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Approaches of National and International Students Studying in the English Nursing Bachelor’s Program Regarding Career Planning and Career Future: A Descriptive and Cross-sectional Study

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 944 - 960, 31.12.2025

Öz

Objectives: This descriptive and cross-sectional study aimed to investigate career planning and career future approaches of national and international students receiving nursing education in English.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with nursing undergraduates (n = 148) at a foundation university in Türkiye during the 2023-2024 academic year. Data were collected online through the Participants' Descriptive Characteristics Form and the 28-item Career Future Inventory-Revised (CFI-R). CFI-R consists of five factors, including Career Agency (CA), Negative Career Outlook (NCO), Occupational Awareness (OA), Support (SPT), and Work-Life Balance (WLB).
Results: 41.89% of participants were first-year students, and 61.49% were national students. The mean CFI-R score was 3.70 ± 0.47, with factor values of CA = 4.07 ± 0.52, NCO = 2.81 ± 1.08, OA = 3.63 ± 0.59, SPT = 3.99 ± 0.72, and WLB = 3.99 ± 0.64. Desire to work in healthcare (n = 75), advice from family members (n = 32), and broad career opportunities globally (n = 15) were the primary reasons for choosing the English nursing program. The most common career plans were working abroad (n = 33), becoming an academic (n = 29), and achieving excellence in their field (n = 23).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that national and international nursing students have a positive attitude towards their career future and begin to set career goals during their undergraduate years. Career planning aligned with global trends and systems that track pre- and post-graduation career interests may support students. Awareness and skills of nursing students regarding international career orientations can be increased with an intercultural student-centered approach and interdisciplinary models. Multi-centered national and international studies are recommended for further research.

