Araştırma Makalesi
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DİKKAT EKSİKLİĞİ ve HİPERAKTİVİTE BOZUKLUĞU BULUNAN ÇOCUKLARDA REAKSİYON SÜRESİNİN DİKKAT DÜZEYLERİ ile İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 134 - 143, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.52538/iduhes.1459955

Öz

Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB), çocuk ve ergenlerde en yaygın nörogelişimsel bozukluklardan biridir ve dikkatsizlik, hiperaktivite ve dürtüsellik gibi çeşitli klinik özellikler gösterir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, DEHB’li çocukların reaksiyon süreleri ile dikkat düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya, ilk defa DEHB tanısı almış ve ilaç kullanmayan 37 DEHB’li (9 kız, 28 erkek) çocuk dahil edildi. Çalışmada, çocukların dikkat düzeylerini ve dikkat ile ilişkili diğer semptom şiddetlerini belirleyen Stroop Testi -Temel Bilimler Araştırma Grubu Formu ve d2 Dikkat Testi kullanıldı. Reaksiyon sürelerini ölçmek için Nelson El Reaksiyon Testi uygulandı. Araştırma sonucunda, DEHB’li çocukların reaksiyon süreleri ile Stroop Testi-Test tamamlama süresi arasında pozitif yönde (r=0,453, p=0,005)ve d2 Dikkat Testi işaretleme sayısı (işleme hızı) arasında ise negatif yönde (r=0,465; p=0,004) anlamlı olarak orta düzeyde ilişki olduğu bulundu. Sonuç olarak, DEHB’li çocuklarda, reaksiyon sürelerinde görülen değişikliklerin ve işleme hızlarının mekanizmaları ve altta yatan sebepleri daha iyi şekilde anlaşılmıştır.

Etik Beyan

Araştırmanın etik kurul onayı, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan 08.06.2022 tarihinde 2022/21-02 karar numarası (protokol no: GOA-6646) ile alındı.

Kaynakça

  • Albaugh, M.D., Orr C., Chaarani B., Althoff RR., Allgaier N., D’Alberto N., Hudson K., Mackey S., Spechler p., Banaschewski T., Brühl R., L.W. Bokde A., Bromberg U., Büchel C., Cattrell A., J. Conrod P., Desrivières S., Flar H., Frouin V., Gallinat J. ve Potter AS. (2017). Inattention and reaction time variability are linked to ventromedial prefrontal volume in adolescents. Biological psychiatry, 82(9), 660-668.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing 2013.
  • Barkley RA., Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of adhd. Psychological bulletin, 1997. 121(1): p. 65.
  • Barkley RA., Fischer M., Smallish L., ve Fletcher K. (2006). Young adult outcome of hyperactive children: adaptive functioning in major life activities. Journal of the american academy of child ve adolescent psychiatry, 45(2), 192-202.
  • Barkley RA. (1998). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders. Behavioral assessment of childhood disorders, 2. Bellgrove MA., Hester R., ve Garavan H. (2004). The functional neuroanatomical correlates of response variability: evidence from a response inhibition task. Neuropsychologia, 42(14), 1910-1916.
  • Brickenkamp R. ve Zillmer E. (1998) The d2 test: A timed test of selective attention. Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe. (1) 112:118.
  • Buker N., Ozer D., ve Tukel S. (2020). Neurocognitive exercise program improves selective attention in children aged between 7-13 years: a pilot study. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 7(3), 239-246.
  • Castellanos FX., ve Tannock R. (2002). Neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3(8), 617-628.
  • Castellanos FX., Sonuga-Barke EJ., Scheres A., Di Martino A., Hyde C., ve Walters JR. (2005). Varieties of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related intra-individual variability. Biological psychiatry, 57(11), 1416-1423.
  • Castellanos FX., Sonuga-Barke EJ., Milham MP., ve Tannock R. (2006). Characterizing cognition in ADHD: beyond executive dysfunction. Trends in cognitive sciences, 10(3), 117-123.
