Endüstri Çalışanlarında Psikososyal Riskler ve Tükenmişlik: Ankara Şeker Fabrikası Örneğinde Sosyal Hizmet Perspektifinden Bir İnceleme

Öz

Bu çalışma, endüstriyel çalışanların karşılaştığı psikososyal riskleri belirlemeyi ve bu risklerin tükenmişlik ile ilişkisini endüstriyel sosyal hizmet perspektifinden incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Araştırma, Ankara Şeker Fabrikası’nda çalışan 718 işçi ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler, Kopenhag Psikososyal Anketi (COPSOQ) ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri (MBI) kullanılarak toplanmış ve SPSS ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, çalışanların psikososyal risk algılarının tükenmişlik düzeylerini anlamlı şekilde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Genel COPSOQ puanları ile Duygusal Tükenmişlik arasında güçlü pozitif bir korelasyon saptanmıştır (r = 0,751, p <0,001). Regresyon analizi, psikososyal risklerin Duygusal Tükenmişliği anlamlı düzeyde yordadığını (β = 0,751, R² = 0,564, p <0,001) ve varyansın %56,3’ünü açıkladığını göstermiştir. Psikososyal riskler arttıkça duygusal tükenmenin de arttığı gözlenmiştir. Kişisel Başarı ile COPSOQ puanları arasındaki ilişki orta düzeyde negatif olup (R = 0.352, p < 0.001), psikososyal risklerin yükselmesinin başarı hissini zayıf da olsa azalttığını düşündürmektedir. Psikososyal riskler ile duyarsızlaşma arasında da pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur (R = 0.579, p < 0.001). Yetersiz sosyal destek, yüksek iş talepleri ve etkisiz liderlik gibi faktörlerin tükenmişliği artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Ekolojik yaklaşım doğrultusunda, çalışanların psikolojik sağlığı ve tükenmişlik düzeyi bireysel özelliklerin yanı sıra örgütsel ve çevresel koşullardan da etkilenmektedir. Bu nedenle sosyal desteğin güçlendirilmesi, yönetsel yaklaşımların iyileştirilmesi ve özellikle üretim sektöründe vardiyalı çalışma, fiziksel iş yükü ve iş sağlığı ve güvenliği risklerini gözeten kurumsal müdahalelerin geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir. Gelecek araştırmalarda ise psikososyal risklerin sektörler arası farklılıklarını ve zamansal değişimini inceleyen boylamsal tasarımlara yer verilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psikososyal riskler
• Tükenmişlik
• Endüstriyel ortam
• Ekolojik Yaklaşım
• Endüstriyel sosyal hizmet
• Ankara Şeker Fabrikası

Psychosocial Risks and Burnout among Industrial Workers: A Social Work Perspective from Ankara Sugar Factory

Öz

This study aimed to identify psychosocial risks faced by industrial employees and examine their relationship with burnout from an industrial social work perspective. The research was conducted with 718 employees at the Ankara Sugar Factory. Data were collected using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and analyzed with SPSS. Results showed that employees’ perceptions of psychosocial risks significantly affected burnout. A strong positive correlation was found between overall COPSOQ scores and Emotional Exhaustion (r = 0.751, p <0.001). Regression analysis showed that psychosocial risks significantly predicted Emotional Exhaustion (β = 0.751, R² = 0.564, p <0.001), explaining 56.3% of the variance. Emotional exhaustion increased with psychosocial risks. The relationship between Personal Accomplishment and COPSOQ scores was moderately negative (R = 0.352, p < 0.001), suggesting that higher psychosocial risks reduce the sense of accomplishment, albeit weakly. A positive correlation also existed between psychosocial risks and depersonalization (R = 0.579, p < 0.001). Factors such as insufficient social support, high job demands, and inadequate leadership were found to increase burnout. From an ecological perspective, employees’ psychological well-being and levels of burnout are influenced not only by individual characteristics but also by organizational and environmental conditions. Accordingly, strengthening social support, improving management practices, and developing organizational interventions that address shift work, physical workload, and occupational health and safety risks, particularly in the manufacturing sector, are recommended. Future research should employ longitudinal designs to examine cross-sectoral differences and temporal changes in psychosocial risks.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psychosocial Risks
• Burnout
• Industrial Environment
• Ecosystem Approach
• Industrial Social Work
• Ankara Sugar Factory

Kaynakça

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