Pakistanda Tip 2 Diyabet ile İlgili Hasta Bilgisi üzerinde Eczacı Danışma Etkisi
Yıl 2016,
Sayı: 1, 1 - 26, 01.01.2016
Madeeha Malik
,
Zarmina Qazi
Azhar Hussain
Muhammad Azeem
Martha Susanna Lubbe
Öz
Eczacılar hasta ve sağlık çalışanları için kolayca ulaşılabilir ve daha diyabet yönetiminde yer alabilir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Pakistan ikiz şehirlerinde diyabetli hastaların ve diyabet eğitimcileri olarak tip 2 diyabet yönetimine yönelik çalışan eczacıların algı ve bilgisini keşfetmektir. Bir tanımlayıcı kesitsel çalışma dizaynı kullanılmıştır. Geniş bir literatür inceleme ve odak grup tartışmaları aracılığıyla Uluslararası Diyabet Federasyonu ve Amerikan Diyabet Birliği yönergeleri referans alınarak bir anket geliştirilmiş ve diyabet eğitimcileri olarak çalışan 20 eczacı ve diyabet 1200 hastadan oluşan bir örneklemde dağıtılmıştır diyabet eğitimcileri tarafından danışmanlık yapılan 600 hasta, danışmanlık almayan 600 hastaya karşı . Veriler toplandıktan sonra, tanımlayıcı analiz ve SPSS-16 parametrik olmayan testler ile veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Tip 2 diyabet yönetimine ilişkin ortalama bileşik bilgi puanları: diyabet eğitimcileri 29.1 ± 2.62 , diyabet eğitimcilerinden danışmanlık alan 36.0 ± 3.70 ve diyabet eğitimcilerinden danışmanlık almayan 35.54 ± 3.75 . Diyabet eğitimcileri tarafından danışmanlık alan veya almayan diyabet hastalarının bilgileri arasında bir fark p ≤ 0.05 bildirilmemiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, tip 2 diyabet yönetimine ilişkin diyabet eğitimcilerinin yanı sıra hastaların bilgi yetersiz olduğunu gösterdi. Diyabet eğitimcilerinin eğitimi ihmal edilmiştir. Pakistan diyabet eğitim süreci ile ilgili resmi planlama, değerlendirme ve denetim eksikliği var. Yakın gözetim yanı sıra diyabet eğitimcilerine yönelik düzenli ve sürekli eğitim programları hasta eğitimindeki birçok eksikliklerin üstesinden gelmek için bir fırsat sağlayabilir.
Kaynakça
- 1. Afridi M. and MN Khan: Role of health education in the management of diabetes mellitus. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan 2003, 13(10): 558-561.
- 2. Zareban I, Karimy M, Niknami S, Haidarnia A,Rakhshani F: The effect of self-care education program on reducing HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of education and health promotion 2014, 3:123-128.
- 3. Campbell RK: Role of the pharmacist in diabetes management. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 2002, 59(9):18-21.
- 4. Fodor JG, Adamo KB: Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle. The New England Journal of Medicine 2001, 345(9):696-701.
- 5. Armor BL, Britton ML, Dennis VC, Letassy NA: A review of pharmacist contributions to diabetes care in the United States. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2009, 23(3):250-64.
- 6. Atak NT, Gurkan T, Kose K: The effect of education on knowledge, self management behaviours and self efficacy of patients with type 2 diabetes. Australian Journal of Advance Nursing 2008, 26(2):66-74.
- 7. Ozkan M, Ozcelikay G: The role of community pharmacists on the life style of diabetic patients. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2012, 9(2):26-31.
- 8. Blenkinsopp A, Hassey, A: Effectiveness and acceptability of community pharmacy‐based interventions in type 2 diabetes: a critical review of intervention design, pharmacist and patient perspectives. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2005, 13(4):231-240.
- 9. Ragucci KR, Fermo JD, Wessell AM, Chumney EC. Effectiveness of pharmacist‐administered diabetes mellitus education and management services: Pharmacotherapy. The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 2005, 25(12):1809-1816.
- 10. Organization, W.H., Promoting rational use of medicines: core components. 2002.
- 11. Funnell MM., et al., National standards for diabetes self-management education. Diabetes Care 2009, 32(Supplement 1): 87-94.
- 12. Delahanty LM, Halford BN: The role of diet behaviors in achieving improved glycemic control in intensively treated patients in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes Care 1993, 16(11):1453-1458.
- 13. Abazari, P., et al., Inadequate investment on management of diabetes education. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 2012, 17(8):792-798.
- 14. Fallahty J, Rezaei R, Astane S, Mousavi FM: The awareness of diabetic patients with different levels of retinopathy of eye complications associated with diabetes. Arak Medical University Journal 2010, 13(3):116-122.