Kaynakça

  • Ait Ali, D., Ncila, O., Ouhhamou, S., Rizzo, A., Chirico, F., & Khabbache, H. (2024). Motivations driving career choices: Insights from a study among nursing students. SAGE Open Nursing, 10, 23779608241255876. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608241255876
  • Akman Yılmaz, A., İlçe, A., Can Çicek, S., Yüzden, G. E., & Yiğit, Ü. (2016). The effect of a career activity on the students' perception of the nursing profession and their career plan: A single-group experimental study. Nurse Education Today, 39, 176–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.01.021
  • Akman Yılmaz, A., Coşkun Palaz, S., Yiğit, Ü., Gençer Şendur, E., Bulut, M., & İlçe, A. (2023). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kariyer planlamaya ilişkin gereksinimleri [Nursing students' requirements for career planning]. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi (University of Health Sciences Journal of Nursing), 5(2), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.1219938
  • Alnajjar, H. A., & Abou Hashish, E. A. (2024). Exploring the effectiveness of the Career Guidance and Counseling Program on the perceived readiness for the job market: A lived experience among nursing students. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1403730. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1403730
  • Conroy, T. (2018). Factors influencing the delivery of the fundamentals of care: Perceptions of nurses, nursing leaders and healthcare consumers. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(11-12), 2373–2386. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14183
  • Çetin Avcı, S., Işık, G., Egelioğlu Cetişli, N., Üşümez, D., Şencandan, B., & Bektaş, C. (2019). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin profesyonel değerleri ve kariyer planları [Professional values and career plans of nursing students]. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi (Journal of Health Sciences and Professions), 6(2), 256–265. https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.441835
  • Gassas, R., & Salem, O. (2022). Factors affecting nurses' professional values: A comprehensive integrative review. Nurse Education Today, 118, 105515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105515
  • Hassmiller, S., & Wakefield, M. K. (2022). The future of nursing 2020–2030: Charting a path to achieve health equity. Nursing Outlook, 70(6), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2022.06.007
  • Hill, B. (2023). RCN’s new definition of nursing reflects changes in health care. British Journal of Nursing, 32(19), 918. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2023.32.19.918
  • IBM Corp. (2022). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 28.0) [Computer software]. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
  • Kaya, N. (2023). Science, art, and nursing. CURARE - Journal of Nursing, 1, 38–42. https://doi.org/10.26650/CURARE.2023.006
  • Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., Gupta, A., Sahu, C., & Keshri, A. (2019). Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 22(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.ACA_157_18
  • Ni, Y. X., Li, L., & Li, J. P. (2023). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Career Growth Scale for nurses. Asian Nursing Research, 17(4), 200–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2023.08.001
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (February 21, 2021). International migration and movement of nursing personnel to and within OECD countries - 2000 to 2018: Developments in countries of destination and impact on countries of origin (OECD Health Working Papers No. 125). OECD Publications. https://doi.org/10.1787/b286a957-en
  • Özkanan, A., Acar, O. K., & Çıragöz, M. B. (2022). Kariyer yönetimine biçilen değer: Üniversitelerin kariyer merkezleri üzerine bir inceleme [The value attempted to be given to career management: A research on the career centers at universities]. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.33905/bseusbed.987983
  • Öztemel, K. (2022). Kariyer geliştirme ve planlama [Career development and planning]. (4. Baskı).
  • Raosoft. (2024). Raosoft Sample Size Calculator. http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html. Date of access: April 4, 2024.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health General Directorate of Health Information Systems. (2025). Health Statistics Yearbook 2023 (Ministry of Health Publication No: 1302). Retrieved from https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/50208/0/siy2023ingilizce31012025pdf.pdf. Date of access: March 1, 2025.
  • Rottinghaus, P. J., Day, S. X., & Borgen, F. H. (2005). The Career Futures Inventory: A measure of career-related adaptability and optimism. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072704270271
  • Rottinghaus, P. J., Buelow, K. L., Matyja, A., & Schneider, M. R. (2012). The Career Futures Inventory–Revised: Measuring dimensions of career adaptability. Journal of Career Assessment, 20(2), 123–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072711420849
  • Shoqirat, N., & Abu-Qamar, M. Z. (2015). From placement to employment: Career preferences of Jordanian nursing students. Nurse Education in Practice, 15(5), 366–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2015.04.004
  • Sönmez, B., Önal, M., & Yıldız, G. (2019). Hemşirelik son sınıf öğrencilerinin kariyer değerleri ve kariyer geleceği arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi [Determining the correlation between career values and career future of the fourth-year nursing students]. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi, 6(1), 127–135. https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.415119
  • Şen, S., Özdilek, S., & Öz, E. N. (2021). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinde kariyer geleceği ile hemşirelik mesleğine yönelik imaj algısı arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi [Determining the relationship between career future and image perception of nursing profession in nursing students]. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi, 8(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.5222/SHYD.2021.62408
  • Taş, A., & Aytaç, T. (2021). Kariyer geliştirme ve planlama: Kuram yöntem uygulama [Career development and planning: Theory method practice]. (1. Baskı).
  • Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach's alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53–55. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd
  • Tosunöz, İ. K., & Nazik, E. (2022). Career future perceptions and attitudes towards migration of nursing students: A cross-sectional multicenter study. Nurse Education in Practice, 63, 103413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103413
  • Waddell, J., Spalding, K., Canizares, G., Navarro, J., Connell, M., Jancar, S., Stinson, J., & Victor, C. (2015). Integrating a career planning and development program into the baccalaureate nursing curriculum: Part I. Impact on students' career resilience. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 12, 162–173. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnes-2014-0035
  • Wei, L. Z., Zhou, S. S., Hu, S., Zhou, Z., & Chen, J. (2021). Influences of nursing students' career planning, internship experience, and other factors on professional identity. Nurse Education Today, 99, 104781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104781
  • Weng, Q., & Zhu, L. (2020). Individuals' career growth within and across organizations: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Career Development, 47(3), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845320921951
  • White, J., Gunn, M., Chiarella, M., Catton, H., & Stewart, D. (2025). Renewing the definitions of “nursing” and “a nurse” (Final project report, June 2025). International Council of Nurses.
  • Winters, J. M., Wang, H., Duwel, L. E., Spudich, E. A., & Stanford, J. S. (2018). Developing a backup plan: Implementing a career-planning course for undergraduate biology majors. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 19(3), 19.3.91. https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v19i3.1449
  • World Health Organization. (2019). Gender equity in the health workforce: Analysis of 104 countries. Health workforce working paper 1 (WHO/HIS/HWF/Gender/WP1/2019.1). License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Retrieved from https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/311314. Date of access: March 20, 2025.
  • Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu (Council of Higher Education). (2025). 2023-2024 Öğretim Yılı Yükseköğretim İstatistikleri [2023-2024 Academic Year Higher Education Statistics]. Retrieved from https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/. Date of access: February 20, 2025.

