Araştırma Makalesi
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EVALUATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL LONELINESS: THE CASE OF GENERATION Z'S PROBLEMATIC INSTAGRAM USE

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 161 - 172, 01.05.2025

Öz

Generation Z represents the generation born in the last five years of the twentieth century and the first ten years of the twentieth century. Unlike other generations, this generation grew up in a period when smartphones, tablets and many technological devices reached individual users, and this has led to them being called digital natives. This study aims to examine the behavioral roots of excessive social media use of Generation Z members and its effect on social and emotional loneliness via the Instagram platform. The study was conducted as quantitative research and was conducted using the relational screening method. The study included 292 participants aged 18-24 who had at least one active Instagram account. The participants studied or continued to study at university or equivalent schools. The Instagram Addiction Scale and the Adult Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale were used in the study. Correlation analysis, regression analysis and ANOVA were used in the statistical analysis of the study. As a result of the study, it was determined that there were strong and significant relationships between Instagram addiction and various psychological factors.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, social media & technology 2018. Pew Research Center, 31(2018), 1673–1689.
  • Andreassen, C. S. (2015). Online social network site addiction: A comprehensive review. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0056-9
  • Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252–262. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000160
  • Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 287–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.006
  • Bian, M., & Leung, L. (2015). Linking loneliness, shyness, smartphone addiction symptoms, and patterns of smartphone use to social capital. Social Science Computer Review, 33(1), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314528779
  • Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009). Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), 447–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005
  • Caplan, S. E. (2007). Relations among loneliness, social anxiety, and problematic internet use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(2), 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9963
  • Casale, S., & Fioravanti, G. (2018). Why narcissists are at risk for developing Facebook addiction: The need to be admired and the need to belong. Addictive Behaviors, 76, 312–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.038
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
  • Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 576–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.080
  • Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2016). Social media and body image concerns: Current research and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 9, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.005
  • Fraenkel, J., Wallen, N., & Hyun, H. (1993). How to design and evaluate research in education (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Hanife Akgül. (2019). Adapting social and emotional loneliness scale (SELSA-S) to Turkish culture: Relevance and reliability. 21st International Congress on Psychological Counseling and Guidance. https://toad.halileksi.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/yetiskinler-icin-sosyal-ve-duygusal-yalnizlik-olcegi-toad.pdf
  • He, Q., Turel, O., & Bechara, A. (2017). Brain anatomy alterations associated with social networking site (SNS) addiction. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 45064. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45064
  • Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: A meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352
  • Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014a). A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 351–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.059
  • Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014b). A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 351–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.059
  • Kavaklı, M., & İnan, E. (2020). Psychometric properties and correlates of the Turkish version of Instagram Addiction Scale (IAS). Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 0, 1. https://doi.org/10.5455/kpd.26024438m000037
  • Kircaburun, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2018). Instagram addiction and the Big Five of personality: The mediating role of self-liking. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(1), 158–170. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.15
  • Kuss, D., & Griffiths, M. (2017). Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030311
  • Laursen, B. P., & Žukauskienė, R. (Eds.). (2018). Interpersonal development (First electronic ed.). Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group.
  • Lee, E., Lee, J.-A., Moon, J. H., & Sung, Y. (2015). Pictures speak louder than words: Motivations for using Instagram. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(9), 552–556. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0157
  • Mascheroni, G., Vincent, J., & Jimenez, E. (2015). “Girls are addicted to likes so they post semi-naked selfies”: Peer mediation, normativity and the construction of identity online. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2015-1-5
  • Montag, C., Becker, B., & Gan, C. (2018). The multipurpose application WeChat: A review on recent research. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2247. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02247
  • Nowland, R., Necka, E. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2018). Loneliness and social internet use: Pathways to reconnection in a digital world? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(1), 70–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617713052
  • Pittman, M., & Reich, B. (2016). Social media and loneliness: Why an Instagram picture may be worth more than a thousand Twitter words. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.084
  • Ponnusamy, S., Iranmanesh, M., Foroughi, B., & Hyun, S. S. (2020). Drivers and outcomes of Instagram addiction: Psychological well-being as moderator. Computers in Human Behavior, 107, 106294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106294
  • Primack, B. A., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Whaite, E. O., Lin, L. Y., Rosen, D., Colditz, J. B., Radovic, A., & Miller, E. (2017). Social media use and perceived social isolation among young adults in the U.S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.010
  • Priporas, C.-V., Stylos, N., & Fotiadis, A. K. (2017). Generation Z consumers’ expectations of interactions in smart retailing: A future agenda. Computers in Human Behavior, 77, 374–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.058
  • Ryan, T., Allen, K. A., Gray, D. L., & McInerney, D. M. (2017). How social are social media? A review of online social behaviour and connectedness. Journal of Relationships Research, 8, e8. https://doi.org/10.1017/jrr.2017.13
  • Schwieger, D., & Ladwig, C. (2018). Reaching and retaining the next generation: Adapting to the expectations of Gen Z in the classroom. Information Systems Education Journal, 16(3), 45.
  • Seemiller, C., & Grace, M. (2016). Generation Z goes to college. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sheldon, P., & Bryant, K. (2016). Instagram: Motives for its use and relationship to narcissism and contextual age. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.059
  • Southgate, D. (2017). The emergence of Generation Z and its impact in advertising: Long-term implications for media planning and creative development. Journal of Advertising Research, 57(2), 227–235. https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-2017-028
  • Turel, O. (2015). Quitting the use of a habituated hedonic information system: A theoretical model and empirical examination of Facebook users. European Journal of Information Systems, 24(4), 431–446. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2014.19
  • Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(2), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2015.0021
  • Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2019). Media use is linked to lower psychological well-being: Evidence from three datasets. Psychiatric Quarterly, 90(2), 311–331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09630-7
  • Twenge, J. M., Spitzberg, B. H., & Campbell, W. K. (2019). Less in-person social interaction with peers among U.S. adolescents in the 21st century and links to loneliness. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(6), 1892–1913. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407519836170
  • Vaterlaus, J. M., Barnett, K., Roche, C., & Young, J. A. (2016). “Snapchat is more personal”: An exploratory study on Snapchat behaviors and young adult interpersonal relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 594–601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.029
  • Volkow, N. D., & Morales, M. (2015). The brain on drugs: From reward to addiction. Cell, 162(4), 712–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.046
  • Waytz, A., & Gray, K. (2018). Does online technology make us more or less sociable? A preliminary review and call for research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(4), 473–491. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617746509
  • Yang, C., Holden, S. M., Carter, M. D. K., & Webb, J. J. (2018). Social media social comparison and identity distress at the college transition: A dual‐path model. Journal of Adolescence, 69(1), 92–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.09.007
  • Yau, J. C., & Reich, S. M. (2019). “It’s just a lot of work”: Adolescents’ self‐presentation norms and practices on Facebook and Instagram. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 29(1), 196–209. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12376

