Physical Activity in Elderly Individuals

Öz

Aging is a physiological process that causes a gradual decrease in physical, mental and social functions and occurs in the body over time. Although regular physical activity is very important for all age groups, its importance has been emphasized more in recent years, especially for older individuals. Because physical activities serve some sensitive purposes in elderly individuals, such as minimizing the discomfort and disability that occurs with age, improving the quality of life and reminding elderly individuals that they are a productive part of society. On the other hand, the prevalence of physical inactivity is the highest among individuals aged 65 and over among all age groups, and this age group is the fastest growing age group worldwide. As the time spent inactive increases, the musculoskeletal systems of these individuals weaken, and their cardiovascular capacities decrease significantly. Physical activity interventions for elderly individuals have a positive effect on aging. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to provide knowledge about physical activity in elderly individuals. Electronic databases were investigated throughout PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar using "aging, elderly, exercise, physical activity" keywords between June 2024 and August 2024. With aging, while all cells, tissues and organs in the human body are directly affected by the process, physiological and pathological changes occur in the body. Cardiovascular mortality, breast and prostate cancer, fractures, limitations in activities of daily living, risk of falling, cognitive decline and depression are reduced in physically active elderly people. Regular physical activity supports the physical and mental development of elderly individuals and protects the body against diseases. In this context, it is extremely important to recommend personalized exercise protocols to protect the cognitive function, muscle strength, physical condition and quality of life the elderly population.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• aging
• elderly
• exercise
• physical activity

Yaşlı Bireylerde Fiziksel Aktivite

Öz

Yaşlılık, organizmada zaman içerisinde ortaya çıkan ve fiziksel, ruhsal ve sosyal işlevlerde kademeli olarak azalmaya neden olan fizyolojik bir süreçtir. Düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapmak tüm yaş gruplarında oldukça önemli olmakla birlikte son yıllarda özellikle yaşlı bireylerde önemi daha çok vurgulanmaktadır. Çünkü yaşlı bireylerde fiziksel aktiviteler yaşla birlikte oluşan rahatsızlıkları ve sakatlıkları minimum seviyeye indirmek, yaşam kalitesini artırmak ve yaşlı bireylere toplumun üretken bir parçası olduklarını hatırlatmak gibi bazı hassas amaçlara hizmet eder. Diğer yönden, fiziksel inaktivite prevalansı tüm yaş grupları içerisinde 65 yaş ve üstü bireylerde en yüksektir ve bu yaş grubu tüm dünyada hızla büyüyen yaş grubudur. Hareketsiz geçirilen sürenin artmasıyla bireylerin kas iskelet sistemi zayıflarken kardiyovasküler kapasiteleri önemli ölçüde azalır. Yaşlı bireylere yönelik yapılan fiziksel aktivite müdahalelerinin yaşlanma üzerine olumlu etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu sebeple bu derlemede yaşlı bireylerde fiziksel aktivite hakkında bilgi vermeyi amaçladık. Haziran 2024 ve Ağustos 2024 tarihleri arasında “egzersiz, fiziksel aktivite, yaşlanma, yaşlı” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak PubMed, Scopus ve Google Akademik üzerinden elektronik veri tabanları tarandı. Yaşlanmayla birlikte insan vücudundaki tüm hücre, doku ve organlar süreçten doğrudan etkilenirken vücutta fizyolojik ve patolojik değişiklikler meydana gelmektedir. Fiziksel olarak aktif olan yaşlılarda kardiyovasküler mortalite, meme ve prostat kanseri, kırık, günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde kısıtlanmalar, düşme riski, bilişsel gerileme ve depresyon riski azalmıştır. Düzenli fiziksel aktivite yaşlı bireylerin fiziksel ve zihinsel gelişimini destekleyip bedeni hastalıklara karşı korumaktadır. Bu bağlamda yaşlı nüfusun bilişsel işlevini, kas kuvvetini, fiziksel kondisyonunu ve yaşam kalitesini korumaya yönelik kişiye özel egzersiz protokolleri önermek son derece önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• egzersiz
• fiziksel aktivite
• yaşlanma
• yaşlı

Destekleyen Kurum

Çalışmayı maddi yönden destekleyen herhangi bir kişi/kuruluş yoktur.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmanın herhangi bir insan/hayvan öğesi üzerinde araştırmaya yönelik verisi bulunmadığından bu derleme makale için etik onay gerekmemektedir. **Derleme makale kapsamında herhangi bir araştırma verisi bulunmadığından paylaşım da söz konusu değildir.

Kaynakça

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