Öz
Yünün ilk kullanımı eski Mezopotamya'da koyunun evcilleştirilmesi ve seçici olarak yetiştirilmesi sonucunda gerçekleşmiştir. MÖ 5. ve 4. bin yılların sonlarında güney Mezopotamya'da uygarlık geliştikçe, o döneme ait kanıtlar domuz ve sığır yetiştiriciliğinin yerini göçebe keçi ve koyun yetiştiriciliğine bırakmaya başladığını göstermektedir. Bu gelişme, koyunun statü sembolü haline geldiği bölgenin ekonomisine bakılarak görülebilir. Ticaret ağı, statü sembolünü ve yünün o bölge için önemini açıkça göstermektedir. Yakın medeniyetlere ihraç edilen en önemli mallar arasındaydı. Mezopotamyalıların edebiyatı, yünün tanrısal karakter açısından önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Yün ile çok çeşitli yöntemler ve amaçlar kullanılmıştır. Tapınak sakinlerine çeşitli şekillerde kullanılmak üzere verilirdi; mal ve hizmetler için ödeme olarak kullanılırdı; ve başlangıçta battaniye, yastık, minder, halı, halat, savaş arabası ve binicilik ekipmanı, tekstil ve keçe üretiminde kullanılırdı. Bu şey aynı zamanda Eski Mezopotamyalılar ve dolaylı olarak Anadolu'daki Hititler için törensel bir nesne olarak da değerliydi. Özellikle bu eski toplumların şifa ritüellerinde çok renkli yün kullanımı oldukça şaşırtıcıdır. Eski Mezopotamya'nın tıbbi ritüel uygulamalarında en yaygın olan öğelerden biri, tedavi edici ritüel literatüründe bahsedilen çeşitli renklerdeki yünlerdi. Bu geleneklerin çoğu, Asur ticaret kolonileri döneminde Anadolu ile var olan önemli ticari ağ nedeniyle Hititlere geçmiştir. Hitit dini törenlerinde çeşitli renklerde yün kullanılmıştır. Yün, Hitit toplumu için dini yaşamdaki kirleticileri ve kötülükleri emme ve arındırma özelliğine sahipti. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yünün eski Mezopotamya ve Hitit şifa ayinlerindeki rolünü araştırmaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antikçağda Hastalık Antik Mezopotamya Hititler Tedavi Ritüelleri Renki Yünler Disease in Antiquity Ancient Mesopotamia Treatment Rituals Varicolored Wool
Kaynakça
- Ay, Ş. (2013). Mis-Pi, Pit-Pi Ritüelleri ve Eski Mezopotamya’da İnsan Tanrı İlişkisi. Tarih Okulu Dergisi, 6(XV), 1-21. google scholar
- Beckman, G. (2007). A Hittite Ritual for Depression (CTH 432), Tabularia Hethaeorum: Hethitologische Beiträge, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz. google scholar
- Benzel, K. G. Rakic, S. Watts, Y., & Edith W. (2010). Art of the Ancient Near East. The Metropolitan. New York: Museum of Art Publisher. google scholar
- Biga, M. G. (2014). Some Aspects of the Wool Economy at Ebla (Syria, 24th Century BC), Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean. Ancient Textile Series Vol. 17. United Kingdom: Oxbow Books. google scholar
- Biggs, D. R. (2005). Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health in Ancient Mesopotamia. Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies, 19(1), 1-19. google scholar
- Böck, B. (2013). When You Perform the Ritual of ‘Rubbing’: On Medicine and Magic in Ancient Mesopotamia. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 62 (1), the USA: The University of Chicago Press. google scholar
- Breniquet, C., & MicheL, C. (2014). Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean. Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean, Ancient Textile Series Vol. 17. United Kingdom: Oxbow Books. google scholar
- Dercksen, J. G. (2004). Old Assyrian Institutions. Leiden: MOS Studies. google scholar
- Eliade, M. (2002). Babil Simyası ve Kozmolojisi. İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınevi. google scholar
- Foster, B. R. (2014). Wool in the Economy of Sargonic Mesopotamia. Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean. Ancient Textile Series Vol. 17. United Kingdom: Oxbow Books. google scholar
- Goff, L. B. (1956). The Röle of Amulets in Mesopotamian Ritual Texts. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, the Warburg Institute, 19(1/2), 1-39. google scholar
- Hammons, M. B. (2008). Before Joan Arc: Gender Identity and Heroism in Ancient Mesopotamian Birth Rituals. (Doktora Tezi), Vanderbilt University in Religion Nashville: Tennessee. google scholar