SOSYAL MEDYA BAĞIMLILIĞININ SOSYAL VE DUYGUSAL YALNIZLIK ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: Z KUŞAĞININ PROBLEMLİ INSTAGRAM KULLANIMI ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 161 - 172, 01.05.2025

Öz

Z kuşağı yirminci yüzyılın son beş yılında yirmi birinci yüzyılın ise ilk on yılında doğan kuşağı temsil etmektedir. Bu kuşak diğer kuşaklardan farklı olarak akıllı telefonlar, tabletler ve birçok teknolojik cihazın bireysel kullanıcıya eriştiği dönemde büyümüş ve bu durum onların dijital yerliler olarak adlandırılmasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışma Z Kuşağı üyelerinin aşırı sosyal medya kullanımının davranışsal kökenlerini ve bunun sosyal ve duygusal yalnızlık üzerindeki etkisini Instagram platformu üzerinden incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma nicel bir araştırma olarak gerçekleştirilmiş ve ilişkisel tarama yöntemi ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmaya en az bir aktif Instagram hesabı olan 18-24 yaş arası 292 katılımcı dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılar üniversite ve dengi okullarda okumuş ya da okumaya devam etmektedir. Çalışmada Instagram Bağımlılık Ölçeği ve Yetişkinler İçin Sosyal ve Duygusal Yalnızlık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın istatistiksel analizinde korelasyon analizi, regresyon analizi ve ANOVA yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Instagram bağımlılığı ile çeşitli psikolojik faktörler arasında güçlü ve anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, social media & technology 2018. Pew Research Center, 31(2018), 1673–1689.
  • Andreassen, C. S. (2015). Online social network site addiction: A comprehensive review. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0056-9
  • Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252–262. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000160
  • Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 287–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.006
  • Bian, M., & Leung, L. (2015). Linking loneliness, shyness, smartphone addiction symptoms, and patterns of smartphone use to social capital. Social Science Computer Review, 33(1), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314528779
  • Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009). Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), 447–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005
  • Caplan, S. E. (2007). Relations among loneliness, social anxiety, and problematic internet use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(2), 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9963
  • Casale, S., & Fioravanti, G. (2018). Why narcissists are at risk for developing Facebook addiction: The need to be admired and the need to belong. Addictive Behaviors, 76, 312–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.038
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
  • Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 576–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.080
  • Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2016). Social media and body image concerns: Current research and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 9, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.005
  • Fraenkel, J., Wallen, N., & Hyun, H. (1993). How to design and evaluate research in education (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Hanife Akgül. (2019). Adapting social and emotional loneliness scale (SELSA-S) to Turkish culture: Relevance and reliability. 21st International Congress on Psychological Counseling and Guidance. https://toad.halileksi.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/yetiskinler-icin-sosyal-ve-duygusal-yalnizlik-olcegi-toad.pdf
  • He, Q., Turel, O., & Bechara, A. (2017). Brain anatomy alterations associated with social networking site (SNS) addiction. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 45064. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45064
  • Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: A meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352
  • Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014a). A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 351–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.059
  • Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014b). A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 351–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.059
  • Kavaklı, M., & İnan, E. (2020). Psychometric properties and correlates of the Turkish version of Instagram Addiction Scale (IAS). Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 0, 1. https://doi.org/10.5455/kpd.26024438m000037
  • Kircaburun, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2018). Instagram addiction and the Big Five of personality: The mediating role of self-liking. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(1), 158–170. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.15
  • Kuss, D., & Griffiths, M. (2017). Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030311
  • Laursen, B. P., & Žukauskienė, R. (Eds.). (2018). Interpersonal development (First electronic ed.). Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group.
  • Lee, E., Lee, J.-A., Moon, J. H., & Sung, Y. (2015). Pictures speak louder than words: Motivations for using Instagram. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(9), 552–556. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0157