  • Goetz MJ,. Schwabova Z., Hlavka R., Ptacek V., Zubrova A., Hort V., ve Doyle V. (2017) Cerebellar symptoms are associated with omission errors and variability of response time in children with adhd. Journal of attention disorders. 21(3): p. 190-199.
  • Gökler B., Ünal F, Pehlivantürk B., Kültür EÇ., Akdemir D., ve Taner Y.. (2004) Okul çaği çocuklari İçin duygulanim bozukluklari ve şizofreni görüşme çizelgesi-şimdi ve yaşam boyu şekli-türkçe uyarlamasinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağliği Dergisi, 11: 109-116.
  • Günay M.,Tamer K., Cicioğlu Ġ. (2013) Spor Fizyolojisi ve Performans Ölçümü, Gazi Kitapevi, 3. Baskı, sayfa 468-470.
  • Hart H., Radua J., Mataix-Cols D., ve Rubia K. (2012). Meta-analysis of fMRI studies of timing in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuroscience ve Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(10), 2248-2256.
  • Homack S., ve Riccio CA. (2004). A meta-analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the Stroop Color and Word Test with children. Archives of clinical Neuropsychology, 19(6), 725-743.
  • Karakaş S., Erdoğan E., Sak L., Soysal AŞ., Ulusoy T., Ulusoy İY., ve Alkan S. (1999). Stroop Testi TBAG Formu: Türk kültürüne standardizasyon çalışmaları, güvenirlik ve geçerlik. Klinik Psikiyatri, 2(2), 75-88.
  • Kaufman J., Birmaher B., Brent D., Rao U., Flynn C., Moreci P., Williamson D., ve Ryan N. (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (k-sads-pl): Initial eliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child ve Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(7): p. 980-988.
  • MacLeod CM. (1992) The stroop task: The" gold standard" of attentional measures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 121(1): p. 12.
  • Makris N., Biederman J., Valera EM., Bush G., Kaiser J., Kennedy D., Caviness V., Faraone S., ve Seidman L. (2006) Cortical thinning of the attention and executive function networks in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Cerebral Cortex. 17(6): p. 1364-1375.
  • Mason DJ., Humphreys GW., ve Kent LS. (2003). Exploring selective attention in ADHD: visual search through space and time. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(8), 1158-1176.
  • McAvinue LP., Vangkilde S., Johnson KA., Habekost T., Kyllingsbæk S., Bundesen C., ve Robertson IH. (2015). A componential analysis of visual attention in children with ADHD. Journal of attention disorders, 19(10), 882-894.
  • Salari N., Ghasemi H., Abdoli N., Rahmani A., Shiri MH., Hashemian AH., Akbari H., ve Mohammadi M. (2023). The global prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 49(1), 48.
  • Schoemaker K., Bunte SA. Wiebe KA. Espy, Dekovic M., ve Matthys V. (2012) Executive function deficits in preschool children with adhd and dbd. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 53(2): p. 111-119.
  • Stroop JR. (1935) Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of experimental psychology. 18(6): p. 643.
  • Tamm L., Narad ME., Antonini TN., O'brien KM., Hawk Jr, L W., ve Epstein, JN. (2012). Reaction time variability in ADHD: a review. Neurotherapeutics, 9(3), 500-508.
  • Wassenberg R, Hendriksen JG, Hurks PP, et al. Development of inattention, impulsivity, and processing speed as measured by the d2 Test: results of a large cross-sectional study in children aged 7–13. Child Neuropsychol. 2008;14:195-210.
  • YAYCI L., (2013) D2 dikkat testinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kalem Uluslararası Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi. 3: 43-80.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REACTION TIME AND ATTENTION LEVELS IN CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT AND HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 134 - 143, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.52538/iduhes.1459955

