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Türkiye’de Sanayileşme ve Kadın Emeği İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2021, ICOMEP ÖZEL SAYISI, 57 - 71, 20.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.54600/igdirsosbilder.991730

Öz

Sanayileşme ve işgücü ilişkisi farklı ülkeler için farklı özelliklere sahip olabilmektedir. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler için kadının istihdam içerisindeki rolü daha çok ekonomik büyümeye etkisi üzerinden ele alınmaktadır. Dolayısıyla kadın emeğinin çıktı ve sanayileşme üzerindeki etkilerinin literatürde sıklıkla çalışıldığı ancak sanayileşmenin kadın emeği üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin literatürün nispeten sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de sanayinin, kadın istihdamı üzerindeki etkisi eşbütünleşme metodolojisi yardımı ile incelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’de 1988-2018 yılları arasında kadın istihdamı ve sanayileşme ilişkisi ARDL sınır testi ile ele alınmaktadır. Bu alanda daha önce yapılan sınırlı düzeydeki çalışmalar, Türkiye’de kadın istihdamı ile sanayileşme arasındaki ilişkinin negatif bir ilişki içerisinde olduğu sonucuna varmıştır. Çalışmamızda Türkiye’de sanayileşme, ihracat hacmi, ekonomik büyüme ve kadın istihdamı arasında uzun dönemde bir koentegrasyon ilişkisinin var olduğu görülmüştür. Diğer yandan sanayileşme ve ihracat hacminin, kadın istihdamı üzerinde uzun dönemde pozitif bir etkisinin var olduğu görülmektedir. Diğer taraftan uzun dönemde ekonomik büyümenin kadın istihdamı üzerinde negatif bir etkisinin mevcut olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

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Kaynakça

  • Acevedo, Luz Del Alba (1990). Industrialization and Employment: Changes in the Patterns of Women's Work in Puerto Rico. World Development. 18(2): 231-255.
  • Ahmad, Najid and Liangsheng Du (2017). Effects of energy production and CO2 emissions on economic growth in Iran: ARDL approach. Energy 123: 521-537.
  • Başlevent, Cem ve Özlem Onaran (2004). “The Effect of Export-Oriented Growth on Female Labor Market Outcomes in Turkey”, World Development, 32 (8), ss. 1375–1393.
  • Cabaze-Garcia, Laura, Esther B.Del Brio ve Mery Luz Oscana-Victorio (2018), “Gender Factors and Inclusive Economic Growth: The Silent Revolution”, Sustainability, 121(10), ss.1-14.
  • Çağatay, N., & Berik, G. (1991). Transition to export-led growth in Turkey: is there a feminisation of employment?. Capital & Class, 15(1), 153-177.
  • Çetin, M. ve Saygın, S. (2019). Yapısal Kırılma Altında Ticari Dışa Açıklığın Enerji Tüketimi Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi Örneği. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 6 (2): 316-332.
  • Dantama, Yusuf Umar, Yahya Zakari Abdullahi and Nasiru Inuwa (2012). Energy Consumption – Economic Growth Nexus in Nigeria: An Emprical Assessment Based Bound Test Approach. European Scientific Journal. June edition vol. 8, No.12. 141-157.
  • Dedeoğlu, Saniye (2016). “Türkiye’de Yeni Kapitalizm ve Kadın İstihdamı Malatya, Şanlıurfa ve Adıyaman Örneğinde Talep Yönlü Bir Analiz”. Kapitalizm, Ataerkillik ve Kadın Emeği, Neoliberal ve Muhafazakâr Dönem, Der. Melda Yaman ve Saniye Dedeoğlu, İstanbul: Sosyal Araştırmalar Vakfı, ss.47-81.
  • Doğan, Buharı ve Mürsel Akyüz (2017). Female Labor force participation and economic growth in the framework of Kuznets curve: Evidence from Turkey. Review of Economic and Business Studies, 10(1), ss.33-54.
