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Beslenme Eğitiminin Okul Çağı Çocuklarının Beslenme Alışkanlıklarına ve Beslenme Bilgi Düzeyine Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 351 - 366, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1539248

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma okul çağı çocuklarında beslenme eğitiminin beslenme bilgi düzeyi ve beslenme alışkanlıklarına etkisini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya TED Kayseri Koleji altıncı sınıfındaki, 11-12 yaş arası öğrencilerden eğitim grubuna 23, kontrol grubuna 19 öğrenci katılmıştır. Veriler eğitim öncesi ve eğitim sonrası dördüncü haftada katılımcıların sosyodemografik bilgileri ve beslenme bilgi düzeylerine ilişkin soruları ve besin tüketim sıklığını içeren anket ile yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Eğitim öncesi grupların beslenme bilgi puanları arasında önemli düzeyde fark yoktur (p>0,05). Eğitim sonrası eğitim grubunun beslenme bilgi puanı ortalaması (12,47±2,23) eğitim öncesine (7,86±2,80) ve kontrol grubuna (8,21±3,67) göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Grupların besin gruplarını önerilen düzeylerde tüketim durumları Türküye Beslenme Rehberi (TÜBER) referans alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Eğitim öncesi her iki grupta süt ve ürünleri, et-tavuk ve yumurtayı ve meyveleri önerilen düzeyde tüketenlerin oranı %50’den fazladır. Balık (eğitim grubu: %34,8, kontrol grubu: %26,3), kurubaklagil (eğitim grubu: %8,7, kontrol grubu: %0,0), taze sebzeler (eğitim grubu: %4,3, kontrol grubu: %0,0) ve ekmek-tahıl grubundan (eğitim grubu: %4,3, kontrol grubu: %5,3) önerileri yeterli karşılayan öğrencilerin oranı her iki grupta da oldukça düşüktür. Eğitim sonrası gruplardaki öğrencilerin besin gruplarından önerilen miktarlarda tüketenlerin oranı eğitim öncesinden farklı olmayıp gruplar arasında da önemli düzeyde fark saptanmamıştır (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Bu bulgular doğrultusunda verilen beslenme eğitiminin beslenme bilgisini artırdığı ancak beslenme alışkanlıklarını değiştirmediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Okullarda verilecek beslenme eğitiminin beslenme alışkanlıklarına yansıması için uzun süreli olması ve belirli aralıklarla tekrar edilmesi önerilir.

Etik Beyan

Araştırmanın yürütülebilmesi için; Kayseri İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’nden izin ve Erciyes Üniversitesi Klinik Araştırma Etik Kurulu’ndan onay alınmıştır (Tarih: 02.05.2017 ve Karar No: 2017/314). Araştırmanın amacı açıklanarak öğrenciler ve velilerinden “Bilgilendirilmiş Gönüllü Olur Formu” aracılığıyla onayları alınmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Çalışma kapsamında finansal destek alınmamıştır.