- 15. Golchin M, Ghorbani A: Knowledge and practice on insulin self injection procedure in diabetic patients at Qazvin Diabetes Unit. The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences 2008, 12 (1) :89-90.
- 16. Mohsen S, Reza SG, Ali K, Akbar HZ, Somaye D: Knowledge, attitude and practice about walking among woman by type 2 diabetics. Payesh Journal 201, 10:477-84.
- 17. Uddin I, Iftikhar R, Ahmed T: Knowledge, Attitude and practice of diabetic patients before and after education intervention. Diabetes International 2001, 11: 80-2.
- 18. Reeves S, Perrier L, Goldman J, Freeth D, Zwarenstein M: Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database of systematic reviews 2013, 28;3:CD002213.doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002213.pub3.
- 19. Wilbur K: Pharmacy student perceptions of public health service roles and responsibilities. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2011, 19(3):179-184.
- 20. Fornos JA, Andrés NF, Andrés JC, Guerra MM, Egea B: A pharmacotherapy follow-up program in patients with type-2 diabetes in community pharmacies in Spain. Pharmacy World and Science 2006, 28(2):65-72.
- 21. Krass I, Armour CL, Mitchell B, Brillant M, Dienaar R, Hughes J, Lau P, Peterson G, Stewart K, Taylor S, Wilkinson J: The Pharmacy Diabetes Care Program: assessment of a community pharmacy diabetes service model in Australia. Diabetic Medicine 2007, 24(6):677-683.
- 22. Adepu R., Rasheed A, Nagavi B: Effect of patient counseling on quality of life in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in two selected South Indian community pharmacies: A study. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2007, 69(4):519-524.
- 23. Wubben DP,Vivian EM: Effects of pharmacist outpatient interventions on adults with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 2008, 28(4):421-436.
- 24. Sriram S,Chack LE,Ramasamy R,Ghasemi A, Ravi TK, Sabzghabaee AM:Impact of pharmaceutical care on quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of research in medical sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 2011, 16 (Suppl1):S412- S418.
- 25. Mazroui NR, Kamal MM, Ghabash NM, Yacout TA, Kole PL, McElnay JC: Influence of pharmaceutical care on health outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2009, 67(5): 547-557.
- 26. Lindenmeyer A, Hearnshaw H, Vermeire E, Van Royen P, Wens J, Biot Y: Interventions to improve adherence to medication in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of the literature on the role of pharmacists. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 2006, 31(5):409-419.
- 27. Jabbar A, Hameed A, Chawla R, Akhter J: How well do Pakistani patients and physicians adhere to standards of diabetes care. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries 2007, 27(3):93-96.
- 28. Gul N: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of Ayub Medical College 2010, 22(3):128-31.
Effect of Pharmacist Counseling on Patient’s Knowledge Regarding Type 2 Diabetes in Pakistan
Yıl 2016,
Sayı: 1, 1 - 26, 01.01.2016
Madeeha Malik
,
Zarmina Qazi
Azhar Hussain
Muhammad Azeem
Martha Susanna Lubbe
Öz
Pharmacists are easily accessible to patients and health care providers and can be involved more in the management of diabetes. The main objective of the present study was to explore the perceptions and knowledge of patients with diabetes and pharmacists working as diabetes educators towards management of type 2 diabetes in twin cities of Pakistan. A descriptive crosssectional study design was used. A questionnaire was developed through extensive literature review and focus group discussions by using the International Diabetes Federation and American Diabetes Association guidelines as a reference and was distributed to a sample of 20 pharmacists working as diabetes educators and 1200 patients with diabetes i.e. 600 counselled by the diabetes educators vs. 600 diabetes patients without any counselling . After data collection, data were analyzed through descriptive analysis and non-parametric tests using SPSS program version 16. The mean composite knowledge score regarding management of type 2 diabetes were: diabetes educators 29.1 ± 2.62 , patients counselled by diabetes educators 36.0 ± 3.70 and patients not counselled by diabetes educators 35.54 ± 3.75 . No significant differences p ≤ 0.05 among the knowledge of diabetes patients counselled and not counselled by diabetes educators were reported. The results of the present study showed that the knowledge of diabetes educators as well as patients regarding management of type 2 diabetes was inadequate. Training of diabetes educators is neglected. There is lack of official planning, evaluation and supervision on diabetes education process in Pakistan. Close surveillance as well as regular and continuous training programs for diabetes educators can provide an opportunity to overcome many shortcomings in patient education.
Kaynakça
- 1. Afridi M. and MN Khan: Role of health education in the management of diabetes mellitus. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan 2003, 13(10): 558-561.
