SAĞLIK İNANÇ MODELİ TEMELLİ GİRİŞİMLERİN KADINLARIN PAP SMEAR TESTİ YAPTIRMALARINA ETKİSİ

Öz

Serviks kanserine yönelik erken tanı yöntemlerinin kullanımı kadınların sağlık inançları doğrultusundaki davranışları ilişkili görülmektedir. Amaç: Bu çalışma, Sağlık İnanç Modeli temelli girişimlerin kadınların Pap smear testi yaptırmalarına etkisini değerlendirmektedir. Yöntem: Deneysel tasarım ile Aralık 2019 - Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında yürütülen araştırmanın örneklemini, 21- 65 yaş arası 18 deney ve 18 kontrol toplam 36 kadın oluşturmaktadır. Veriler; sosyo-demografik özellikleri tanılama formu, Serviks Kanseri Risk Faktörleri Değerlendirme Formu, Serviks Kanseri ve Pap Smear Testi Bilgi Soruları, Rahim Ağzı Kanseri ve Pap Smear Testi Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği ile toplanmaktadır. Sağlık İnanç Modeli temelli girişimler, yüz yüze eğitim, whatsapp aracılığı ile haftada iki kez hatırlatıcı mesaj, video ve görseller gönderilerek beş hafta devam etmektedir. Girişim bittikten üç ay sonra son test verileri toplanmaktadır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde sayı, yüzde, ortalama, ki-kare ve Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmaktadır. Bulgular: Girişim sonrasında deney ve kontrol grupları arasında Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeğinin ciddiyet, yarar ve engel alt boyut puanları açısından deney grubu lehine anlamlı fark gözlenmektedir. Son testte pap smear testi yaptırma oranının gelişmiş ülkelerdeki seviyenin üzerine çıkarak deney grubunda %65,2, kontrol grubunda %34,8 olduğu görülmektedir (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak Sağlık İnanç Modeli temelli yüzyüze ve uzaktan girişimlerin serviks kanseri ciddiyet algısı ve Pap smear testi yarar algısı inanışlarını arttırmaktadır. Girişimler aynı zamanda Pap smear testi yaptırmadaki engelleri azaltmakta ve test yaptırma oranlarını arttırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Davranış Değiştirme
• Erken Tanı
• Serviks Kanseri
• Tarama
• Sağlık eğitimi
• İletişim
• Kadın
• Farkındalık
• Tutum

THE EFFECT OF HEALTH BELIEF MODEL-BASED INTERVENTIONS ON WOMEN'S PAP SMEAR TESTING

Öz

The use of early detection methods for cervical cancer is directly related to women's behaviors in accordance with their health beliefs. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Health Belief Model-based interventions on women's adherence to Pap smear testing. Method: The experimental study was conducted between December 2019 and May 2020 with 36 women aged 21 to 65—18 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group. Data were collected using the socio-demographic characteristics form, Cervical Cancer Risk Factors Assessment Form, Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test Knowledge Questions, and the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test. Interventions based on the Health Belief Model continued for five weeks, including face-to-face training and reminder messages, videos, and visuals sent via WhatsApp twice a week. Final test data were collected three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using count, percentage, mean, chi-square, and Mann-Whitney U test. Findings: A significant difference was found between the groups in severity, benefit, and barrier subscale scores of the Health Belief Model Scale in favor of the experimental group. In the final test, Pap smear test uptake exceeded levels in developed countries: 65.2% in the experimental group and 34.8% in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Face-to-face and remote Health Belief Model-based interventions increased perceived seriousness of cervical cancer and perceived benefits of Pap smear testing. They also reduced perceived barriers and improved test uptake.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Behavior Change
• Early Diagnosis
• Cervical Cancer
• Screening
• Health Education
• Communication
• Woman
• Awareness
• Attitude

Kaynakça

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