Kamu Sektöründe Yapay Zekâ Benimsenmesinde Beşerî ve Kurumsal Kapasite: OECD OPSI Vakalarından Bulgular

Öz

Bu çalışma, kamu kurumlarında yapay zekâ uygulamalarının sunduğu imkânlar ve karşılaşılan sınırlılıkların kurumsal ve insan kapasitesi tarafından nasıl şekillendirildiğini incelemektedir. Araştırma, OECD Kamu Sektörü İnovasyon Gözlemevi (OPSI) tarafından derlenen 143 yapay zekâ odaklı vaka çalışmasına dayanmaktadır. Çalışmada betimleyici analiz, nitel kodlama ve teori temelli yorumlamayı birleştiren üç aşamalı tümevarımsal bir yöntem benimsenmiştir. Analiz, Teknoloji İmkânları ve Sınırlılıkları Teorisi (TACT) çerçevesinde yürütülmüştür. Bulgular, kamu sektöründeki yapay zekâ projelerinin ağırlıklı olarak süreç otomasyonu, öngörü analitiği ve karar destek mekanizmalarını güçlendirdiğini, ancak veri altyapısı eksiklikleri, beceri yetersizlikleri, hukuki belirsizlikler ve örgütsel parçalanma gibi faktörlerle sınırlandığını göstermektedir. Bu imkânlar ve sınırlılıklar, yönetişim yapıları, kurumsal rutinler ve mesleki yetkinlikler tarafından şekillenen sosyo-teknik etkileşimler sonucunda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışma, kamu sektöründe yapay zekâ benimsemesinde kapasitenin ilişkisel ve dinamik bir unsur olduğunu ortaya koymakta ve politika yapıcılar için sürdürülebilir yapay zekâ stratejilerine yönelik önemli çıkarımlar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay Zeka
• Kamu Sektörü İnovasyonu
• Kurumsal Kapasite
• İnsan Kapasitesi
• Teknoloji Olanakları ve Kısıtlamaları Teorisi (TACT)
• OECD OPSI

Human and Institutional Capacity in Public Sector AI Adoption: Evidence from OECD OPSI Cases

Öz

This study examines how institutional and human capacities shape the realization of artificial intelligence (AI) affordances and constraints in public sector organizations. Drawing on 143 AI-related case studies from the OECD Observatory of Public Sector Innovation (OPSI), the research adopts a three-stage inductive analytical approach combining descriptive mapping, qualitative coding, and theory-informed interpretation. The analysis is grounded in Technology Affordances and Constraints Theory (TACT), which conceptualizes technological effects as relational and context-dependent. The findings reveal that AI initiatives in the public sector primarily enable process automation, predictive analytics, and decision support, while implementation is frequently constrained by data limitations, skills shortages, legal uncertainty, and organizational fragmentation. These affordances and constraints are shown to emerge through socio-technical interactions shaped by governance arrangements, organizational routines, and professional competencies. Rather than functioning as static prerequisites, institutional and human capacities evolve through iterative processes of learning and adaptation. By providing large-scale comparative evidence, this study advances a relational understanding of capacity in public sector AI adoption and demonstrates the analytical value of curated innovation case repositories. The findings offer theoretical insights for research on digital governance and practical guidance for policymakers seeking to design sustainable and capacity-sensitive AI strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Artificial Intelligence
• Public Sector Innovation
• Institutional Capacity
• Human Capacity
• Technology Affordances and Constraints Theory (TACT)
• OECD OPSI

Kaynakça

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