- 2. Zareban I, Karimy M, Niknami S, Haidarnia A,Rakhshani F: The effect of self-care education program on reducing HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of education and health promotion 2014, 3:123-128.
- 3. Campbell RK: Role of the pharmacist in diabetes management. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 2002, 59(9):18-21.
- 4. Fodor JG, Adamo KB: Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle. The New England Journal of Medicine 2001, 345(9):696-701.
- 5. Armor BL, Britton ML, Dennis VC, Letassy NA: A review of pharmacist contributions to diabetes care in the United States. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2009, 23(3):250-64.
- 6. Atak NT, Gurkan T, Kose K: The effect of education on knowledge, self management behaviours and self efficacy of patients with type 2 diabetes. Australian Journal of Advance Nursing 2008, 26(2):66-74.
- 7. Ozkan M, Ozcelikay G: The role of community pharmacists on the life style of diabetic patients. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2012, 9(2):26-31.
- 8. Blenkinsopp A, Hassey, A: Effectiveness and acceptability of community pharmacy‐based interventions in type 2 diabetes: a critical review of intervention design, pharmacist and patient perspectives. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2005, 13(4):231-240.
- 9. Ragucci KR, Fermo JD, Wessell AM, Chumney EC. Effectiveness of pharmacist‐administered diabetes mellitus education and management services: Pharmacotherapy. The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 2005, 25(12):1809-1816.
- 10. Organization, W.H., Promoting rational use of medicines: core components. 2002.
- 11. Funnell MM., et al., National standards for diabetes self-management education. Diabetes Care 2009, 32(Supplement 1): 87-94.
- 12. Delahanty LM, Halford BN: The role of diet behaviors in achieving improved glycemic control in intensively treated patients in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes Care 1993, 16(11):1453-1458.
- 13. Abazari, P., et al., Inadequate investment on management of diabetes education. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 2012, 17(8):792-798.
- 14. Fallahty J, Rezaei R, Astane S, Mousavi FM: The awareness of diabetic patients with different levels of retinopathy of eye complications associated with diabetes. Arak Medical University Journal 2010, 13(3):116-122.
- 15. Golchin M, Ghorbani A: Knowledge and practice on insulin self injection procedure in diabetic patients at Qazvin Diabetes Unit. The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences 2008, 12 (1) :89-90.
- 16. Mohsen S, Reza SG, Ali K, Akbar HZ, Somaye D: Knowledge, attitude and practice about walking among woman by type 2 diabetics. Payesh Journal 201, 10:477-84.
- 17. Uddin I, Iftikhar R, Ahmed T: Knowledge, Attitude and practice of diabetic patients before and after education intervention. Diabetes International 2001, 11: 80-2.
- 18. Reeves S, Perrier L, Goldman J, Freeth D, Zwarenstein M: Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database of systematic reviews 2013, 28;3:CD002213.doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002213.pub3.
- 19. Wilbur K: Pharmacy student perceptions of public health service roles and responsibilities. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2011, 19(3):179-184.
- 20. Fornos JA, Andrés NF, Andrés JC, Guerra MM, Egea B: A pharmacotherapy follow-up program in patients with type-2 diabetes in community pharmacies in Spain. Pharmacy World and Science 2006, 28(2):65-72.
- 21. Krass I, Armour CL, Mitchell B, Brillant M, Dienaar R, Hughes J, Lau P, Peterson G, Stewart K, Taylor S, Wilkinson J: The Pharmacy Diabetes Care Program: assessment of a community pharmacy diabetes service model in Australia. Diabetic Medicine 2007, 24(6):677-683.
- 22. Adepu R., Rasheed A, Nagavi B: Effect of patient counseling on quality of life in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in two selected South Indian community pharmacies: A study. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2007, 69(4):519-524.
- 23. Wubben DP,Vivian EM: Effects of pharmacist outpatient interventions on adults with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 2008, 28(4):421-436.
- 24. Sriram S,Chack LE,Ramasamy R,Ghasemi A, Ravi TK, Sabzghabaee AM:Impact of pharmaceutical care on quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of research in medical sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 2011, 16 (Suppl1):S412- S418.
- 25. Mazroui NR, Kamal MM, Ghabash NM, Yacout TA, Kole PL, McElnay JC: Influence of pharmaceutical care on health outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2009, 67(5): 547-557.
- 26. Lindenmeyer A, Hearnshaw H, Vermeire E, Van Royen P, Wens J, Biot Y: Interventions to improve adherence to medication in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of the literature on the role of pharmacists. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 2006, 31(5):409-419.
- 27. Jabbar A, Hameed A, Chawla R, Akhter J: How well do Pakistani patients and physicians adhere to standards of diabetes care. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries 2007, 27(3):93-96.
- 28. Gul N: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of Ayub Medical College 2010, 22(3):128-31.