Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Investigation of mechanical properties and damage types of E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites under various loadings

Yıl 2023, , 185 - 190, 15.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.1334883

Öz

This study presents a comprehensive experimental investigation to determine the elastic material properties of a unidirectional E-glass fiber/epoxy composite. Tension, compression, in-plane shear, and flexural tests were conducted in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The composite laminates were manufactured using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) with a 65% fiber weight fraction. Mechanical tests were performed according to ASTM standards, and special fixtures were used for shear and compression tests. The damage mechanisms were interpreted for each test, revealing fiber splitting in tension and kink band failure in compression were dominant damage modes. The findings provide valuable insights into the behavior and performance of the composite under various loading conditions, which may help in its application in different engineering fields.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Atas, C. and O. Sayman, An overall view on impact response of woven fabric composite plates. Composite Structures, 2008. 82(3): p. 336-345.
  • 2. Aktaş, M., et al., An experimental investigation of the impact response of composite laminates. Composite Structures, 2009. 87(4): p. 307-313.
  • 3. Yang, L., Y. Yan, and N. Kuang, Experimental and numerical investigation of aramid fibre reinforced laminates subjected to low velocity impact. Polymer Testing, 2013. 32(7): p. 1163-1173.
  • 4. Ünal, H. and K. Ermiş, Determination of mechanical performance of glass fiber reinforced and elastomer filled polyamide 6 composites. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, 2021. 5(3): p. 405-411.
  • 5. Chen, Y., et al., Advances in mechanics of hierarchical composite materials. Composites Science and Technology, 2021. 214: p. 108970.
  • 6. Tarfaoui, M., S. Choukri, and A. Neme, Effect of fibre orientation on mechanical properties of the laminated polymer composites subjected to out-of-plane high strain rate compressive loadings. Composites Science and Technology, 2008. 68(2): p. 477-485.
  • 7. Nagaraja, K.C., et al., Mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites: Effect of hybridization. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021. 34: p. 536-538.
  • 8. Yang, H., et al., Low-velocity impact performance of composite-aluminum tubes prepared by mesoscopic hybridization. Composite Structures, 2021. 274: p. 114348.
  • 9. Wang, M., et al., Effect of carbon/Kevlar asymmetric hybridization ratio on the low-velocity impact response of plain woven laminates. Composite Structures, 2021. 276: p. 114574.
  • 10. Guo, R., et al., Effect of fiber hybridization types on the mechanical properties of carbon/glass fiber reinforced polymer composite rod. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022. 29(27): p.6288-6300.
  • 11. Kaware, K. and M., Kotambkar, Experimental investigation of hybridization effect of Kevlar and Glass fibers on CFRP composite under low velocity impact. International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2023.2230634.
  • 12. Karaduman, Y., L. Onal, and A. Rawal, Effect of stacking sequence on mechanical properties of hybrid flax/jute fibers reinforced thermoplastic composites. Polymer Composites, 2014. 36(12): p. 2167-2173.
  • 13. Andrew, J. J., et al., Influence of patch lay-up configuration and hybridization on low velocity impact and post-impact tensile response of repaired glass fiber reinforced plastic composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 2019. 53: p. 3-17.
  • 14. Schwab, M., et al., Modeling, simulation, and experiments of high velocity impact on laminated composites. Composite Structures, 2018. 205: p. 42-48.
  • 15. Wagih, A., et al., A quasi-static indentation test to elucidate the sequence of damage events in low velocity impacts on composite laminates. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2016. 82: p. 180-189.
