Gıda Okuryazarlığının, Akdeniz Diyetine Uyum ve Beslenmeyle İlintili Biyokimyasal Bulgularla İlişkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, gıda okuryazarlığının, yetişkinlerde, Akdeniz diyetine uyum ve beslenmeyle ilintili biyokimyasal parametreler (açlık glikozu, HDL, LDL ve toplam kolesterol, trigliserit, hemoglobin ve albümin) ile ilişkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma Ekim 2022-Haziran 2023 tarihleri arasında, İstanbul’da, Süleyman Yalçın Şehir Hastanesi’ne başvuran toplam 245 yetişkin ile yürütülmüştür. Bireylerin genel bilgileri, gıda okuryazarlığı ve Akdeniz diyetine uyumu araştırmacılar tarafından yüz yüze sorgulanmıştır. Gıda okuryazarlığı, Gıda Okuryazarlığı Anketi Kısa Form (SFLQ) ile, Akdeniz diyetine uyum ise Akdeniz diyetine uyum ölçeği (MEDAS) ile saptanmıştır Katılımcıların biyokimyasal bulguları hastane dosyalarındaki mevcut güncel kayıtlardan elde edilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %51,4’ünde gıda okuryazarlığının ve %67,5’inde Akdeniz diyetine uyumun yetersiz olduğu, kadınların gıda okuryazarlığı düzeyinin erkeklerden yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Gıda okuryazarlığı ile Akdeniz diyetine uyum arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Gıda okuryazarlığı yeterli olan grupta yetersiz gruba göre, HDL, hemoglobin ve albümin seviyelerinin yüksek (p<0,05), LDL, toplam kolesterol ve trigliserit seviyelerinin düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Erkeklerde gıda okuryazarlığı puanının HDL ve albümin ile pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde korelasyon; kadınlarda ise açlık kan glikozu ile negatif, albümin ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada yetişkinlerde gıda okuryazarlığı ve Akdeniz diyetine uyumun yetersiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gıda okuryazarlığı ile Akdeniz diyetine uyum arasında bir ilişki bulunmamış ancak gıda okuryazarlığının beslenmeyle ilintili biyokimyasal göstergelerle ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Gıda okuryazarlığı optimal sağlıkla ilişkili biyokimyasal bulgular ile pozitif ilişkilidir, gıda okuryazarlığının geliştirilmesi beslenmeyle ilintili kronik hastalık risklerinin kontrol edilmesinde etkili olabilir.

Keywords

• gıda okuryazarlığı
• Akdeniz diyeti
• beslenme
• biyokimya

The Relationship Between Food Literacy, Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Nutritional Biochemical Parameters

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of food literacy with the Mediterranean diet adherence and nutrition related biochemical parameters in adults. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted with a total of 245 adults, at Istanbul between October 2022-June 2023. Individuals' general characteristics, food literacy and adherence to Mediterranean diet were questioned face to face by the researchers. Food literacy was assessed with short food literacy questionnaire and adherence to Meditarrenean diet was assessed with Meditarranean diet adherence scale. The biochemical parameters of the participants were obtained from the current records in the hospital. Results: Food literacy was insufficient in 51.4% of the participants and adherence to Mediterranean diet was insufficient in 67.5% and the food literacy level of women was higher than men (p<0.05). No significant relationship was found between food literacy and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. HDL, hemoglobin and albumin levels were higher (p<0.05) and LDL, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were lower in the group with adequate food literacy compared to the group with inadequate food literacy. The food literacy score had a moderate positive correlation with HDL and albumin in men and a negative correlation with fasting blood glucose and a positive correlation with albumin in women. Conclusion: In this study, food literacy and adherence to Mediterranean diet were insufficient in adults. No relationship was found between food literacy and adherence to Mediterranean diet, but food literacy has been found to be associated with nutrition related biochemical indicators. Food literacy is positively associated with biochemical parameters related to optimal health and negatively associated with biochemical findings related to suboptimal health. As a result improving food literacy can be effective in controlling the risks of diet-related chronic diseases.

Keywords

• food literacy
• Mediterranean diet
• nutrition
• biochemistry

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