Bank-Centered Capital Accumulation and Class Formation in Early Republican Türkiye: A Historical–Institutional Analysis of Türkiye İş Bankası (1924–1930)
Öz
This study aims to examine the role of Türkiye İş Bankası in the early Republican period as a
central mechanism of bank-centered capital accumulation and national bourgeoisie
formation under conditions of late industrialization. Employing a historical–institutional
political economy framework, the analysis draws on archival materials, early bank reports,
legal statutes, and contemporaneous public discourse covering the period between 1924
and 1930. Rather than relying on econometric causal estimation, the study focuses on
institutional design, political intent, and historical sequencing to analyses how savings
mobilization, developmental credit allocation, and direct equity participation operated as
mechanisms of capital accumulation and class formation. The findings indicate that Türkiye
İş Bankası functioned not merely as a financial intermediary but as a state-guided private
banking institution that actively contributed to the formation of a domestic entrepreneurial
class. A comparative discussion with Germany and Japan further demonstrates that the
Turkish experience represents a distinct configuration of state-guided private banking in
which class formation constituted an explicitly articulated political objective rather than an
indirect outcome of economic growth. By foregrounding class formation as a core analytical
dimension of bank-centered development, the study contributes to comparative political
economy debates on state–finance relations and the institutional foundations of capitalist
development.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
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Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
İş Sistemleri (Diğer)
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Deniz Çakmak
*
0009-0000-1842-5865
Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi
30 Haziran 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
6 Ocak 2026
Kabul Tarihi
15 Nisan 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Sayı: 8