  • 16. Ayten, A.İ., B. Ekici, and M.A. Taşdelen, A numerical and experimental investigation on quasi-static punch shear test behavior of aramid/epoxy composites. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 2019. 28(6): p. 398-409.
  • 17. Rahman, M. B., and L., Zhu, Low-Velocity Impact Response on Glass Fiber Reinforced 3D Integrated Woven Spacer Sandwich Composites. Materials, 2022. 15: p. 2311.
  • 18. Gellert, E.P., S.J. Cimpoeru, and R.L. Woodward, A study of the effect of target thickness on the ballistic perforation of glass-fibre-reinforced plastic composites. International Journal of Impact Engineering 2000. 24: p. 445-456.
  • 19. Farias-Aguilar, J. C., et al., Evaluation of the ballistic protection level of (glass-fiber reinforced polyamide 6)-aramid fabric sandwich composite panels. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2021. 12: p. 1606-1614.
  • 20. Ojoc, G. G., et al., Ballistic Response of a Glass Fiber Composite for Two Levels of Threat. Polymers, 2023. 15: p. 1039.
  • 21. Mahesh, V., et al., Damage mechanics and energy absorption capabilities of natural fiber reinforced elastomeric based bio composite for sacrificial structural applications. Defence Technology, 2021. 17: p. 161-176.
  • 22. Dandekar, D.P., et al., Shock response of a glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composite. Composite Structures, 2003. 61(1-2): p. 51-59.
  • 23. Evci, C. and M. Gülgeç, An experimental investigation on the impact response of composite materials. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2012. 43: p. 40-51.
  • 24. Boukar, A., et al., Finite element modelling of low velocity impact test applied to biaxial glass fiber reinforced laminate composites. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2022. 165: p. 104218.
  • 25. Wang, W., et al., Low-velocity impact behaviors of glass fiber-reinforced polymer laminates embedded with shape memory alloy. Composite Structures, 2021. 272: p. 114194.
  • 26. Gemi, D. S., et al., Experimental investigation of the effect of diameter upon low velocity impact response of glass fiber reinforced composite pipes. Composite Structures, 2021. 275: p. 114428.
  • 27. Farhood, N. H., et al., Experimental investigation on the effects of glass fiber hybridization on the low-velocity impact response of filament-wound carbon-based composite pipes. Polymer and Polymer Composites, 2021. 29(7): p. 829-841.
  • 28. Dong, C. and I.J. Davies, Flexural properties of glass and carbon fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, 2012. 227(4): p. 308-317.
  • 29. Ary Subagia, I.D.G. and Y. Kim, A study on flexural properties of carbon-basalt/epoxy hybrid composites. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2013. 27(4): p. 987-992.
  • 30. Abd El-Baky, M.A., et al., Flax/basalt/E-glass Fibers Reinforced Epoxy Composites with Enhanced Mechanical Properties. Journal of Natural Fibers, 2020. 19(3): p. 954-968.
  • 31. Totry, E., et al., Effect of fiber, matrix, and interface properties on the in-plane shear deformation of carbon-fiber reinforced composites. Composites Science and Technology, 2010. 70: p. 970-980.
  • 32. Ma, Y., et al., Effect of fiber breakage position on the mechanical performance of unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy composites. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 2021. 60: p. 352-364.
  • 33. American Society for Testing Materials, Standard test method for compressive properties of polymer matrix composite materials using a combined loading compression test fixture. ASTM D6641/D6641M-09 standard.
  • 34. Wang, Y., et al., Evolution of fibre deflection leading to kink-band formation in unidirectional glass fibre/epoxy composite under axial compression. Composite Science and Technology, 2021. 213: p. 108929.
  • 35. Wilhelmsson, D., et al., Influence of in-plane shear on kink-plane orientation in a unidirectional fibre composite. Composites Part A, 2019. 119: p. 283-290.
Yıl 2023, , 185 - 190, 15.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.1334883

