The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Different Occupational Groups in terms of Coronaphobia, Barriers to Physical Activity, and Quality of Life

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare coronaphobia, barriers to physical activity, the levels of physical activity and quality of life in different occupational groups during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods: 1685 individuals were included in this study. Participants were grouped per their professions as students (n=498), healthcare workers (n=259), desk workers (n=419), private sector/self-employed (n=201), army/security personnel (n=88), and non-classified (n= 220). Coronaphobia levels (Covid-19 Phobia Scale, C19P-S), barriers to physical activity (Physical Activity Barriers Questionnaire, PABQ), quality of life levels (Nottingham Health Profile, NHP) were evaluated.
Results: C19P-S total and "Psychological" and "Social" sub-dimension mean scores, PABQ total and "Personal" sub-dimension mean scores were higher in the student group compared to the other groups (p<0.001). The mean score of the C19P-S “Economic” sub-dimension was higher in the private sector/self-employed group (p<0.001). The PABQ “Social” sub-dimension score was found to be higher in healthcare workers (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study support that barrier to physical activity in health workers may be caused by social factors and the coronaphobia of individuals in the private sector/self-employed group may be mostly caused by economic reasons. This study suggests that the lifestyle of different occupational groups may be affected from different aspects of the pandemic. In future studies, an individual exercise tracking system can be created for all occupational groups.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• Occupations
• Exercise
• Quality of Life

Covid-19 Pandemisinin Farklı Meslek Gruplarına Koronafobi, Fiziksel Aktivite Engelleri, Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi ve Yaşam Kalitesi Açısından Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı meslek gruplarında Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında koronafobi, fiziksel aktivite engelleri, fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ve yaşam kalitelerini karşılaştırmaktı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 1685 kişi dahil edildi. Katılımcılar mesleklerine göre öğrenci (n=498), sağlık çalışanı (n=259), masa başı çalışan (n=419), özel sektör/serbest meslek (n=201), silahlı kuvvetler/güvenlik personeli (n=88) ve sınıflandırılmamış grup (n= 220) olarak gruplandırıldı. Koronafobi düzeyleri (Covid-19 Fobi Ölçeği, C19F-Ö), fiziksel aktivite engelleri (Fiziksel Aktivite Engelleri Anketi, FAEÖ), yaşam kalitesi düzeyleri (Nottingham Sağlık Profili, NSP) değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: C19F-Ö toplam ve "Psikolojik" ve "Sosyal" alt boyut puan ortalamaları, FAEÖ toplam ve "Kişisel" alt boyut puan ortalamaları öğrenci grubunda diğer gruplara göre daha yüksekti (p<0,001). C19P-Ö “Ekonomik” alt boyutu puan ortalaması özel sektör/serbest meslek grubunda daha yüksekti (p<0,001). FAEÖ “Sosyal” alt boyut puanı sağlık çalışanlarında daha yüksek bulundu (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, sağlık çalışanlarında fiziksel aktivite engelinin sosyal faktörlerden kaynaklanabileceğini ve özel sektör/serbest meslek grubundaki bireylerin koronafobisinin daha çok ekonomik nedenlerden kaynaklanabileceğini desteklemektedir. Bu çalışma, farklı meslek gruplarının yaşam tarzlarının pandeminin farklı yönlerinden etkilenebileceğini düşündürmektedir. İleride yapılacak çalışmalarda tüm meslek grupları için bireysel egzersiz takip sistemi oluşturulabilir.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• Meslekler
• Egzersiz
• Yaşam Kalitesi

References

1. Algahtani FD, Hassan SN, Alsaif B, Zrieq R. (2021). Assessment of the Quality of Life during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 18(3), 847. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18030847
2. Arpacı I, Karataş K, Baloğlu M. (2020). The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). Pers Individ Dif. 164, 110108. Doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110108.
3. Atlantis E, Barnes EH, Ball K. (2008). Weight status and perception barriers to healthy physical activity and diet behavior. Int J Obes 32, 343–352.
4. Cheval B, Sivaramakrishnan H, Maltagliati S, Fessler L, Forestier C, Sarrazin P, et al. (2021). Relationships between changes in self-reported physical activity, sedentary behaviour and health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in France and Switzerland. Journal of Sports Sciences. 39(6), 699-704. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1841396
5. Coto J, Restrepo A, Cejas I, Prentiss S. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on allied health professions. Plus One. 15(10), e0241328. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241328
6. Gourkhede DP, Ravichandran K, Kandhan S, Ram VP, Dhayananth B, Megha GK, et al. (2020). COVID-19: Mental Health Issues and Impact on Different Professions. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 9(7), 2994-3013. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.907.353
7. Hacımusalar Y, Kahve AC, Yasar AB, Aydin MS. (2020). Anxiety and hopelessness levels in COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative study of healthcare professionals and other community sample in Turkey. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 129, 181–188. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.024
8. Ibrahim S, Karim SA, Oon NL, Ngah WZW. Perceived physical activity barriers related to body weight status and sociodemographic factors among Malaysian men in Klang Valley. BMC Public Health 2013, 13(275), 1-10. Doi: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/275