Teşekkür

Araştırmanın yürütüldüğü TED Kayseri Koleji’ndeki yöneticilere, öğretmenlere ve araştırmaya katılan öğrencilere teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Bai, Y., Kim, Y. H., Han, Y. H., & Hyun, T. (2018). Impact of a school-based culinary nutrition education program on vegetable consumption behavior, intention, and personal factors among Korean second-graders. Nutrition Research And Practice, 12(6), 527–534. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2018.12.6.527
  • Besler, H.T., Meseri, R., Küçükerdönmez, Ö., ̧Sahin, H., Çiçek, B., Güne ̧s, E., Aktaç, S., Aksoy, B., Mutu ̧s, B. (2018). Implementation of a “Balanced Nutrition Education Program” among primary school children in Turkey. Nutrition, 55–56, S18–S21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.07.011
  • Charlton, K., Comerford, T., Deavin, N., & Walton, K. (2021). Characteristics of successful primary school-based experiential nutrition programmes: a systematic literature review. Public Health Nutrition, 24(14), 4642–4662. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980020004024
  • COSİ- TUR (2016). Türkiye Çocukluk Çağı (ilkokul 2.sınıf öğrencileri) Şişmanlık Araştırması. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/haberler/turkiyecocukluk-cagi-sismanlik/COSI-TUR-2016-Kitap.pdf. Accessed April 15, 2024.
  • Davis, J. N., Martinez, L. C., Spruijt-Metz, D., & Gatto, N. M. (2016). LA Sprouts: A 12-Week Gardening, Nutrition, and Cooking Randomized Control Trial Improves Determinants of Dietary Behaviors. Journal of Nutrition Education And Behavior, 48(1), 2–11.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2015.08.009
  • Dorado, J. B., Azaña, G. P., Viajar, R. V., Ramirez, M. A. R. M., Ferrer, E. B., Buyco, N. G., Aguila, D. V., & Capanzana, M. V. (2020). Assessing school-lunch feeding and nutrition education strategy for healthier kids in selected Philippine public schools. Nutrition And Health, 26(3), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/0260106020930466
  • Dunton, G. F., Liao, Y., Grana, R., Lagloire, R., Riggs, N., Chou, C. P., Robertson, T. (2014). State-wide dissemination of a school-based nutrition education programme: a RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) analysis. Public Health Nutrition, 17(2), 422–430. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980012005186
  • Erçelik, Z., Çağlar, S. (2023). The Effectiveness of School-based Interventions in Preventing Childhood Obesity and Depression in Turkey. Hong Kong Journal of Paediatrics, 28(4), 209-218.
  • Gold, A., Larson, M., Tucker, J., & Strang, M. (2017). Classroom Nutrition Education Combined With Fruit and Vegetable Taste Testing Improves Children's Dietary Intake. The Journal of School Health, 87(2), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12478
  • Hao, M., Han, W., & Yamauchi, T. (2019). Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of a Combined Intervention of Rope Skipping and Nutrition Education for Overweight Children in Northeast China. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 31(4), 348–358. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539519848275
  • Kaplan, B., & Çetinkaya, Ş., (2016). The nutrition education activity held at the Cumhuriyet Primary School in the town Özkonak in the province of Nevşehir in Turkey. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 9(3), 731-743.
  • Keshani P, Mousavi SM, Mirzaei Z, Hematdar Z., Maayeshi, N., Mirshekari, M., Ranjbaran, H., Faghih, S. (2016). Effect of a school-based nutrition education program on the nutritional status of primary school children. Nutrition and Food Sciences Research, 3(1):27-34. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.nfsr.3.1.27
  • Kesztyüs, D., Lauer, R., Kesztyüs, T., Kilian, R., Steinacker, J. M., & “Join the Healthy Boat” Study Group (2017). Costs and effects of a state-wide health promotion program in primary schools in Germany - the Baden-Württemberg Study: A cluster-randomized, controlled trial. PloS one, 12(2), e0172332. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172332
  • La Torre, G., Mannocci, A., Saulle, R., Sinopoli, A., D'Egidio, V., Sestili, C., Manfuso, R., & Masala, D. (2017). Improving knowledge and behaviors on diet and physical activity in children: results of a pilot randomized field trial. Annali di igiene: Medicina Preventiva e di Comunita, 29(6), 584-594. https://doi.org/10.7416/ai.2017.2187
  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2024). Öğretim programları izleme ve değerlendirme sistemi. https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Programlar.aspx. Accessed March 22, 2024.
  • Poelman, A. A. M., Cochet-Broch, M., Cox, D. N., Vogrig, D. (2019). Vegetable Education Program Positively Affects Factors Associated With Vegetable Consumption Among Australian Primary (Elementary) Schoolchildren. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 51(4), 492–497.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2018.11.002
  • Pongutta, S., Ajetunmobi, O., Davey, C., Ferguson, E., & Lin, L. (2022). Impacts of School Nutrition Interventions on the Nutritional Status of School-Aged Children in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 14(3), 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030589
  • Taşdemir, A. (2019). İlköğretim öğrencilerinde beslenme eğitimi üzerine bir araştırma. Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu, 4(1), 34-52. https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.345061
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2013). https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-ve-hareketli-hayat-db/Dokumanlar/Kitaplar/Okul_Oncesi_ve_Okul_Cagi_Cocuklara_Yonelik_Beslenme_Onerileri_ve_Menu_Programlari.pdf. Accessed April 19, 2024.
  • Toruner, E.K., Ayaz, S., Altay, N., Citak, E.A., Sahin, S. (2015). Efficacy of a school-based healthy life program in Turkey. Children’s Health Care, 44(1):69–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/02739615.2014.880918
  • TÜBER (2022). https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-ve-hareketli-hayat-db/Dokumanlar/Rehberler/Tur kiye_Beslenme_Rehber_TUBER_2022_min.pdf. Accessed April 25, 2023.
  • UNESCO (2020). Stepping up effective school health and nutrition: A partnership for healthy learners and brighter futures. https://www.unicef.org/media/94001/file/Partnership-for-Stepping-up-effective-SHN.pdf.pdf. Accessed May 8, 2024.
  • World Health Organization, Growth reference data for 5-19 years. http://who.int/growthref/who2007_bmi_for_age/en/. Accessed December 14, 2024.
  • World Obesity Federation, World Obesity Atlas 2024. https://data.worldobesity.org/publications/WOF-Obesity-Atlas-v7.pdf. Accessed May 5,2024.
  • Yip, C., Gates, M., Gates, A., Hanning, R. M. (2016). Peer-led nutrition education programs for school-aged youth: a systematic review of the literature. Health Education Research, 31(1), 82–97. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyv063
  • Zhou, W. J., Xu, X. L., Li, G., Sharma, M., Qie, Y. L., & Zhao, Y. (2016). Effectiveness of a school-based nutrition and food safety education program among primary and junior high school students in Chongqing, China. Global Health Promotion, 23(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757975914552914