Öz

Kaynakça

  • 1. Atas, C. and O. Sayman, An overall view on impact response of woven fabric composite plates. Composite Structures, 2008. 82(3): p. 336-345.
  • 2. Aktaş, M., et al., An experimental investigation of the impact response of composite laminates. Composite Structures, 2009. 87(4): p. 307-313.
  • 3. Yang, L., Y. Yan, and N. Kuang, Experimental and numerical investigation of aramid fibre reinforced laminates subjected to low velocity impact. Polymer Testing, 2013. 32(7): p. 1163-1173.
  • 4. Ünal, H. and K. Ermiş, Determination of mechanical performance of glass fiber reinforced and elastomer filled polyamide 6 composites. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, 2021. 5(3): p. 405-411.
  • 5. Chen, Y., et al., Advances in mechanics of hierarchical composite materials. Composites Science and Technology, 2021. 214: p. 108970.
  • 6. Tarfaoui, M., S. Choukri, and A. Neme, Effect of fibre orientation on mechanical properties of the laminated polymer composites subjected to out-of-plane high strain rate compressive loadings. Composites Science and Technology, 2008. 68(2): p. 477-485.
  • 7. Nagaraja, K.C., et al., Mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites: Effect of hybridization. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021. 34: p. 536-538.
  • 8. Yang, H., et al., Low-velocity impact performance of composite-aluminum tubes prepared by mesoscopic hybridization. Composite Structures, 2021. 274: p. 114348.
  • 9. Wang, M., et al., Effect of carbon/Kevlar asymmetric hybridization ratio on the low-velocity impact response of plain woven laminates. Composite Structures, 2021. 276: p. 114574.
  • 10. Guo, R., et al., Effect of fiber hybridization types on the mechanical properties of carbon/glass fiber reinforced polymer composite rod. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022. 29(27): p.6288-6300.
  • 11. Kaware, K. and M., Kotambkar, Experimental investigation of hybridization effect of Kevlar and Glass fibers on CFRP composite under low velocity impact. International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2023.2230634.
  • 12. Karaduman, Y., L. Onal, and A. Rawal, Effect of stacking sequence on mechanical properties of hybrid flax/jute fibers reinforced thermoplastic composites. Polymer Composites, 2014. 36(12): p. 2167-2173.
  • 13. Andrew, J. J., et al., Influence of patch lay-up configuration and hybridization on low velocity impact and post-impact tensile response of repaired glass fiber reinforced plastic composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 2019. 53: p. 3-17.
  • 14. Schwab, M., et al., Modeling, simulation, and experiments of high velocity impact on laminated composites. Composite Structures, 2018. 205: p. 42-48.
  • 15. Wagih, A., et al., A quasi-static indentation test to elucidate the sequence of damage events in low velocity impacts on composite laminates. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2016. 82: p. 180-189.
  • 16. Ayten, A.İ., B. Ekici, and M.A. Taşdelen, A numerical and experimental investigation on quasi-static punch shear test behavior of aramid/epoxy composites. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 2019. 28(6): p. 398-409.
  • 17. Rahman, M. B., and L., Zhu, Low-Velocity Impact Response on Glass Fiber Reinforced 3D Integrated Woven Spacer Sandwich Composites. Materials, 2022. 15: p. 2311.
  • 18. Gellert, E.P., S.J. Cimpoeru, and R.L. Woodward, A study of the effect of target thickness on the ballistic perforation of glass-fibre-reinforced plastic composites. International Journal of Impact Engineering 2000. 24: p. 445-456.
  • 19. Farias-Aguilar, J. C., et al., Evaluation of the ballistic protection level of (glass-fiber reinforced polyamide 6)-aramid fabric sandwich composite panels. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2021. 12: p. 1606-1614.
  • 20. Ojoc, G. G., et al., Ballistic Response of a Glass Fiber Composite for Two Levels of Threat. Polymers, 2023. 15: p. 1039.
  • 21. Mahesh, V., et al., Damage mechanics and energy absorption capabilities of natural fiber reinforced elastomeric based bio composite for sacrificial structural applications. Defence Technology, 2021. 17: p. 161-176.
  • 22. Dandekar, D.P., et al., Shock response of a glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composite. Composite Structures, 2003. 61(1-2): p. 51-59.
  • 23. Evci, C. and M. Gülgeç, An experimental investigation on the impact response of composite materials. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2012. 43: p. 40-51.
  • 24. Boukar, A., et al., Finite element modelling of low velocity impact test applied to biaxial glass fiber reinforced laminate composites. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2022. 165: p. 104218.
  • 25. Wang, W., et al., Low-velocity impact behaviors of glass fiber-reinforced polymer laminates embedded with shape memory alloy. Composite Structures, 2021. 272: p. 114194.
  • 26. Gemi, D. S., et al., Experimental investigation of the effect of diameter upon low velocity impact response of glass fiber reinforced composite pipes. Composite Structures, 2021. 275: p. 114428.
  • 27. Farhood, N. H., et al., Experimental investigation on the effects of glass fiber hybridization on the low-velocity impact response of filament-wound carbon-based composite pipes. Polymer and Polymer Composites, 2021. 29(7): p. 829-841.
  • 28. Dong, C. and I.J. Davies, Flexural properties of glass and carbon fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, 2012. 227(4): p. 308-317.
  • 29. Ary Subagia, I.D.G. and Y. Kim, A study on flexural properties of carbon-basalt/epoxy hybrid composites. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2013. 27(4): p. 987-992.
  • 30. Abd El-Baky, M.A., et al., Flax/basalt/E-glass Fibers Reinforced Epoxy Composites with Enhanced Mechanical Properties. Journal of Natural Fibers, 2020. 19(3): p. 954-968.
  • 31. Totry, E., et al., Effect of fiber, matrix, and interface properties on the in-plane shear deformation of carbon-fiber reinforced composites. Composites Science and Technology, 2010. 70: p. 970-980.
  • 32. Ma, Y., et al., Effect of fiber breakage position on the mechanical performance of unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy composites. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 2021. 60: p. 352-364.
  • 33. American Society for Testing Materials, Standard test method for compressive properties of polymer matrix composite materials using a combined loading compression test fixture. ASTM D6641/D6641M-09 standard.
  • 34. Wang, Y., et al., Evolution of fibre deflection leading to kink-band formation in unidirectional glass fibre/epoxy composite under axial compression. Composite Science and Technology, 2021. 213: p. 108929.
  • 35. Wilhelmsson, D., et al., Influence of in-plane shear on kink-plane orientation in a unidirectional fibre composite. Composites Part A, 2019. 119: p. 283-290.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Katı Mekanik, Malzeme Tasarım ve Davranışları
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Ali İmran Ayten 0000-0002-3948-3690