Approaches of National and International Students Studying in the English Nursing Bachelor’s Program Regarding Career Planning and Career Future: A Descriptive and Cross-sectional Study

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 944 - 960, 31.12.2025

Öz

Objectives: This descriptive and cross-sectional study aimed to investigate career planning and career future approaches of national and international students receiving nursing education in English.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with nursing undergraduates (n = 148) at a foundation university in Türkiye during the 2023-2024 academic year. Data were collected online through the Participants' Descriptive Characteristics Form and the 28-item Career Future Inventory-Revised (CFI-R). CFI-R consists of five factors, including Career Agency (CA), Negative Career Outlook (NCO), Occupational Awareness (OA), Support (SPT), and Work-Life Balance (WLB).
Results: 41.89% of participants were first-year students, and 61.49% were national students. The mean CFI-R score was 3.70 ± 0.47, with factor values of CA = 4.07 ± 0.52, NCO = 2.81 ± 1.08, OA = 3.63 ± 0.59, SPT = 3.99 ± 0.72, and WLB = 3.99 ± 0.64. Desire to work in healthcare (n = 75), advice from family members (n = 32), and broad career opportunities globally (n = 15) were the primary reasons for choosing the English nursing program. The most common career plans were working abroad (n = 33), becoming an academic (n = 29), and achieving excellence in their field (n = 23).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that national and international nursing students have a positive attitude towards their career future and begin to set career goals during their undergraduate years. Career planning aligned with global trends and systems that track pre- and post-graduation career interests may support students. Awareness and skills of nursing students regarding international career orientations can be increased with an intercultural student-centered approach and interdisciplinary models. Multi-centered national and international studies are recommended for further research.