  • Folasade, Popoola Bukola and Ayoola Joshua Olarewaju (2019). A Comparative Analysis of the Relationship Between Female Labour Participation and Economic Growth: A Case Study of Nigeria and Ghana. Journal of Academic Research in Economics. 11(3): 705-724.
  • Goldin, Claudia and Kenneth Sokoloff (1982). Women, Children, and Industrialization in the Early Republic: Evidence from the Manufacturing Censuses. The Journal of Economic History, Dec., 1982, Vol. 42, No. 4 (Dec., 1982), ss. 741-774.
  • Gujarati, Damodar (2016). Örneklerle Uygulamalı Ekonometri. Çev. Nasip Bolatoğlu, İkinci Edisyondan Çeviri, Ankara: BB101.
  • Klasen, Stephan and Francesca Lamanna (2009). The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education and Employment on Economic Growth: New Evidence for a Panel of Countries. Feminist Economics. 15(3): 91-132, DOI: 10.1080/13545700902893106.
  • Lechman, Ewa and Harleen Kaur (2015). Economic Growth and Female Labor Force Participation – Verifying the U-Feminization Hypothesis. New Evidence for 162 Countries Over the Period 1990-2012. Economics and Sociology, ss.1-13.
  • Mujahid, Nooreen and Naeem uz Zafar (2012). Economic Growth-Female Labour Force Participation Nexus: An Empirical Evidence for Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, Winter 2012, 51 (4): 565-586. Ogaki, Masao (1993). Unit Roots in Macroeconometrics: A Survey. BOJ Monetary and Economic Studies. 11(2), ss.131-154.
  • Park, Kyung Ae (1995). Women Workers in South Korea The Impact of Export-Led Industrialization, Asian Survey, 35(8), August 1995, pp. 740-756.
  • Pervaiz, Zahid, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Sajjad Ahmad Jan ve Amatul R. Chaudhary (2011). Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: A Time Series Analysis for Pakistan, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 10 (4), 434-439.
  • Rau, William ve Robert Wazienski (1999). Industrialization, Female Labor Force Participation, and the Modern Division of Labor by Sex. Industrial Relations, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp.504-521.
  • Rios, Palmira N. (1990). Export-Oriented Industrialization and the Demand for Female Labor: Puerto Rican Women in the Manufacturing Sector, 1952-1980. Gender and Society , Sep., 1990, Vol. 4, No. 3, Special Issue: Women and Development in the Third World (Sep., 1990), pp. 321-337.
  • Seguino, Stephanie (2000), “Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Analysis”, World Development, 28(7), ss. 1211-1230.
  • Suh, Moon-Gi (2017). Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in South Korea: Tracing out the U-shaped Curve by Economic Growth. Social Indıcator Research, 131: 255-269.
  • Toksöz, Gülay (2017). Neoliberal Piyasa, Özel ve Kamusal Patriarka Çıkmazında Kadın Emeği, içinde Türkiye’de Refah Devleti ve Kadın, Der. Saniye Dedeoğşu ve Adem Yavuz Elveren, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, ss.103-126.
  • Udoh, Elijah, Udoma Afangideh, and Elias A. Udeaja (2015). Fiscal decentralization, economic growth and human resource development in Nigeria: Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. CBN Journal of Applied Statistics 6 (1): 69-93.
  • Yaman, Melda (2016). “Türkiye’de Sanayi ve İstihdam Stratejileri Çerçevesinde Kadın İstihdamının Yönelimleri”. Kapitalizm, Ataerkillik ve Kadın Emeği, Neoliberal ve Muhafazakâr Dönem, Der. Melda Yaman ve Saniye Dedeoğlu, İstanbul: Sosyal Araştırmalar Vakfı, ss.11-46.
  • World Bank (2021). World Development Indicators. (Erişim: 15.09.2021), https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators