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2023
Kabul Tarihi 31 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Ayten, A. İ. (2023). Investigation of mechanical properties and damage types of E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites under various loadings. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, 7(3), 185-190. https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.1334883
AMA Ayten Aİ. Investigation of mechanical properties and damage types of E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites under various loadings. Int. Adv. Res. Eng. J. Aralık 2023;7(3):185-190. doi:10.35860/iarej.1334883
Chicago Ayten, Ali İmran. “Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Damage Types of E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composites under Various Loadings”. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal 7, sy. 3 (Aralık 2023): 185-90. https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.1334883.
EndNote Ayten Aİ (01 Aralık 2023) Investigation of mechanical properties and damage types of E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites under various loadings. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal 7 3 185–190.
IEEE A. İ. Ayten, “Investigation of mechanical properties and damage types of E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites under various loadings”, Int. Adv. Res. Eng. J., c. 7, sy. 3, ss. 185–190, 2023, doi: 10.35860/iarej.1334883.
ISNAD Ayten, Ali İmran. “Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Damage Types of E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composites under Various Loadings”. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal 7/3 (Aralık 2023), 185-190. https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.1334883.
JAMA Ayten Aİ. Investigation of mechanical properties and damage types of E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites under various loadings. Int. Adv. Res. Eng. J. 2023;7:185–190.
MLA Ayten, Ali İmran. “Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Damage Types of E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composites under Various Loadings”. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, c. 7, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 185-90, doi:10.35860/iarej.1334883.
Vancouver Ayten Aİ. Investigation of mechanical properties and damage types of E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites under various loadings. Int. Adv. Res. Eng. J. 2023;7(3):185-90.



Creative Commons License

Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.