA Manual of Small Animal Reproduction and Neonatology (pp. 113-125). Gloucestershire, UK: British Small Animal Veterinary Association.
- Hong C. C., & Armstrong, M. L. (1978). Ectopic pregnancy in two guinea-pigs. Laboratory Animals, 12, 243-244.
- Hughes, K. (2019). Abdominal ectopic pregnancy and impaired postnatal mammary gland development, consistent with physiologic agalactia, in a wild European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 6, 254.
- Jerome, C. P., & Hendrickx, A. G. (1982). A tubal pregnancy in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Veterinary Pathology, 19, 239-245.
- Johnson, C. A. (1986). Disorders of pregnancy. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 16, 477-482.
- Johnston, S. D., Harish, G., Stevens, J. B., & Scheffler, H. G. (2013). Ectopic pregnancy with uterine encapsulation in a cat. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 183(9), 254-259.
- Kahn, W. (1994). Veterinary reproductive ultrasonography. London, UK: Mosby-Wolfe.
- Kao, L. Y., Scheinfeld, M. H., Chernyak, V., Rozenblit, A. M., Oh, S., & Dym, R. J. (2014). Beyond ultrasound: CT and MRI of ectopic pregnancy. American Journal of Roentgenology, 202, 904-911.
- Kawata K., & Tiba, T. A. (1961). A rare case of Schistosomus reflexus in the cat. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 9, 179-181.
- Kustritz, M. V. R., Johnston, S. D., & Olson, P. N. (1995). Estrous length, pregnancy rate, gestation and parturition lengths, litter size, and juvenile mortality in the domestic cat. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 31, 429-433.
- Kutzler, M. A., Yeager, A. E., Mohammed, H. O., & Meyers-Wallen, V. N. (2003). Accuracy of canine parturition date prediction using fetal measurements obtained by ultrasonography. Theriogenology, 60, 1309-1317.
- Luvoni, G. C., & Grioni, A. (2000). Determination of gestational age in medium and small size bitches using ultrasonographic fetal measurements. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 41(7), 292-294.
- Mateo, I., & Camon, J. (2008). Schistosoma reflexum in a cat: Insights into aetiopathogenesis. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 10, 376-379.
- Nack, R. A. (2000). Theriogenology question of the month - An ectopic fetus. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 217, 182-184.
- Ozsoy, S. Y., Oto, C., & Hazıroğlu, R. (2009). Schistosoma reflexum in a dog. Ankara University Journal of the Veterinary Faculty, 56, 225-226.
- Peterson, M. E., & Kutzler, M. A. (2011). Small animal pediatrics: The first 12 months of life. Philadelphia, US: Elsevier Saunders.
- Rendano, V. T. (1983). Radiographic evaluation of fetal development in the bitch and fetal death in the bitch and queen. In R. W. Kirk (Ed). Current Veterinary Therapy VIII: Small Animal Practice. Philadelphia, US: WB Saunders.
- Rosset, E., Galet, C., & Buff, S. (2011). A case report of an ectopic fetus in a cat. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 13(8), 610-613.
- Sagar, P. V., Kumar, P. R., & Raghunath, M. (2017). Ectopic fetal maceration in a Labrador bitch. Livestock Science, 8, 8-10.
- Segura et al. (2004). Abdominal pregnancies in farm rabbits. Theriogenology, 62, 642-651.
Simpson, P., Peris, B., Martinez, J., Ortega, P. J., & Corpa, J. M. (2004). BSAVA Manual of Small Animal Reproduction and Neonatology. London, UK: British Small Animal Veterinary Association.
- Son, C. H., Jeong, K. A., Kim, J. H., Park, I. C., Kim, S. H., & Lee, C. S. (2001). Establishment of the prediction table of parturition day with ultrasonography in small pet dogs. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 63(7), 715-721.
- Thrall, D. E. (1994). Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology. Philadelphia, US: WB Saunders.
- Timurkan, H., & Mert, N. (1987). Evcil hayvanlarda embriyo ölümü (embryophati), congenital anomali ve abortusun sebepleri. Elazığ Bölge Veteriner Hekimler Odası Dergisi, 2, 59-69.
- Tu, J., Wang, E., & Shen, J. (2016). Primary hepatic ectopic pregnancy: A case report. Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 61(3-4), 175-178.
- Van Den Eeden, SK, Shan J, Bruce, C. & Glasser, M. (2005). Ectopic pregnancy rate and treatment utilization in a large managed care organization. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 105, 1052-1057.
- Wright, P. J., & Watt, J. R. (1998). The infertile female. In G. Simpson, G. England, & M. Harvey (Eds). Manual of Small Animal Reproduction and Neonatology (pp. 17-33). London, UK: British Small Animal Veterinary Association.