Descartes Felsefesinde Tanrı-Varlık İlişkisi

Yıl 2012, Sayı: 2, 31 - 48, 01.10.2012

İlyas Altuner

Öz

Tanrının varlığı ve Onun evren ve insan ile ilişkisi sorunu, felsefenin çok eski ve temel problemlerinden biri olarak görülür. Bir bilgi konusu olarak Tanrının varlığı ve O’nun mahiyeti, bu evrenin üzerinde aşkın bir varlıkla ilgili olduğu hâlde, insan, içinde bulunduğu fiziksel evrende Onun koyduğu yasaları bulabilir. Tanrı kavramı Descartes felsefesinin en girift noktalarından birini oluşturur. Aslına bakılırsa, felsefesini fizik temeller yani mekanik dünya görüşü üzerine kuran Descartes’ın, metafiziğine koşul olarak Tanrıyı koyması, Tanrı olmaksızın bir varlığın olamayacağı görüşünden kaynaklanır. Bu yazıda Descartes felsefesinde Tanrının insanla ve evrenle olan ilişkisini açıklamaya çalışacağız.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tanrı, varlık, insan, evren, mahiyet, özgür irade.

The Relation of God and Being in Descartes

Öz

Problem of the existence of God and His relation to the world and human being is seen as one of quite old and main problems of philosophy. Though the existence of God and His essence as a knowledge subject is related to a transcendent being over this universe, human being can find rules made by Him in physical world in which stands. The concept of God constitutes one of the most involved points of Descartes’ philosophy. In fact, for Descartes, who built his philosophy on physical bases or mechanical world, to place God as condition to his metaphysics originates from the conception that if God does not exist a being does not. In this paper, we will try to explain the relation of God and human and the world in Descartes’ philosophy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

God, being, human, universe, essence, free will.

Kaynakça

• Descartes, René, Oeuvres de Descartes, eds. Charles Adam & Paul Tannery, 12 tomes, Paris, Léopold Cerf, 1897-1913.
• Descartes, René, Rules for the Direction of the Mind, trans. John Cot- tingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philo- sophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
• Descartes, René, The World or Treatise on Light, trans. John Cot- tingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philo- sophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
• Descartes, René, Discourse on the Method, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Wri- tings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
• Descartes, René, Principles of Philosophy, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Wri- tings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
• Descartes, René, Comments on a Certain Broadsheet, trans. John Cot- tingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philo- sophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
• Descartes, René, Meditations on First Philosophy, trans. John Cot- tingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philo- sophical Writings of Descartes, vol. II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
• Descartes, René, Objections and Replies, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Wri- tings of Descartes, vol. II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
• Descartes, René, Letters, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Sto- othoff & Dugold Murdoch & Anthony Kenny, The Philosophi- cal Writings of Descartes, vol. III, Cambridge: Cambridge Uni- versity Press, 1991.
• Descartes, René, Conversation with Burman, trans. John Cotting- ham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch & Anthony Kenny, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. III, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.