Lojistik Sektöründe Sürdürülebilirlik Kriterleri ve Stratejilerinin Önceliklendirilmesi: SWARA Yöntemi ile Bir Karar Destek Analizi

Öz

Tükenen kaynak rezervleri, küresel ısınma ve değişen iklim koşulları, işletmeleri sürdürülebilirliğe yönelik stratejik adımlar atmaya zorlamaktadır. Tedarik zincirinin ayrılmaz bir parçası olan lojistik sektörü, çevresel etkileri nedeniyle sıklıkla eleştirilmekte ve çevre örgütlerinden artan bir baskı ile karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle, çevresel etkileri azaltırken ekonomik faydaları artırmayı hedefleyen sürdürülebilirlik odaklı stratejilerin geliştirilmesi sektör için bir zorunluluk hâline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, lojistik sektörü için temel sürdürülebilirlik kriterlerini belirlemek, bu kriterlerin uygulanmasına yönelik stratejiler geliştirmek ve önerilen stratejilerin göreli önem düzeylerini ortaya koymaktır. Literatür taraması, uzman görüşleri ve sürdürülebilirlik raporları temel alınarak ekonomik, çevresel ve sosyal boyutlar altında toplam 21 kriter belirlenmiş ve beş strateji oluşturulmuştur. Uluslararası ölçekte faaliyet gösteren üç lojistik işletmesinden elde edilen uzman değerlendirmeleri SWARA yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, ekonomik boyutta verimlilik, maliyet azaltımı ve rekabetçiliğin; çevresel boyutta karbon emisyonlarının azaltılması, atık minimizasyonu ve su tasarrufunun; sosyal boyutta ise iş sağlığı ve güvenliği, kurumsal itibar ile cinsiyet ve etnik eşitliğin önceliklendirildiğini göstermektedir. Yenilenebilir kaynak kullanımının en önemli strateji olarak öne çıktığı, filo modernizasyonunun ise en kritik alt strateji olarak belirlendiği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma, karar vericilere sürdürülebilirlik eylemlerinin planlanmasında ve çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal performansın geliştirilmesinde yol gösterici nitelikte yapılandırılmış bir çerçeve sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lojistik
• Sürdürülebilir Lojistik
• Yeşil Lojistik
• Sürdürülebilirlik Stratejisi
• SWARA Yöntemi

Prioritization of Sustainability Criteria and Strategies in the Logistics Sector: A Decision Support Analysis Using the SWARA Method

Öz

Depleting resource reserves, global warming, and changing climate conditions compel businesses to take strategic actions toward sustainability. As an integral part of the supply chain, the logistics sector is frequently criticized for its environmental impacts and faces growing pressure from environmental organizations. Therefore, developing sustainability-oriented strategies to mitigate environmental impacts while enhancing economic benefits has become a necessity for the sector. This study aims to determine the key sustainability criteria for the logistics sector, develop strategies for their implementation, and to determine the relative importance of the proposed strategies. Based on literature, expert inputs, and sustainability reports, 21 criteria were identified under economic, environmental, and social dimensions, and five strategies were formulated. Expert evaluations from three internationally operating logistics companies were analyzed through SWARA. The findings show that efficiency, cost reduction, and competitiveness are prioritized economically; carbon emission reduction, waste minimization, and water conservation environmentally; and occupational health and safety, corporate reputation, and gender and ethnic equality socially. Renewable resource utilization emerged as the most important strategy, with fleet modernization identified as the most critical sub-strategy. The study provides a structured framework to guide decision-makers in planning sustainability actions and improving environmental, economic, and social performance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Logistics
• Sustainable logistics
• Green logistics
• Sustainable strategy
• SWARA method

Kaynakça

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