Delineating the Biomarker Potential and Therapeutic Significance of MicroRNAs in IDH-wildtype Glioblastoma as Defined by the WHO CNS5 Criteria

Öz

The World Health Organization (WHO) CNS5 classification, updated in 2021, has brought about a significant transformation in the diagnosis and treatment of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma, a subgroup of aggressive brain tumors. This new system, which incorporates molecular markers alongside traditional tissue analysis, provides a more refined approach that facilitates the identification of distinct glioblastoma subtypes with unique genetic profiles. Examples of these subtypes include IDH-mutant astrocytoma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-deleted oligodendroglioma, and IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. Despite advancements in genetics and targeted therapies, the treatment of these malignant tumors remains an ongoing quest. Therefore, the need for more specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches is undeniable. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as molecules that molecular biology has brought to the medical world in this context. These tiny molecules act as master regulators of gene expression and hold immense potential for glioblastoma diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and biomarker development. Recent research has highlighted the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic strategies, attracting scientific interest to this point. This review examines the current relationships of miRNAs in the context of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma within the framework of the WHO CNS5 classification. Utilizing extensive databases, this article investigates the intricate relationship between genetic abnormalities defined in the latest WHO classification and dysregulated miRNAs. By analyzing proposed molecular biomarkers and associated miRNA dysregulation, we aim to pave the way for the development of personalized miRNA-based therapies for this aggressive cancer type.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biomarker
• Epigenetic
• Glioblastoma
• MicroRNA
• World Health Organization

DSÖ CNS5 Kriterlerine Göre Tanımlanan IDH-Wild Tip Gliblastomada MikroRNA'ların Biyobelirteç Potansiyeli ve Terapötik Öneminin Tanımlanması

Öz

2021 yılında güncellenen Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) CNS5 sınıflandırması, agresif beyin tümörlerinin bir alt grubu olarak tanımlanan IDH-wildtype glioblastomanın tanı ve tedavi yöntemlerinde önemli bir dönüşüme yol açmıştır. Bu yeni sistem, geleneksel doku analizinin yanı sıra moleküler belirteçleri de içeren daha rafine bir yaklaşım sunarak, benzersiz genetik profillere sahip farklı glioblastoma alt tiplerinin tanımlanmasını kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu alt tiplere IDH-mutant astrositoma, IDH-mutant ve 1p/19q delesyonu bulunan oligodendroglioma ve IDH-wild tip glioblastoma örnek olarak gösterilebilir. Genetik ve hedefli tedavilerdeki gelişmelere rağmen, bu malign tümörlerin tedavisi için hala arayış devam etmektedir. Bu nedenle daha özellikli tanı ve tedavi yöntemlerine olan ihtiyaç inkâr edilemez. MikroRNA'lar (miRNA'lar) moleküler biyolojinin tıp dünyasına bu bağlamda kazandırdığı moleküller olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu minik moleküller, gen ekspresyonunun ana düzenleyicileri olarak görev yapmaka ve glioblastoma tanısı, prognoz tahmini ve biyobelirleyici geliştirilmesi için muazzam bir potansiyel barındırmaktadır. Son araştırmalar, miRNA'ların tedavi stratejisi olarak kullanılabileceğini vurgulamakta ve bilimsel ilgiyi bu noktaya çekmektedir. Bu inceleme, DSÖ CNS5 sınıflandırması çerçevesinde IDH-wild tip glioblastoma kapsamında miRNA'ların güncel ilişkilerini incelemektedir. Geniş veri tabanlarından yararlanarak, en son DSÖ sınıflandırmasında tanımlanan genetik anormallikler ile düzensiz miRNA'lar arasındaki karmaşık ilişki bu makale kapsamında araştırılmıştır. Önerilen moleküler biyobelirteçleri ve ilişkili miRNA düzensizliğini analiz ederek, bu agresif kanser tipi için kişiselleştirilmiş, miRNA bazlı tedavilerin geliştirilmesinin önünü açmayı amaçlıyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyobelirteç
• Dünya Sağlık Örgütü
• Epigenetik
• Glioblastoma
• MikroRNA

Kaynakça

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