The Effect of High Altitude Exercise on Oxidative Stress Level

Öz

Oxidative stress is more than 30 years and is the focus of exercise-based studies. In recent years, intensive studies have been carried out in different climate scenarios including exercise, oxidative stress and altitude. The adaptation of exercise to height starts around 1000-1500 m. However, a survey in the literature reveals that 'high altitude' responses are generally greater than 3000 m [1,2]. It has been for decades that people have been training at high altitudes to improve their performance at sea level.However, the athletic performance data (oxygen saturation, maximum oxygen consumption, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, etc.) obtained from the research results of about 30 years are quite different from each other. High altitude conditions cause changes in organism functions [3,4]. It is known that heavy and exhausting physical activities such as mountain and nature sports have systematic and locally significant acute effects on human beings. It has been suggested that the vital functions, first degree, induce oxidative stress and damage different tissues and cells. Body-regulating mechanisms in hypobaric hypoxic environments behave differently in each altitude environment for survival [5]. Vital functions, especially all the systems that make up life and how their functions are changed are mentioned as important issues to be explained. It is known that exposure to low oxygen pressure causes both metabolic and physiological changes [6]. It is reported that exposure to high altitude (due to changes in ROT formation and antioxidant activity) may lead to oxidative damage, although oxygen is not expected to be low in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROT) because oxygen demand will be limited due to hypoxia at high altitudes  [6,7]. Current knowledge about exercise and oxidative stress at high altitudes has been obtained from a limited number of studies. We will discuss the effect of high altitude exercise on oxidative stress level by reviewing relevant publications between 1997 and 2017 at Google academy and PubMed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Exercise,High altitude,Hypoxia,Oxidative stres

Yüksek İrtifada Yapılan Egzersizin Oksidatif Stres Düzeyine Etkisi

Öz

Oksidatif stres 30 yıldan daha fazladır egzersiz temelli çalışmaların odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Son yıllarda ise egzersiz, oksidatif stres ve yükseklikte dahil olmak üzere farklı iklim senaryolarında yoğun çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Yüksekliğe egzersiz adaptasyonları, 1000-1500 m civarında başlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, literatürde yapılan bir araştırma, 'yüksek rakım' yanıtlarının genellikle 3000 m'nin üzerinde olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır [1,2]. Bireylerin deniz seviyesinde sahip oldukları performanslarını daha iyi düzeye getirmek için yüksekte antrenman yapma düşüncesi yıllardır vardır. Bununla birlikte yaklaşık 30 yıldır yapılan araştırma sonuçlarından elde edilen atletik performans verileri (oksijen doygunluğu, maksimum oksijen tüketimi, kalp atım sayısı, arteriyel kan basıncı gibi) birbirinden oldukça farklıdır. Yüksek irtifa şartları organizma fonksiyonlarında değişimlere neden olmaktadır [3,4]. Dağ ve doğa sporları gibi ağır ve yorucu fiziksel aktivitelerin insan üzerine sistemik ve lokal olarak önemli akut etkileri olduğu bilinmektedir. Vital fonksiyonlar birinci dereceden olmak üzere yüksek irtifanın oksidatif stresi tetiklediği ve farklı doku ve hücrelerin hasarlanmasına neden olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. Hipobarik hipoksik ortamlarda vücut düzenleme mekanizmaları, canlılığın devamı için her yükseklik ortamında farklı davranmaktadır [5]. Vital fonksiyonlar başta olmak üzere canlılığı oluşturan tüm sistemler ve onların işlevlerinin nasıl değiştiği, açıklanması gereken önemli konular olarak belirtilmektedir. Düşük oksijen basıncına maruz kalmanın hem metabolik hem de fizyolojik değişikliklere yol açtığı bilinmektedir [6]. Yüksek irtifada hipoksiden dolayı oksijen talebi sınırlı olacağı için Reaktif oksijen türevlerinin (ROT) üretimininde az olacağı düşünülmesine rağmen, yüksek irtifaya maruz kalmanın da (ROT oluşumu ve antioksidan aktivitesindeki değişikliklerden dolayı) oksidatif hasara yol açabileceği rapor edilmektedir [6,7]. Yüksek irtifada egzersiz ve oksidatif stres hakkında halihazırda bilinenler genellikle sınırlı sayıdaki araştırmalardan elde edilmiştir. Bu araştırma kapsamında Google akademi ve PubMed’ de 1997 ve 2017 tarihleri arasında ilgili yayınlar gözden geçirilerek yüksek irtifada yapılan egzersizlerin oksidatif stres düzeyine etkisini tartışacağız.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Spor,Yüksek irtifa,Oksijen yetmezliği,Oksidatif Stres

Kaynakça

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