Araştırma Makalesi

Bank-Centered Capital Accumulation and Class Formation in Early Republican Türkiye: A Historical–Institutional Analysis of Türkiye İş Bankası (1924–1930)

Sayı: 8 30 Haziran 2026
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Bank-Centered Capital Accumulation and Class Formation in Early Republican Türkiye: A Historical–Institutional Analysis of Türkiye İş Bankası (1924–1930)

Öz

This study aims to examine the role of Türkiye İş Bankası in the early Republican period as a
central mechanism of bank-centered capital accumulation and national bourgeoisie
formation under conditions of late industrialization. Employing a historical–institutional
political economy framework, the analysis draws on archival materials, early bank reports,
legal statutes, and contemporaneous public discourse covering the period between 1924
and 1930. Rather than relying on econometric causal estimation, the study focuses on
institutional design, political intent, and historical sequencing to analyses how savings
mobilization, developmental credit allocation, and direct equity participation operated as
mechanisms of capital accumulation and class formation. The findings indicate that Türkiye
İş Bankası functioned not merely as a financial intermediary but as a state-guided private
banking institution that actively contributed to the formation of a domestic entrepreneurial
class. A comparative discussion with Germany and Japan further demonstrates that the
Turkish experience represents a distinct configuration of state-guided private banking in
which class formation constituted an explicitly articulated political objective rather than an
indirect outcome of economic growth. By foregrounding class formation as a core analytical
dimension of bank-centered development, the study contributes to comparative political
economy debates on state–finance relations and the institutional foundations of capitalist
development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Abbott, A. (2001). Time matters: On theory and method. University of Chicago Press.
  2. Allen, F., & Gale, D. (2000). Comparing financial systems. MIT Press.
  3. Amsden, A. H. (1989). Asia’s next giant: South Korea and late industrialization. Oxford University Press.
  4. Aoki, M. (2001). Toward a comparative institutional analysis. MIT Press.
  5. Avcıoğlu, D. (1968). Türkiye’nin düzeni. Bilgi Yayınevi.
  6. Avcıoğlu, D. (1978). Türkiye’nin düzeni (Genişletilmiş baskı). Bilgi Yayınevi.
  7. Beck, T., & Levine, R. (2002). Industry growth and capital allocation: Does having a market- or bank-based system matter? Journal of Financial Economics, 64(2), 147–180.
  8. Block, F. (2008). Swimming against the current: The rise of a hidden developmental state in the United States. Politics & Society, 36(2), 169–206.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

İş Sistemleri (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

6 Ocak 2026

Kabul Tarihi

15 Nisan 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Sayı: 8

Kaynak Göster

APA
Çakmak, D. (2026). Bank-Centered Capital Accumulation and Class Formation in Early Republican Türkiye: A Historical–Institutional Analysis of Türkiye İş Bankası (1924–1930). İşletme ve Girişimcilik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8, 1-19. https://izlik.org/JA93NU53XA
AMA
1.Çakmak D. Bank-Centered Capital Accumulation and Class Formation in Early Republican Türkiye: A Historical–Institutional Analysis of Türkiye İş Bankası (1924–1930). igad. 2026;(8):1-19. https://izlik.org/JA93NU53XA
Chicago
Çakmak, Deniz. 2026. “Bank-Centered Capital Accumulation and Class Formation in Early Republican Türkiye: A Historical–Institutional Analysis of Türkiye İş Bankası (1924–1930)”. İşletme ve Girişimcilik Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy 8: 1-19. https://izlik.org/JA93NU53XA.
EndNote
Çakmak D (01 Haziran 2026) Bank-Centered Capital Accumulation and Class Formation in Early Republican Türkiye: A Historical–Institutional Analysis of Türkiye İş Bankası (1924–1930). İşletme ve Girişimcilik Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 1–19.
IEEE
[1]D. Çakmak, “Bank-Centered Capital Accumulation and Class Formation in Early Republican Türkiye: A Historical–Institutional Analysis of Türkiye İş Bankası (1924–1930)”, igad, sy 8, ss. 1–19, Haz. 2026, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA93NU53XA
ISNAD
Çakmak, Deniz. “Bank-Centered Capital Accumulation and Class Formation in Early Republican Türkiye: A Historical–Institutional Analysis of Türkiye İş Bankası (1924–1930)”. İşletme ve Girişimcilik Araştırmaları Dergisi. 8 (01 Haziran 2026): 1-19. https://izlik.org/JA93NU53XA.
JAMA
1.Çakmak D. Bank-Centered Capital Accumulation and Class Formation in Early Republican Türkiye: A Historical–Institutional Analysis of Türkiye İş Bankası (1924–1930). igad. 2026;:1–19.
MLA
Çakmak, Deniz. “Bank-Centered Capital Accumulation and Class Formation in Early Republican Türkiye: A Historical–Institutional Analysis of Türkiye İş Bankası (1924–1930)”. İşletme ve Girişimcilik Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy 8, Haziran 2026, ss. 1-19, https://izlik.org/JA93NU53XA.
Vancouver
1.Deniz Çakmak. Bank-Centered Capital Accumulation and Class Formation in Early Republican Türkiye: A Historical–Institutional Analysis of Türkiye İş Bankası (1924–1930). igad [Internet]. 01 Haziran 2026;(8):1-19. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA93NU53XA