An Evaluation on the Relationship between Industrialization and Women’s Labor in Turkey

Yıl 2021, ICOMEP ÖZEL SAYISI, 57 - 71, 20.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.54600/igdirsosbilder.991730

Öz

The relationship between industrialization and labor may have different characteristics for different countries. For developing countries, the role of women in employment is mostly discussed through its impact on economic growth. Therefore, it is seen that the effects of women's labor on output and industrialization are frequently studied in the literature, but the literature on the effect of industrialization on women's labor is relatively limited. In this study, the effect of industrialization on women's employment in Turkey is examined with the help of cointegration methodology. In this context, the relationship between women's employment and industrialization in Turkey between the years 1988-2018 is discussed with the ARDL Bound test. Limited previous studies in this area have concluded that there is a negative relationship between women's employment and industrialization in Turkey. In our study, it has been observed that there is a long-term cointegration relationship between industrialization, export volume, economic growth and women's employment in Turkey. On the other hand, it is seen that industrialization and export volume have a positive effect on women's employment in the long run. On the other hand, it has been determined that there is a negative effect of economic growth on women's employment in the long run.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • Acevedo, Luz Del Alba (1990). Industrialization and Employment: Changes in the Patterns of Women's Work in Puerto Rico. World Development. 18(2): 231-255.
  • Ahmad, Najid and Liangsheng Du (2017). Effects of energy production and CO2 emissions on economic growth in Iran: ARDL approach. Energy 123: 521-537.
  • Başlevent, Cem ve Özlem Onaran (2004). “The Effect of Export-Oriented Growth on Female Labor Market Outcomes in Turkey”, World Development, 32 (8), ss. 1375–1393.
  • Cabaze-Garcia, Laura, Esther B.Del Brio ve Mery Luz Oscana-Victorio (2018), “Gender Factors and Inclusive Economic Growth: The Silent Revolution”, Sustainability, 121(10), ss.1-14.
  • Çağatay, N., & Berik, G. (1991). Transition to export-led growth in Turkey: is there a feminisation of employment?. Capital & Class, 15(1), 153-177.
  • Çetin, M. ve Saygın, S. (2019). Yapısal Kırılma Altında Ticari Dışa Açıklığın Enerji Tüketimi Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi Örneği. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 6 (2): 316-332.
  • Dantama, Yusuf Umar, Yahya Zakari Abdullahi and Nasiru Inuwa (2012). Energy Consumption – Economic Growth Nexus in Nigeria: An Emprical Assessment Based Bound Test Approach. European Scientific Journal. June edition vol. 8, No.12. 141-157.
  • Dedeoğlu, Saniye (2016). “Türkiye’de Yeni Kapitalizm ve Kadın İstihdamı Malatya, Şanlıurfa ve Adıyaman Örneğinde Talep Yönlü Bir Analiz”. Kapitalizm, Ataerkillik ve Kadın Emeği, Neoliberal ve Muhafazakâr Dönem, Der. Melda Yaman ve Saniye Dedeoğlu, İstanbul: Sosyal Araştırmalar Vakfı, ss.47-81.
  • Doğan, Buharı ve Mürsel Akyüz (2017). Female Labor force participation and economic growth in the framework of Kuznets curve: Evidence from Turkey. Review of Economic and Business Studies, 10(1), ss.33-54.
  • Folasade, Popoola Bukola and Ayoola Joshua Olarewaju (2019). A Comparative Analysis of the Relationship Between Female Labour Participation and Economic Growth: A Case Study of Nigeria and Ghana. Journal of Academic Research in Economics. 11(3): 705-724.
  • Goldin, Claudia and Kenneth Sokoloff (1982). Women, Children, and Industrialization in the Early Republic: Evidence from the Manufacturing Censuses. The Journal of Economic History, Dec., 1982, Vol. 42, No. 4 (Dec., 1982), ss. 741-774.
  • Gujarati, Damodar (2016). Örneklerle Uygulamalı Ekonometri. Çev. Nasip Bolatoğlu, İkinci Edisyondan Çeviri, Ankara: BB101.
  • Klasen, Stephan and Francesca Lamanna (2009). The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education and Employment on Economic Growth: New Evidence for a Panel of Countries. Feminist Economics. 15(3): 91-132, DOI: 10.1080/13545700902893106.
  • Lechman, Ewa and Harleen Kaur (2015). Economic Growth and Female Labor Force Participation – Verifying the U-Feminization Hypothesis. New Evidence for 162 Countries Over the Period 1990-2012. Economics and Sociology, ss.1-13.
  • Mujahid, Nooreen and Naeem uz Zafar (2012). Economic Growth-Female Labour Force Participation Nexus: An Empirical Evidence for Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, Winter 2012, 51 (4): 565-586. Ogaki, Masao (1993). Unit Roots in Macroeconometrics: A Survey. BOJ Monetary and Economic Studies. 11(2), ss.131-154.
  • Park, Kyung Ae (1995). Women Workers in South Korea The Impact of Export-Led Industrialization, Asian Survey, 35(8), August 1995, pp. 740-756.
  • Pervaiz, Zahid, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Sajjad Ahmad Jan ve Amatul R. Chaudhary (2011). Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: A Time Series Analysis for Pakistan, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 10 (4), 434-439.
  • Rau, William ve Robert Wazienski (1999). Industrialization, Female Labor Force Participation, and the Modern Division of Labor by Sex. Industrial Relations, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp.504-521.
  • Rios, Palmira N. (1990). Export-Oriented Industrialization and the Demand for Female Labor: Puerto Rican Women in the Manufacturing Sector, 1952-1980. Gender and Society , Sep., 1990, Vol. 4, No. 3, Special Issue: Women and Development in the Third World (Sep., 1990), pp. 321-337.
  • Seguino, Stephanie (2000), “Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Analysis”, World Development, 28(7), ss. 1211-1230.
  • Suh, Moon-Gi (2017). Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in South Korea: Tracing out the U-shaped Curve by Economic Growth. Social Indıcator Research, 131: 255-269.
  • Toksöz, Gülay (2017). Neoliberal Piyasa, Özel ve Kamusal Patriarka Çıkmazında Kadın Emeği, içinde Türkiye’de Refah Devleti ve Kadın, Der. Saniye Dedeoğşu ve Adem Yavuz Elveren, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, ss.103-126.
  • Udoh, Elijah, Udoma Afangideh, and Elias A. Udeaja (2015). Fiscal decentralization, economic growth and human resource development in Nigeria: Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. CBN Journal of Applied Statistics 6 (1): 69-93.
  • Yaman, Melda (2016). “Türkiye’de Sanayi ve İstihdam Stratejileri Çerçevesinde Kadın İstihdamının Yönelimleri”. Kapitalizm, Ataerkillik ve Kadın Emeği, Neoliberal ve Muhafazakâr Dönem, Der. Melda Yaman ve Saniye Dedeoğlu, İstanbul: Sosyal Araştırmalar Vakfı, ss.11-46.
  • World Bank (2021). World Development Indicators. (Erişim: 15.09.2021), https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Işıl Demirtaş 0000-0002-7534-4911

Durmuş Çağrı Yıldırım 0000-0003-4168-2792

Seda Yıldırım 0000-0003-4367-6652

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 ICOMEP ÖZEL SAYISI

Kaynak Göster

APA Demirtaş, I., Yıldırım, D. Ç., & Yıldırım, S. (2021). Türkiye’de Sanayileşme ve Kadın Emeği İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi57-71. https://doi.org/10.54600/igdirsosbilder.991730