PROVİDİNG NUTRİTİONAL SUPPORT İN ADULT PATİENTS: A LOOK AT THE ASPEN GUİDE

Abstract

Introduction: Nutritional support with enteral or parenteral formulas is needed to maintain or improve disrupted nutrition. In individuals at risk for malnutrition, the nutritional status should be assessed by appropriate methods and clearly demonstrated. Malnutrition is a condition that may have negative consequences on mortality and morbidity. Enteral nutrition is the provision of nutritional support by administering nutrients through a catheter, tube or mouth to a part of the gastrointestinal tract away from the oral cavity. Parenteral nutrition is the intravenous administration of nutrients. The use of the gastrointestinal tract instead of parenteral nutrition alone helps to maintain mucosal barrier function and integrity. Aim: This study was conducted to review current, global studies on the provision of nutritional support in adult patients and the latest guidelines of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. It is aimed to compile and improve the general literature on nutritional support and to contribute to those who want to collect information on this subject. Methods: The guidelines obtained from ASPEN's original website “nutritioncare.org” and the Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, the studies of researchers conducted under the name of the ASPEN organization were examined and constituted the source of this review. A literature search was then conducted. The search was conducted using the following electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar. The search was performed using the following search terms: ''critically ill patients'', ''nutrition in intensive care'', ''enteral nutrition'', ''parenteral nutrition'', ''nutrition support''. Conclusion: The first choice for nutritional support should always be enteral nutrition. Parenteral nutrition may be mandatory in case of general complications such as diarrhea, aspiration and tube obstructions in enteral nutrition or in case of gastrointestinal failure.

Keywords

• Nutrition support
• Enteral nutrition
• Parenteral nutrition
• ASPEN Guideline

Öz

Giriş: Sekteye uğramış beslenmenin devam edebilmesi veya beslenmeyi iyileştirmek amacıyla enteral ya da parenteral formüller ile beslenme desteğine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Malnütrisyon açısından riskli bireylerde, beslenme durumu uygun yöntemle değerlendirilerek net olarak ortaya konmalıdır. Malnütrisyon mortalite ve morbidite üzerinde olumsuz sonuçlara neden olabilecek bir durumdur. Enteral nütrisyon; besin öğelerinin bir kateter veya tüp ya da ağız yoluyla ağız boşluğundan uzaklaşarak gastrointestinal kanalın bir yerine verilmesi ile beslenme desteği sağlanmasıdır. Parenteral nütrisyon ise besin öğelerinin intravenöz olarak sağlanmasıdır. Tek başına parenteral nütrisyon yerine gastrointestinal kanalın kullanılması (Enteral Nütrisyon), mukozal bariyer işlevi ve bütünlüğünün korunmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Amaç: Bu çalışma yetişkin hastalarda nütrisyonel desteğin sağlanması hakkında güncel, küresel çalışmaları ve Amerikan Parenteral ve Enteral Beslenme Derneğinin son kılavuzlarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Beslenme desteği hakkında genel literatür bilgilerinin derlenmesi, gelişmesi ve bu konuda bilgi toplamak isteyenlere katkı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: ASPEN’in orjinal web sayfası ‘‘nutritioncare.org’’dan elde edilen kılavuzlar ve Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (JPEN) dergisinden, ASPEN kurumu adı altında yürütülen araştırmacıların çalışmaları incelenmiş ve bu derlemenin kaynağını oluşturmuştur. Ardından literatür taraması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arama şu elektronik veritabanları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir: Web of Science, PubMed ve Google Akademik. Arama, şu arama terimleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi: ‘‘kritik hastalar’’, ‘‘yoğun bakımda beslenme’’,‘‘enteral beslenme’’, ‘‘parenteral beslenme’’, ‘‘beslenme desteği ’’. Sonuç: Hastanın beslenme desteği için her zaman ilk tercih enteral nütrisyon olmalıdır. Enteral nütrisyonda; diyare, aspirasyon ve tüp tıkanıklıkları gibi genel komplikasyonlar yaşanması halinde veya gastrointestinal yetmezlik durumunda parenteral nütrisyon zorunlu olabilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beslenme desteği
• Enteral beslenme
• Parenteral beslenme
• ASPEN kılavuzu

Kaynakça

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