The Effect of Nutrition Education on Nutritional Habits and Nutritional Knowledge Level of School-Age Children

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 351 - 366, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1539248

Öz

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of nutrition education on nutritional knowledge and eating habits in school-age children.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-three students in the education group and 19 students in the control group from the sixth grade of TED Kayseri College, aged 11-12 years, participated in the study. Data were collected by face-to-face interview with a questionnaire including questions about the participants' sociodemographic information, nutritional knowledge levels and food consumption frequency before and in the fourth week after the education.
Results: There was no significant difference between the nutritional knowledge scores of the groups before the education (p>0,05). The mean nutritional knowledge score of the post-education group (12,47±2,23) was significantly higher than the pre-education group (7,86±2,80) and the control group (8,21±3,67) (p<0,001). The groups' consumption of food groups at recommended levels was evaluated with reference to the Turkish Dietary Guidelines (TUBER). The rate of those who consumed milk and milk products, meat, chicken, eggs and fruits at the recommended level was more than 50% in both groups before the education. The proportion of students who responded adequately to the recommendations for fish (education group: 34,8%, control group: 26,3%), legumes (education group: 8,7%, control group: 0,0%), fresh vegetables (education group: 4,3%, control group: 0,0%) and bread and cereals (education group: 4,3%, control group: 5,3%) was quite low in both groups. The proportion of students in the post-education groups who consumed the recommended amounts of food groups was not different from the pre-education groups and no significant difference was found between the groups (p>0,05).
Conclusion: In line with these findings, it was concluded that nutrition education increased nutritional knowledge but did not change nutritional habits. It is recommended that nutrition education to be given in schools should be long-term and repeated at regular intervals in order to be reflected on nutritional habits.

