Determination of Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Inula viscosa L. Aiton

Öz

The phenolic profile of three distinct extracts (petroleum ether (IVPE), acetone (IVA), and methanol (IVM)) derived from the aerial parts of the medicinal species Inula viscosa L. Aiton was determined using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In this study, the analysis of phenolic compounds in petroleum ether and acetone extracts and the total phenolic content (TPC) for I. viscosa species are reported for the first time. Based on the results, IVA extract was found to be the richest in phenolic content (3189.14 mg/kg),followed by IVM (2509.39 mg/kg) and IVPE (184.37 mg/kg). Rhamnocitrin, dihydrokaempferol, isosakuranetin, nepetin, nepetin-7-glucoside, acacetin, quercetin, verbascoside, and taxifolin were the most prevalent phenolic compounds found; the IVA extract had the highest concentrations of these compounds. In summary, I. viscosa extracts demonstrate significant phenolic content and considerable antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the TPC of these extracts was quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, with IVA having the highest phenolic content value (440.4 ± 0.001mg GAE/ g), followed by IVM (273.7 ± 0.001mg GAE/ g), and the lowest value was determined in IVPE (51.8± 0.001 mg GAE/ g). The antioxidant capacities of the extracts were assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the cupric ion (Cu²⁺) reducing capacity (CUPRAC) method. According to DPPH results, IVA exhibited moderate-to-high radical scavenging activity at all concentrations, also have the highest CUPRAC value (0.62 ± 0.04), consistent with its elevated phenolic content. The results showed that I. viscosa extracts are rich in phenolic compounds and exhibit strong antioxidant properties.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Inula viscosa
• LC-MS/MS
• Antioxidant activity
• Phenolic compounds

İnula viscosa L. Aiton Bitkisinin Fenolik İçeriği ve Antioksidan Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Şifalı bitki Inula viscosa L. Aiton bitkisinin toprak üstü kısımlarından elde edilen petrol eteri (IVPE), aseton (IVA) ve metanol (IVM) ekstraktlarındaki fenolik bileşikler sıvı kromatografi-tandem kütle spektrometrisi (LC-MS/MS) ile analiz edilmiştir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla, petrol eteri ve aseton ekstraktlarındaki fenolik bileşiklerin analizi ile toplam fenolik içeriği (TPC) ilk kez rapor edilmiştir. Fenolik madde miktarı bakımından en zengin olan ekstrakt IVA (3189.14 mg/kg) tespit edilmiş, bunu IVM (2509.39 mg/kg) ve IVPE (184.37 mg/kg) izlemiştir. Analizlerde en bol bulunan fenolik bileşikler rhamnositrin, dihidrokaempferol, ısosakuranetin, nepetin, nepetin-7-glukozid, acacetin, quercetin, verbaskozid ve taksifolin olarak belirlenmiştir; bu bileşiklerin miktarı özellikle IVA ekstraktında yüksektir. Ayrıca, ekstraktların toplam fenolik içerikleri Folin-Ciocalteu reaktifi kullanılarak belirlenmiş olup, IVA en yüksek fenolik içerik değerine sahipti (440,4 ± 0,001 mg GAE/g), onu IVM izledi (273,7 ± 0,001 mg GAE/g) en düşük değer ise IVPE'de (51,8 ± 0,001 mg GAE/g) belirlendi. Ekstraktların antioksidan kapasiteleri, 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) radikal süpürme yöntemi ve bakır (Cu²⁺) iyonu indirgeme kapasitesi (CUPRAC) yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş olup, IVA ekstraktı tüm konsantrasyonlarda yüksek radikal süpürme aktivitesi göstermiş ve aynı zamanda en yüksek CUPRAC değerine (0,62 ± 0,04) sahip bulunmuştur; bu durum, yüksek fenolik içeriği ile tutarlıdır. Bu sonuçlar, I. viscosa ekstraktlarının fenolik bileşikler açısından zengin olduğunu ve güçlü antioksidan özellikler gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnula viscosa
• LC-MS/MS
• Antioksidan aktivite
• Fenolik bileşikler

Kaynakça

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