- Jastrow, M. (1914). Babylonian-Assyrian Birth-Omens. The USA: University of California Press Library. google scholar
- Jastrow, M. (1989). The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria. Boston: Ginn Company Publishers. google scholar
- Lassen, A. W. (2014). Wool in Anatolia in the Old Assyrian Period. Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean. Ancient Textile Series Vol. 17. United Kingdom: Oxbow Books. google scholar
- Peled, I. (2010). Expelling the Demon of Effeminacy Anniwıyanı’s Ritual and the Question of Homosexuality in Hittite Thought. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions, 10(1), 69-81. google scholar
- Pinches, T. G. (1906). The Religion ofBabylonia and Assyria. London: Archibald Constable & Co Ltd. google scholar
- Reiner, E. (1958). Şurpu. A Collection of Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations. AO Beihett 11. google scholar
- Scurlock, J. (2001). Translating Transfers in Ancient Mesopotamia. Ed. by Paul Mirecki and Marvin Meyer. Magic and Ritual in the Ancient World, Boston: Leiden Brill. google scholar
- Scurlock, J. (2005). Ancient Mesopotamian Medicine A Companion to the Ancient Near East Chapter Twenty-One Edited by Daniel C. Snell. UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. google scholar
- Strand, E. A. (2014). Sheep, Wool, and Textile Production. An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Complexity of Wool Working. Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean. Ancient Textile Series Vol. 17. United Kingdom: Oxbow Books. google scholar
- Sturtevant, E. H. (1927). A Hittite Tablet in the Yale Babylonian Collection. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, LVIII, 5-31. google scholar
- Turgut, M. (2018). Hitit Dini Ritüellerinde Kullanılan Objeler. (Doktora Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya. google scholar
Öz
The first use of wool occurred in ancient Mesopotamia as a result of the domestication and selective breeding of sheep. As civilization developed in southern Mesopotamia in the late 5th and 4th millennia BC, evidence from that time implies that pig and cattle farming began to give way to nomadic goat and sheep-herding. This development can be seen by looking at the economy of the region, where sheep became a status symbol. The trade network clearly demonstrates the status symbol and the significance of wool for that region. It was among the most significant goods exported to nearby civilizations. The literature of the Mesopotamians reveals the significance of wool in terms of the divine character. It was given to temple inhabitants for use in a variety of ways. For example, it was used as payment for goods and services and it was initially used to produce blankets, pillows, cushions, carpets, ropes, chariots, equestrian equipment, and textiles. This thing also had value as a ceremonial object for ancient Mesopotamians and, indirectly, Hittites in Anatolia. The use of multicolored wool, particularly in these ancient societies' healing rituals, is quite astounding. One of the most prevalent items in ancient Mesopotamian medicinal ritual practices was wool of various colors, which was mentioned in therapeutic ritual literature. Many of these customs were passed on to the Hittites through the substantial commercial network with Anatolia during the Assyrian trade colony period. Hittite religious rites utilized wool of various hues. Hittite society relied on wool to absorb and purify dangers and evils in religious life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role that wool had in ancient Mesopotamian and Hittite healing rites.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Disease in Antiquity Ancient Mesopotamia Treatment Rituals Varicolored Wool
Kaynakça
- Ay, Ş. (2013). Mis-Pi, Pit-Pi Ritüelleri ve Eski Mezopotamya’da İnsan Tanrı İlişkisi. Tarih Okulu Dergisi, 6(XV), 1-21. google scholar