Etik Beyan

In order to conduct the study, permission was obtained from Kayseri Provincial Directorate of National Education and approval was obtained from Erciyes University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Date: 02.05.2017 and Decision No: 2017/314). The purpose of the study was explained and the consent of the students and their parents was obtained through the “Informed Voluntary Consent Form”.

Destekleyen Kurum

No financial support was received within the scope of the study.

Teşekkür

We would like to thank the administrators, teachers and students who participated in the study at TED Kayseri College.

Kaynakça

  • Bai, Y., Kim, Y. H., Han, Y. H., & Hyun, T. (2018). Impact of a school-based culinary nutrition education program on vegetable consumption behavior, intention, and personal factors among Korean second-graders. Nutrition Research And Practice, 12(6), 527–534. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2018.12.6.527
  • Besler, H.T., Meseri, R., Küçükerdönmez, Ö., ̧Sahin, H., Çiçek, B., Güne ̧s, E., Aktaç, S., Aksoy, B., Mutu ̧s, B. (2018). Implementation of a “Balanced Nutrition Education Program” among primary school children in Turkey. Nutrition, 55–56, S18–S21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.07.011
  • Charlton, K., Comerford, T., Deavin, N., & Walton, K. (2021). Characteristics of successful primary school-based experiential nutrition programmes: a systematic literature review. Public Health Nutrition, 24(14), 4642–4662. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980020004024
  • COSİ- TUR (2016). Türkiye Çocukluk Çağı (ilkokul 2.sınıf öğrencileri) Şişmanlık Araştırması. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/haberler/turkiyecocukluk-cagi-sismanlik/COSI-TUR-2016-Kitap.pdf. Accessed April 15, 2024.
  • Davis, J. N., Martinez, L. C., Spruijt-Metz, D., & Gatto, N. M. (2016). LA Sprouts: A 12-Week Gardening, Nutrition, and Cooking Randomized Control Trial Improves Determinants of Dietary Behaviors. Journal of Nutrition Education And Behavior, 48(1), 2–11.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2015.08.009
  • Dorado, J. B., Azaña, G. P., Viajar, R. V., Ramirez, M. A. R. M., Ferrer, E. B., Buyco, N. G., Aguila, D. V., & Capanzana, M. V. (2020). Assessing school-lunch feeding and nutrition education strategy for healthier kids in selected Philippine public schools. Nutrition And Health, 26(3), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/0260106020930466
  • Dunton, G. F., Liao, Y., Grana, R., Lagloire, R., Riggs, N., Chou, C. P., Robertson, T. (2014). State-wide dissemination of a school-based nutrition education programme: a RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) analysis. Public Health Nutrition, 17(2), 422–430. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980012005186
  • Erçelik, Z., Çağlar, S. (2023). The Effectiveness of School-based Interventions in Preventing Childhood Obesity and Depression in Turkey. Hong Kong Journal of Paediatrics, 28(4), 209-218.
  • Gold, A., Larson, M., Tucker, J., & Strang, M. (2017). Classroom Nutrition Education Combined With Fruit and Vegetable Taste Testing Improves Children's Dietary Intake. The Journal of School Health, 87(2), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12478
  • Hao, M., Han, W., & Yamauchi, T. (2019). Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of a Combined Intervention of Rope Skipping and Nutrition Education for Overweight Children in Northeast China. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 31(4), 348–358. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539519848275
  • Kaplan, B., & Çetinkaya, Ş., (2016). The nutrition education activity held at the Cumhuriyet Primary School in the town Özkonak in the province of Nevşehir in Turkey. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 9(3), 731-743.
  • Keshani P, Mousavi SM, Mirzaei Z, Hematdar Z., Maayeshi, N., Mirshekari, M., Ranjbaran, H., Faghih, S. (2016). Effect of a school-based nutrition education program on the nutritional status of primary school children. Nutrition and Food Sciences Research, 3(1):27-34. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.nfsr.3.1.27