Kaynakça

  • Ait Ali, D., Ncila, O., Ouhhamou, S., Rizzo, A., Chirico, F., & Khabbache, H. (2024). Motivations driving career choices: Insights from a study among nursing students. SAGE Open Nursing, 10, 23779608241255876. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608241255876
  • Akman Yılmaz, A., İlçe, A., Can Çicek, S., Yüzden, G. E., & Yiğit, Ü. (2016). The effect of a career activity on the students' perception of the nursing profession and their career plan: A single-group experimental study. Nurse Education Today, 39, 176–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.01.021
  • Akman Yılmaz, A., Coşkun Palaz, S., Yiğit, Ü., Gençer Şendur, E., Bulut, M., & İlçe, A. (2023). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kariyer planlamaya ilişkin gereksinimleri [Nursing students' requirements for career planning]. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi (University of Health Sciences Journal of Nursing), 5(2), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.1219938
  • Alnajjar, H. A., & Abou Hashish, E. A. (2024). Exploring the effectiveness of the Career Guidance and Counseling Program on the perceived readiness for the job market: A lived experience among nursing students. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1403730. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1403730
  • Conroy, T. (2018). Factors influencing the delivery of the fundamentals of care: Perceptions of nurses, nursing leaders and healthcare consumers. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(11-12), 2373–2386. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14183
  • Çetin Avcı, S., Işık, G., Egelioğlu Cetişli, N., Üşümez, D., Şencandan, B., & Bektaş, C. (2019). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin profesyonel değerleri ve kariyer planları [Professional values and career plans of nursing students]. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi (Journal of Health Sciences and Professions), 6(2), 256–265. https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.441835
  • Gassas, R., & Salem, O. (2022). Factors affecting nurses' professional values: A comprehensive integrative review. Nurse Education Today, 118, 105515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105515
  • Hassmiller, S., & Wakefield, M. K. (2022). The future of nursing 2020–2030: Charting a path to achieve health equity. Nursing Outlook, 70(6), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2022.06.007
  • Hill, B. (2023). RCN’s new definition of nursing reflects changes in health care. British Journal of Nursing, 32(19), 918. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2023.32.19.918
  • IBM Corp. (2022). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 28.0) [Computer software]. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
  • Kaya, N. (2023). Science, art, and nursing. CURARE - Journal of Nursing, 1, 38–42. https://doi.org/10.26650/CURARE.2023.006
  • Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., Gupta, A., Sahu, C., & Keshri, A. (2019). Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 22(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.ACA_157_18
  • Ni, Y. X., Li, L., & Li, J. P. (2023). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Career Growth Scale for nurses. Asian Nursing Research, 17(4), 200–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2023.08.001
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (February 21, 2021). International migration and movement of nursing personnel to and within OECD countries - 2000 to 2018: Developments in countries of destination and impact on countries of origin (OECD Health Working Papers No. 125). OECD Publications. https://doi.org/10.1787/b286a957-en
  • Özkanan, A., Acar, O. K., & Çıragöz, M. B. (2022). Kariyer yönetimine biçilen değer: Üniversitelerin kariyer merkezleri üzerine bir inceleme [The value attempted to be given to career management: A research on the career centers at universities]. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.33905/bseusbed.987983
  • Öztemel, K. (2022). Kariyer geliştirme ve planlama [Career development and planning]. (4. Baskı).
  • Raosoft. (2024). Raosoft Sample Size Calculator. http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html. Date of access: April 4, 2024.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health General Directorate of Health Information Systems. (2025). Health Statistics Yearbook 2023 (Ministry of Health Publication No: 1302). Retrieved from https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/50208/0/siy2023ingilizce31012025pdf.pdf. Date of access: March 1, 2025.
  • Rottinghaus, P. J., Day, S. X., & Borgen, F. H. (2005). The Career Futures Inventory: A measure of career-related adaptability and optimism. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072704270271
  • Rottinghaus, P. J., Buelow, K. L., Matyja, A., & Schneider, M. R. (2012). The Career Futures Inventory–Revised: Measuring dimensions of career adaptability. Journal of Career Assessment, 20(2), 123–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072711420849
  • Shoqirat, N., & Abu-Qamar, M. Z. (2015). From placement to employment: Career preferences of Jordanian nursing students. Nurse Education in Practice, 15(5), 366–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2015.04.004
  • Sönmez, B., Önal, M., & Yıldız, G. (2019). Hemşirelik son sınıf öğrencilerinin kariyer değerleri ve kariyer geleceği arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi [Determining the correlation between career values and career future of the fourth-year nursing students]. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi, 6(1), 127–135. https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.415119
  • Şen, S., Özdilek, S., & Öz, E. N. (2021). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinde kariyer geleceği ile hemşirelik mesleğine yönelik imaj algısı arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi [Determining the relationship between career future and image perception of nursing profession in nursing students]. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi, 8(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.5222/SHYD.2021.62408
  • Taş, A., & Aytaç, T. (2021). Kariyer geliştirme ve planlama: Kuram yöntem uygulama [Career development and planning: Theory method practice]. (1. Baskı).
  • Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach's alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53–55. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd
  • Tosunöz, İ. K., & Nazik, E. (2022). Career future perceptions and attitudes towards migration of nursing students: A cross-sectional multicenter study. Nurse Education in Practice, 63, 103413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103413
  • Waddell, J., Spalding, K., Canizares, G., Navarro, J., Connell, M., Jancar, S., Stinson, J., & Victor, C. (2015). Integrating a career planning and development program into the baccalaureate nursing curriculum: Part I. Impact on students' career resilience. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 12, 162–173. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnes-2014-0035
  • Wei, L. Z., Zhou, S. S., Hu, S., Zhou, Z., & Chen, J. (2021). Influences of nursing students' career planning, internship experience, and other factors on professional identity. Nurse Education Today, 99, 104781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104781
  • Weng, Q., & Zhu, L. (2020). Individuals' career growth within and across organizations: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Career Development, 47(3), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845320921951
  • White, J., Gunn, M., Chiarella, M., Catton, H., & Stewart, D. (2025). Renewing the definitions of “nursing” and “a nurse” (Final project report, June 2025). International Council of Nurses.
  • Winters, J. M., Wang, H., Duwel, L. E., Spudich, E. A., & Stanford, J. S. (2018). Developing a backup plan: Implementing a career-planning course for undergraduate biology majors. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 19(3), 19.3.91. https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v19i3.1449
  • World Health Organization. (2019). Gender equity in the health workforce: Analysis of 104 countries. Health workforce working paper 1 (WHO/HIS/HWF/Gender/WP1/2019.1). License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Retrieved from https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/311314. Date of access: March 20, 2025.
  • Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu (Council of Higher Education). (2025). 2023-2024 Öğretim Yılı Yükseköğretim İstatistikleri [2023-2024 Academic Year Higher Education Statistics]. Retrieved from https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/. Date of access: February 20, 2025.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hemşirelik Esasları, Hemşirelik (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Vildan Çakar 0000-0002-0122-7405

Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 12 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Çakar, V. (2025). Approaches of National and International Students Studying in the English Nursing Bachelor’s Program Regarding Career Planning and Career Future: A Descriptive and Cross-sectional Study. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 12(3), 944-960. https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1685164