Öz

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents, exhibiting various clinical features such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between reaction times and attention levels in children with ADHD. The study included 37 children with ADHD (9 girls, 28 boys) who were newly diagnosed and not taking medication. The Stroop Test and the d2 Attention Test were used to determine the children's attention levels and other related symptom severities. The Nelson Hand Reaction Test was administered to measure reaction times. The results of present study were showed a moderate positive correlation between reaction times of children with ADHD and Stroop Test completion time (r=0.453, p=0.005), and a negative correlation with the number of marks (processing speed) in the d2 Attention Test (r=0.465; p=0.004). In conclusion, the mechanisms, and underlying causes of changes in reaction times and processing speeds in children with ADHD have been better understood.

Kaynakça

  • Albaugh, M.D., Orr C., Chaarani B., Althoff RR., Allgaier N., D’Alberto N., Hudson K., Mackey S., Spechler p., Banaschewski T., Brühl R., L.W. Bokde A., Bromberg U., Büchel C., Cattrell A., J. Conrod P., Desrivières S., Flar H., Frouin V., Gallinat J. ve Potter AS. (2017). Inattention and reaction time variability are linked to ventromedial prefrontal volume in adolescents. Biological psychiatry, 82(9), 660-668.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing 2013.
  • Barkley RA., Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of adhd. Psychological bulletin, 1997. 121(1): p. 65.
  • Barkley RA., Fischer M., Smallish L., ve Fletcher K. (2006). Young adult outcome of hyperactive children: adaptive functioning in major life activities. Journal of the american academy of child ve adolescent psychiatry, 45(2), 192-202.
  • Barkley RA. (1998). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders. Behavioral assessment of childhood disorders, 2. Bellgrove MA., Hester R., ve Garavan H. (2004). The functional neuroanatomical correlates of response variability: evidence from a response inhibition task. Neuropsychologia, 42(14), 1910-1916.
  • Brickenkamp R. ve Zillmer E. (1998) The d2 test: A timed test of selective attention. Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe. (1) 112:118.
  • Buker N., Ozer D., ve Tukel S. (2020). Neurocognitive exercise program improves selective attention in children aged between 7-13 years: a pilot study. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 7(3), 239-246.
  • Castellanos FX., ve Tannock R. (2002). Neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3(8), 617-628.
  • Castellanos FX., Sonuga-Barke EJ., Scheres A., Di Martino A., Hyde C., ve Walters JR. (2005). Varieties of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related intra-individual variability. Biological psychiatry, 57(11), 1416-1423.
  • Castellanos FX., Sonuga-Barke EJ., Milham MP., ve Tannock R. (2006). Characterizing cognition in ADHD: beyond executive dysfunction. Trends in cognitive sciences, 10(3), 117-123.
  • Goetz MJ,. Schwabova Z., Hlavka R., Ptacek V., Zubrova A., Hort V., ve Doyle V. (2017) Cerebellar symptoms are associated with omission errors and variability of response time in children with adhd. Journal of attention disorders. 21(3): p. 190-199.
  • Gökler B., Ünal F, Pehlivantürk B., Kültür EÇ., Akdemir D., ve Taner Y.. (2004) Okul çaği çocuklari İçin duygulanim bozukluklari ve şizofreni görüşme çizelgesi-şimdi ve yaşam boyu şekli-türkçe uyarlamasinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağliği Dergisi, 11: 109-116.
  • Günay M.,Tamer K., Cicioğlu Ġ. (2013) Spor Fizyolojisi ve Performans Ölçümü, Gazi Kitapevi, 3. Baskı, sayfa 468-470.
  • Hart H., Radua J., Mataix-Cols D., ve Rubia K. (2012). Meta-analysis of fMRI studies of timing in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuroscience ve Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(10), 2248-2256.
  • Homack S., ve Riccio CA. (2004). A meta-analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the Stroop Color and Word Test with children. Archives of clinical Neuropsychology, 19(6), 725-743.
  • Karakaş S., Erdoğan E., Sak L., Soysal AŞ., Ulusoy T., Ulusoy İY., ve Alkan S. (1999). Stroop Testi TBAG Formu: Türk kültürüne standardizasyon çalışmaları, güvenirlik ve geçerlik. Klinik Psikiyatri, 2(2), 75-88.
  • Kaufman J., Birmaher B., Brent D., Rao U., Flynn C., Moreci P., Williamson D., ve Ryan N. (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (k-sads-pl): Initial eliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child ve Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(7): p. 980-988.
  • MacLeod CM. (1992) The stroop task: The" gold standard" of attentional measures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 121(1): p. 12.
  • Makris N., Biederman J., Valera EM., Bush G., Kaiser J., Kennedy D., Caviness V., Faraone S., ve Seidman L. (2006) Cortical thinning of the attention and executive function networks in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Cerebral Cortex. 17(6): p. 1364-1375.
  • Mason DJ., Humphreys GW., ve Kent LS. (2003). Exploring selective attention in ADHD: visual search through space and time. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(8), 1158-1176.
  • McAvinue LP., Vangkilde S., Johnson KA., Habekost T., Kyllingsbæk S., Bundesen C., ve Robertson IH. (2015). A componential analysis of visual attention in children with ADHD. Journal of attention disorders, 19(10), 882-894.
  • Salari N., Ghasemi H., Abdoli N., Rahmani A., Shiri MH., Hashemian AH., Akbari H., ve Mohammadi M. (2023). The global prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 49(1), 48.
  • Schoemaker K., Bunte SA. Wiebe KA. Espy, Dekovic M., ve Matthys V. (2012) Executive function deficits in preschool children with adhd and dbd. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 53(2): p. 111-119.
  • Stroop JR. (1935) Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of experimental psychology. 18(6): p. 643.
  • Tamm L., Narad ME., Antonini TN., O'brien KM., Hawk Jr, L W., ve Epstein, JN. (2012). Reaction time variability in ADHD: a review. Neurotherapeutics, 9(3), 500-508.
  • Wassenberg R, Hendriksen JG, Hurks PP, et al. Development of inattention, impulsivity, and processing speed as measured by the d2 Test: results of a large cross-sectional study in children aged 7–13. Child Neuropsychol. 2008;14:195-210.
  • YAYCI L., (2013) D2 dikkat testinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kalem Uluslararası Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi. 3: 43-80.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nurullah Büker 0000-0001-7387-3425

Yeşim Salık Şengül 0000-0001-7535-1735

Aynur Akay 0000-0003-2026-6765

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 16 Eylül 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 17 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Büker, N., Salık Şengül, Y., & Akay, A. (2024). DİKKAT EKSİKLİĞİ ve HİPERAKTİVİTE BOZUKLUĞU BULUNAN ÇOCUKLARDA REAKSİYON SÜRESİNİN DİKKAT DÜZEYLERİ ile İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Izmir Democracy University Health Sciences Journal, 7(2), 134-143. https://doi.org/10.52538/iduhes.1459955

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