Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojilerinin Çevresel Kalite Üzerindeki Etkisi: Heterojen Panel Tahmin Modellerinden Kanıtlar

Öz

İnsan ve toplumların sosyoekonomik gelişiminde önemli rol oynayan bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin (BİT) çevresel kalite üzerinde de potansiyel etkileri mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada 1995-2018 yılları arasında yükselen piyasa ekonomilerinde BİT, enerji tüketimi, ekonomik büyüme ve küreselleşmenin çevresel kalite üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin araştırılması için yatay kesit ve eğim heterojenliğine dayanıklı panel tahmin modelleri kullanılmıştır. Çevresel kalitenin bir göstergesi olarak kabul edilen CO2 emisyonlarının ülkeler arasında farklılaşması nedeniyle ülkelerin emisyon düzeyleri veriye dayalı algoritma aracılığıyla sınıflandırılmıştır. Yapılan sınıflandırma çerçevesinde, yükselen piyasa ekonomilerinin iki alt kulüp altında toplandığı bulgusu elde edilmiştir. Kulüp 1 için BİT ve küreselleşmenin CO2 emisyonlarının azaltılmasına yardımcı olduğu; buna karşın Kulüp 2 ve panelin tamamında ise çevresel bozulmalara neden olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte hem kulüpler hem de panelin tamamında ekonomik büyüme ve enerji tüketiminin emisyonları arttığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Panel nedensellik bulgularına göre, her bir alt kulüp ve panelin tamamında farklı nedensellik ilişkileri olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• BİT
• Çevresel kalite
• İçsel ülke sınıflandırması
• Panel tahmin modelleri
• Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri

The Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on Environmental Quality for Emerging Market Economies: Evidence from Heterogeneous Panel Estimations Models

Öz

Information and communication technologies (ICTs), which play a critical role in the socio-economic development of individuals and societies, also have potential impacts on environmental quality. This study examines the impact of ICT, energy consumption, economic growth, and globalization on the quality of the environment in emerging market economies between 1995 and 2018. The study has employed panel estimations techniques, which are robust for cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity, to investigate the linkages between the variables. Since CO2 emissions, which it has accepted as an indicator of environmental quality, differ between countries, it has been classified the emission levels of countries by using a data-based algorithm. The classification shows that emerging market economies fall into two sub-clubs. For Club 1, ICT and globalization help to reduce CO2 emissions, while Club 2 and the whole panel have caused environmental degradation. In addition, economic growth and energy consumption increase emissions for both the clubs and the overall. According to the panel causality results, there are different causality relationships in each sub-clubs and the whole panel.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ICT
• Environmental quality
• Endogenous country classification
• Panel estimations techniques
• Emerging market economies

Kaynakça

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