  • Kesztyüs, D., Lauer, R., Kesztyüs, T., Kilian, R., Steinacker, J. M., & “Join the Healthy Boat” Study Group (2017). Costs and effects of a state-wide health promotion program in primary schools in Germany - the Baden-Württemberg Study: A cluster-randomized, controlled trial. PloS one, 12(2), e0172332. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172332
  • La Torre, G., Mannocci, A., Saulle, R., Sinopoli, A., D'Egidio, V., Sestili, C., Manfuso, R., & Masala, D. (2017). Improving knowledge and behaviors on diet and physical activity in children: results of a pilot randomized field trial. Annali di igiene: Medicina Preventiva e di Comunita, 29(6), 584-594. https://doi.org/10.7416/ai.2017.2187
  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2024). Öğretim programları izleme ve değerlendirme sistemi. https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Programlar.aspx. Accessed March 22, 2024.
  • Poelman, A. A. M., Cochet-Broch, M., Cox, D. N., Vogrig, D. (2019). Vegetable Education Program Positively Affects Factors Associated With Vegetable Consumption Among Australian Primary (Elementary) Schoolchildren. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 51(4), 492–497.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2018.11.002
  • Pongutta, S., Ajetunmobi, O., Davey, C., Ferguson, E., & Lin, L. (2022). Impacts of School Nutrition Interventions on the Nutritional Status of School-Aged Children in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 14(3), 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030589
  • Taşdemir, A. (2019). İlköğretim öğrencilerinde beslenme eğitimi üzerine bir araştırma. Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu, 4(1), 34-52. https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.345061
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2013). https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-ve-hareketli-hayat-db/Dokumanlar/Kitaplar/Okul_Oncesi_ve_Okul_Cagi_Cocuklara_Yonelik_Beslenme_Onerileri_ve_Menu_Programlari.pdf. Accessed April 19, 2024.
  • Toruner, E.K., Ayaz, S., Altay, N., Citak, E.A., Sahin, S. (2015). Efficacy of a school-based healthy life program in Turkey. Children’s Health Care, 44(1):69–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/02739615.2014.880918
  • TÜBER (2022). https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-ve-hareketli-hayat-db/Dokumanlar/Rehberler/Tur kiye_Beslenme_Rehber_TUBER_2022_min.pdf. Accessed April 25, 2023.
  • UNESCO (2020). Stepping up effective school health and nutrition: A partnership for healthy learners and brighter futures. https://www.unicef.org/media/94001/file/Partnership-for-Stepping-up-effective-SHN.pdf.pdf. Accessed May 8, 2024.
  • World Health Organization, Growth reference data for 5-19 years. http://who.int/growthref/who2007_bmi_for_age/en/. Accessed December 14, 2024.
  • World Obesity Federation, World Obesity Atlas 2024. https://data.worldobesity.org/publications/WOF-Obesity-Atlas-v7.pdf. Accessed May 5,2024.
  • Yip, C., Gates, M., Gates, A., Hanning, R. M. (2016). Peer-led nutrition education programs for school-aged youth: a systematic review of the literature. Health Education Research, 31(1), 82–97. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyv063
  • Zhou, W. J., Xu, X. L., Li, G., Sharma, M., Qie, Y. L., & Zhao, Y. (2016). Effectiveness of a school-based nutrition and food safety education program among primary and junior high school students in Chongqing, China. Global Health Promotion, 23(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757975914552914
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Halk Sağlığı Beslenmesi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Meliha Çavdar 0000-0001-5122-7860

Müge Yılmaz 0000-0001-5998-1286

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 25 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çavdar, M., & Yılmaz, M. (2025). Beslenme Eğitiminin Okul Çağı Çocuklarının Beslenme Alışkanlıklarına ve Beslenme Bilgi Düzeyine Etkisi. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 12(2), 351-366. https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1539248