BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Nijerya Federalizmi Nereye Gidiyor? Çatışma Yönetimi Aracı Olarak Federal Düzenlemeler

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 14, 399 - 418, 01.04.2018

Öz

Federalizm, pek çokları tarafından çeşitliliğin korunması ve özellikle çoğulcu toplumlarda çatışmaların yönetilmesi konularında bir çare olarak görülmektedir. Nijerya’daki federal sistemin çatışma yönetimi kapasitesi de federalizm literatüründe geniş bir şekilde çalışılmış ancak bu çalışmaların çoğu Nijerya federalizminin belirli bir çatışma yönetimi mekanizmasına odaklanmıştır. Bu çalışma, Nijeryalı karar vericilerin, ülkedeki mevcut çatışmaların çözülmesi yolunda birbiriyle bağlantılı üç federal çatışma yönetimi stratejisi benimsediğini iddia etmektedir. Devlet ve yerel yönetim sayısının artırılması, federal karakter prensibinin uygulanması ve gelir dağılımı sistemini revize etmek şeklinde sıralanabilecek birbirlerini tamamlayıcı nitelik taşıyan bu stratejiler, aynı zamanda birbirlerini sağlamlaştırmaktadır. Ancak, çalışma kapsamında da görüleceği üzere, Nijerya federalizminin kökenleri sömürgeci döneme dayanan ülkedeki bu mevcut çatışmaların üstesinden gelme konusunda birçok eksiği bulunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abdul Raufu Mustapha, “Institutionalizing Ethnic Representa- tion: How Effective is Affirmative Action in Nigeria?,”, Journal of International Development, 21, 2009, pp. 561-576.
  • Adenike A. Adedokun, “Local Government Tax Mobilization and Utilization in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects,” The Official Journal of Ibadan Polytechnic, 2004.
  • A.H.M. Kirk-Greene, “Ethnic Engineering and the ‘Federal Character’ of Nigeria: Boon of Contentment or Bone of Conten- tion?”, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 6 (4), 1983, pp. 457-474.
  • Augustine Ikelegbe, “Civil society, oil and conflict in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: ramifications of civil society for a re- gional resource struggle,” The Journal of Modern African Studies, (3), 2001, pp. 437 469.
  • Daniel Judah Elazar, Exploring Federalism, Tuscaloosa and Lon- don: University of Alabama Press, 1991.
  • Donald L. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict, Berkeley: Univer- sity of California Press, 1985.
  • Ebere Osieke, “Nigerian Federalism at the Crossroads”, Dia- logues on Legislative and Executive Governance in Federal Countries, eds. Raoul Blindenbacher and Abigail Ostien, Montreal: McGill- Queen’s University Press, 2006, pp. 22-25.
  • Eghosa E. Osaghae, “The Status of State Governments in Nige- ria’s Federalism,” Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 22 (3), 1992, pp. 181-200.
  • Emmanuel O. Ojo, “Federalism and the Search for National Integration in Nigeria”. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 3 (9), 2009, pp. 384-95.
  • Federal Character Commission (Establishment) Act, 1996, No. , http://www.placng.org/new/laws/F7.pdf, Accessed Date: 12.2014.
  • Fred Ekpe F. Ayokhai, “The Niger Delta Conflict and the Prac- tice of True Federalism in Nigeria: 1999-2009.” The Annual Na- tional Conference of NASHER on Leadership and Accountability in
  • Nigeria, University of Abuja: July 15-18, 2009.
  • Joseph C. Ebegbulem, “Federalism and the Politics of Resource Control in Nigeria: A Critical Analysis of the Niger Delta Cri- sis,” International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1 (12), , pp. 218-229. Henry E. Alapiki, 2005, “State Creation in Nigeria: Failed Ap- proaches to National Integration and Local Autonomy,” African
  • Studies Review, 48 (3), 2005, pp. 49-65.
  • H.O. Danmole and S.O. Aghalino, “The Military and Creation of States in Nigeria, 1967 – 1991”, Contemporary Issues in Nigeri- an Affairs, ed. H.O. Danmole, Ibadan: Sunad Publishers, 1995, pp. 16-23.
  • L. Adele Jinadu, “Federalism, the Consociational State and Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria,” Publius: The Journal of Federal- ism, 15 (2), 1985, pp. 71-100.
  • Ladipo Adamolekun, “Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria,” Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 21 (4), 1991, pp. 1-11.
  • Ladipo Adamolekun, John Erero and Basil Oshionebo. “Federal Character’ and Management of the Federal Civil Service and the Military,” Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 21 (4), 1991, pp. 88.
  • Martin Dent, “Nigeria: Federalism and Ethnic Rivalry,” Parlia- mentary Affairs, 53 (1), 2000, pp. 157-168.
  • M.L. Bello, “Federal Character as a Recipe for National Integra- tion: The Nigerian Paradox,” International Journal of Politics and Good Governance, 3 (3), 2012, pp. 1-17.
  • Rotimi Timothy Suberu, “Federalism and Nigeria’s Political Future: A Comment”, African Affairs, 87 (348), 1988, pp. 431-439.
  • Rotimi Timothy Suberu, “The Struggle for New States in Nige- ria, 1976-1990”, African Affairs, 90 (361), 1991, pp. 499-522.
  • Rotimi Timothy Suberu and Larry Diamond, “Institutional Design, Ethnic Conflict Management, and Democracy in Nige- ria”, The Architecture of Democracy: Constitutional Design, Conflict Management, and Democracy, ed. Andrew Reynolds, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 400-428.
  • Rufus T. Akinyele, “State Creation in Nigeria: The Willink Re- port in Retrospect,” African Studies Review, 39 (2), 1996, pp. 71
  • Samuel C. Ugoh and Wilfred I. Ukpere, “Policy of the federal character principle and conflict management in Nigerian feder- alism,” African Journal of Business Management, 6 (23), 2012, pp. 6780.
  • The 1960 Constitution of the Federation of Nigeria, http://www.worldstatesmen.org/nigeria_const1960.pdf, 05.2013.
  • The 1963 Constitution of the Federation of Nigeria, http://www.dawodu.com/const63.pdf, 05.2013. Accessed Date:
  • The 1979 Constitution of the Federation of Nigeria, http://www.dawodu.com/const79.pdf, 05.2013. Accessed Date:
  • The 1999 Constitution of the Federation of Nigeria, http://www.nigeria- law.org/ConstitutionOfTheFederalRepublicOfNigeria.htm, Accessed Date: 23.05.2013.
  • Theophilus Olatunde Odetola, “National Integration and the Creation of States in Nigeria”, Journal of Black Studies, 9 (2), 1978, pp. 181-193.
  • Wolf Linder, Swiss Democracy: Possible Solutions to Conflict in Multicultural Societies, Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