9. Kücükdeveci AA, McKenna SP, Kutlay S, Gürsel Y, Whalley D, Arasil T. (2000). The development and psychometric assessment of the Turkish version of the Nottingham Health Profile. Int J Rehabil Res. 23(1), 31-8. doi: 10.1097/00004356-200023010-00004
10. Mertens G, Gerritsen L, Duijndam S, Salemink E, Engelhard IM. (2020). Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020. J Anxiety Disord. 74, 102258. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis. 102258
11. Miller RG. (1981). Simultaneous statistical inference. New York: McGraw-Hill. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4613-8122-8
12. Özmen T, Gündüz R, Doğan H, Zoroğlu T, Acar D. (2016). Kronik Bel Ağrılı Hastalarda Kinezyofobi ve Yaşam Kalitesi Arasındaki İlişki. F.Ü.Sağ.Bil.Tıp Derg. 30 (1), 1–4. http://tip.fusabil.org/pdf/pdf_FUSABIL_1113.pdf
13. Papaioannou AG, Schinke RJ, Chang YK, Kim YH, Duda JL. (2020). Physical activity, health and well-being in an imposed social distanced World. Internatıonal Journal of Sport and Exercıse Psychology. 18(4), 414–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2020.1773195
14. Portaluppi F, Smolensky MH, Touitou Y. (2010). Ethics and methods for biological rhythm research on animals and human beings. Chronobiol Int. 27(9–10), 1911–1929. Doi:10.3109/07420528.2010.516381.
15. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health Corona Table, (2021). Retrieved from. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/?_Dil=2. Accessed July 11, 2021.
16. Ruiz-Fernández MD, Ramos-Pichardo JD, Ibáñez-Masero O, Cabrera-Troya J, Carmona-Rega MI, Ortega-Galán AM. (2020). Compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction and perceived stress in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 health crisis in Spain. J Clin Nurs. 29, 4321–4330. Doi: 10.1111/jocn.15469
17. Srivastav AK, Sharma N, Samuel AJ. (2021). Impact of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) lockdown on physical activity and energy expenditure among physiotherapy professionals and students using web-based open E-survey sent through WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram messengers. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 9, 78-84. Doi: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.07.003
18. Sağlam M, Arıkan H, Savci S, İnal-İnce D, Boşnak-Güçlü M KE et al. (2010). International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Ski. 111(1), 278-284. Doi: 10.2466/06.08.PMS.111.4.278-284
19. Tarsuslu Şimşek T, Tütün Yümin E, Sertel M, Öztürk A, Yümin M. (2010). Kadın ve Erkek Yaşlı Bireylerde Depresyonun Sağlıkla İlgili Yaşam Kalitesi ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti Üzerine Etkisi. F.Ü. Sağ.Bil. Tıp Derg. 24(3), 147–153. http://tip.fusabil.org/pdf/pdf_FUSABIL_755.pdf
20. Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
21. Toprak Celenay Ş, Karaaslan Y, Mete O, Ozer Kaya D. (2020). Coronaphobia, musculoskeletal pain, and sleep quality in stay-at home and continued-working persons during the 3-month Covid-19 pandemic lockdown in Turkey. Chronobiology International. 37(12), 1778-1785. Doi: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1815759
22. Ugbolue UC, Duclos M, Urzeala C, Berthon M, Kulik K, Bota A, et al. (2020). An Assessment of the Novel COVISTRESS Questionnaire: COVID-19 Impact on Physical Activity, Sedentary Action and Psychological Emotion. J. Clin. Med. 9(10), 3352. doi:10.3390/jcm9103352
23. WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation report-113. Retrieved from. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200512- covid-19-sitrep-113.pdf?sfvrsn¼feac3b6d_2. Accessed May 13, 2020.
24. Yurtçiçek S, Hotun Şahin N, Miral M. (2018). Fiziksel Aktivite Engelleri Ölçeğinin Türkçe Formunun fGeçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. The Journal of Academic Social Science. 6(71), 39