Güneydoğu Anadolu’da Üretilen Geleneksel Peynirlerin Mineral ve Ağır Metal İçerikleri, Türkiye

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesindeki Mardin, Batman, Şırnak, Diyarbakır ve Şanlıurfa illerinde üretilen geleneksel peynirlerde mineral ve ağır metal düzeylerinin belirlenerek iller arası farklılıkların ve olası halk sağlığı risklerinin değerlendirmesi amaçlanmıştır. Toplam 30 peynir örneği, İndüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma–Kütle Spektrometresi – ICP-MS yöntemi ile 15 mineral açısından analiz edilmiştir. Mineral maddelerin konsantrasyonlarındaki gruplar arası farklar ANOVA ve Kruskal–Wallis testleri ile, mineral maddeler arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon analizi ile ve peynirlerin coğrafi orijinleri Başlıca Bileşen Analizi (PCA) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Analizi yapılan minerallerin ortalama konsantrasyonları büyükten küçüğe Ca > Na > K > Mg > Zn > Fe > Al > Pb > Cu > Cd > Mn > Cr > Ni > Se olarak belirlenmiş olup, Mg, K ve Ca Mardin peynirlerinde oldukça yüksek konsantrasyonlarda bulunmuştur. Peynirlerde Pb, Cd ve As gibi ağır metallerin düzenli olarak izlenmesinin gıda güvenliğinin sağlanması açısından önemli olduğu değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

• ICP-MS
• peynir
• mineral
• ağır metaller

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma, Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Proje Birimi tarafından 25161 proje numarası ile desteklenmiştir.

Project Number

25161

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma “Hayvan Deneyleri Etik Kurullarının Çalışma Usul ve Esaslarına Dair Yönetmelik” Madde 8 (k) gereği HADYEK iznine tabi değildir.

Thanks

Bu projeye mali destek sağladığı için Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğüne teşekkür ederiz.

Mineral and Heavy Metal Contents of Traditional Cheeses Produced in Southeastern Anatolia, Türkiye

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the mineral and heavy metal contents of traditional cheeses from the Southeastern Anatolia region of Türkiye, and to assess inter-provincial differences as well as potential public health risks. A total of 30 cheese samples were analyzed for 15 minerals using the Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), including Mardin Melted Cheese (Mardin), Şırnak Herbed Cheese (Şırnak), Batman Koçer Cheese (Batman), Diyarbakır Braided Cheese (Diyarbakır), and Urfa/Şanlıurfa Cheese (Şanlıurfa). Intergroup differences were evaluated using ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests, relationships between minerals were assessed with correlation analysis, and geographical origins were examined using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Mean mineral concentrations, from highest to lowest, were Na > Ca > K > Mg > Zn > Fe > Al > Pb > Cu > Cd > Mn > Cr > Ni > Se > As. Correlation analysis indicated strong positive associations between certain minerals, such as Pb and Cd, and notable negative associations, such as Zn and Ni, suggesting some elements co-occur while others vary inversely due to shared environmental or production-related factors. Principal Component Analysis identified six components explaining 80.80% of variance, showing province-specific patterns: higher Pb and Cd in Şırnak, elevated Ni, Mg, and Mn in Şanlıurfa, increased Ca and Zn in Diyarbakır and Batman, and an intermediate composition in Mardin. These findings underscore the importance of regularly monitoring heavy metals, including Pb, Cd, and As, in traditional cheeses to ensure food safety and protect public health.

Keywords

• ICP-MS
• Traditional cheeses
• Mineral
• Heavy metals
• Türkiye

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by the Mardin Artuklu University Scientific Research Project Unit under project number 25161.

Project Number

25161

Ethical Statement

This study is not subject to HADYEK permission pursuant to Article 8(k) of the "Regulation on the Working Principles and Procedures of Animal Experimentation Ethics Committees."

Thanks

We would like to thank the Mardin Artuklu University Scientific Research Projects Coordinatorship for providing financial support for this project.

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