  • Mascheroni, G., Vincent, J., & Jimenez, E. (2015). “Girls are addicted to likes so they post semi-naked selfies”: Peer mediation, normativity and the construction of identity online. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2015-1-5
  • Montag, C., Becker, B., & Gan, C. (2018). The multipurpose application WeChat: A review on recent research. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2247. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02247
  • Nowland, R., Necka, E. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2018). Loneliness and social internet use: Pathways to reconnection in a digital world? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(1), 70–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617713052
  • Pittman, M., & Reich, B. (2016). Social media and loneliness: Why an Instagram picture may be worth more than a thousand Twitter words. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.084
  • Ponnusamy, S., Iranmanesh, M., Foroughi, B., & Hyun, S. S. (2020). Drivers and outcomes of Instagram addiction: Psychological well-being as moderator. Computers in Human Behavior, 107, 106294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106294
  • Primack, B. A., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Whaite, E. O., Lin, L. Y., Rosen, D., Colditz, J. B., Radovic, A., & Miller, E. (2017). Social media use and perceived social isolation among young adults in the U.S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.010
  • Priporas, C.-V., Stylos, N., & Fotiadis, A. K. (2017). Generation Z consumers’ expectations of interactions in smart retailing: A future agenda. Computers in Human Behavior, 77, 374–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.058
  • Ryan, T., Allen, K. A., Gray, D. L., & McInerney, D. M. (2017). How social are social media? A review of online social behaviour and connectedness. Journal of Relationships Research, 8, e8. https://doi.org/10.1017/jrr.2017.13
  • Schwieger, D., & Ladwig, C. (2018). Reaching and retaining the next generation: Adapting to the expectations of Gen Z in the classroom. Information Systems Education Journal, 16(3), 45.
  • Seemiller, C., & Grace, M. (2016). Generation Z goes to college. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sheldon, P., & Bryant, K. (2016). Instagram: Motives for its use and relationship to narcissism and contextual age. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.059
  • Southgate, D. (2017). The emergence of Generation Z and its impact in advertising: Long-term implications for media planning and creative development. Journal of Advertising Research, 57(2), 227–235. https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-2017-028
  • Turel, O. (2015). Quitting the use of a habituated hedonic information system: A theoretical model and empirical examination of Facebook users. European Journal of Information Systems, 24(4), 431–446. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2014.19
  • Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(2), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2015.0021
  • Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2019). Media use is linked to lower psychological well-being: Evidence from three datasets. Psychiatric Quarterly, 90(2), 311–331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09630-7
  • Twenge, J. M., Spitzberg, B. H., & Campbell, W. K. (2019). Less in-person social interaction with peers among U.S. adolescents in the 21st century and links to loneliness. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(6), 1892–1913. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407519836170
  • Vaterlaus, J. M., Barnett, K., Roche, C., & Young, J. A. (2016). “Snapchat is more personal”: An exploratory study on Snapchat behaviors and young adult interpersonal relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 594–601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.029
  • Volkow, N. D., & Morales, M. (2015). The brain on drugs: From reward to addiction. Cell, 162(4), 712–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.046
  • Waytz, A., & Gray, K. (2018). Does online technology make us more or less sociable? A preliminary review and call for research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(4), 473–491. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617746509
  • Yang, C., Holden, S. M., Carter, M. D. K., & Webb, J. J. (2018). Social media social comparison and identity distress at the college transition: A dual‐path model. Journal of Adolescence, 69(1), 92–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.09.007
  • Yau, J. C., & Reich, S. M. (2019). “It’s just a lot of work”: Adolescents’ self‐presentation norms and practices on Facebook and Instagram. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 29(1), 196–209. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12376
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sosyal Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Yunus Emre Öksüz 0000-0002-2952-3759

Gözde Masatcıoğlu 0000-0003-3457-3539

Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 10 Nisan 2025
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 13 Nisan 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Öksüz, Y. E., & Masatcıoğlu, G. (2025). EVALUATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL LONELINESS: THE CASE OF GENERATION Z’S PROBLEMATIC INSTAGRAM USE. İletişim Bilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 161-172.

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0