- Beckman, G. (2007). A Hittite Ritual for Depression (CTH 432), Tabularia Hethaeorum: Hethitologische Beiträge, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz. google scholar
- Benzel, K. G. Rakic, S. Watts, Y., & Edith W. (2010). Art of the Ancient Near East. The Metropolitan. New York: Museum of Art Publisher. google scholar
- Biga, M. G. (2014). Some Aspects of the Wool Economy at Ebla (Syria, 24th Century BC), Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean. Ancient Textile Series Vol. 17. United Kingdom: Oxbow Books. google scholar
- Biggs, D. R. (2005). Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health in Ancient Mesopotamia. Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies, 19(1), 1-19. google scholar
- Böck, B. (2013). When You Perform the Ritual of ‘Rubbing’: On Medicine and Magic in Ancient Mesopotamia. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 62 (1), the USA: The University of Chicago Press. google scholar
- Breniquet, C., & MicheL, C. (2014). Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean. Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean, Ancient Textile Series Vol. 17. United Kingdom: Oxbow Books. google scholar
- Dercksen, J. G. (2004). Old Assyrian Institutions. Leiden: MOS Studies. google scholar
- Eliade, M. (2002). Babil Simyası ve Kozmolojisi. İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınevi. google scholar
- Foster, B. R. (2014). Wool in the Economy of Sargonic Mesopotamia. Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean. Ancient Textile Series Vol. 17. United Kingdom: Oxbow Books. google scholar
- Goff, L. B. (1956). The Röle of Amulets in Mesopotamian Ritual Texts. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, the Warburg Institute, 19(1/2), 1-39. google scholar
- Hammons, M. B. (2008). Before Joan Arc: Gender Identity and Heroism in Ancient Mesopotamian Birth Rituals. (Doktora Tezi), Vanderbilt University in Religion Nashville: Tennessee. google scholar
- Jastrow, M. (1914). Babylonian-Assyrian Birth-Omens. The USA: University of California Press Library. google scholar
- Jastrow, M. (1989). The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria. Boston: Ginn Company Publishers. google scholar
- Lassen, A. W. (2014). Wool in Anatolia in the Old Assyrian Period. Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean. Ancient Textile Series Vol. 17. United Kingdom: Oxbow Books. google scholar
- Peled, I. (2010). Expelling the Demon of Effeminacy Anniwıyanı’s Ritual and the Question of Homosexuality in Hittite Thought. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions, 10(1), 69-81. google scholar
- Pinches, T. G. (1906). The Religion ofBabylonia and Assyria. London: Archibald Constable & Co Ltd. google scholar
- Reiner, E. (1958). Şurpu. A Collection of Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations. AO Beihett 11. google scholar
- Scurlock, J. (2001). Translating Transfers in Ancient Mesopotamia. Ed. by Paul Mirecki and Marvin Meyer. Magic and Ritual in the Ancient World, Boston: Leiden Brill. google scholar
- Scurlock, J. (2005). Ancient Mesopotamian Medicine A Companion to the Ancient Near East Chapter Twenty-One Edited by Daniel C. Snell. UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. google scholar
- Strand, E. A. (2014). Sheep, Wool, and Textile Production. An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Complexity of Wool Working. Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean. Ancient Textile Series Vol. 17. United Kingdom: Oxbow Books. google scholar
- Sturtevant, E. H. (1927). A Hittite Tablet in the Yale Babylonian Collection. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, LVIII, 5-31. google scholar
- Turgut, M. (2018). Hitit Dini Ritüellerinde Kullanılan Objeler. (Doktora Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya. google scholar
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Antropoloji |
| Bölüm | Derlemeler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Aralık 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 |