Whither Nigerian Federalism? Federal Arrangements as Conflict Management Devices

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 14, 399 - 418, 01.04.2018

Öz

Federalism is accepted by many as a panacea to accommodate diversity and manage conflicts especially in pluralistic societies. It is therefore not surprising that conflict management capacity of Nigerian federal system has been long studied within the federalism literature with most of those studies concentrating on a particular conflict management mechanism of Nigerian federalism. This study argues, amongst other things that, Nigerian policy-makers have adopted three inter-related federal conflict management strategies to deal with the intransigent ethno-religious and ethno-regional conflicts prevalent in Nigerian society. Being complementary in their nature, the strategies of proliferation of component units, application of federal character principle and revising revenue-allocation formulae along with its derivation principle mutually reinforced each other. However, this study will reveal that Nigerian federalism is flawed in dealing with those conflicts having their roots in the colonial era.

Kaynakça

  • Abdul Raufu Mustapha, “Institutionalizing Ethnic Representa- tion: How Effective is Affirmative Action in Nigeria?,”, Journal of International Development, 21, 2009, pp. 561-576.
  • Adenike A. Adedokun, “Local Government Tax Mobilization and Utilization in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects,” The Official Journal of Ibadan Polytechnic, 2004.
  • A.H.M. Kirk-Greene, “Ethnic Engineering and the ‘Federal Character’ of Nigeria: Boon of Contentment or Bone of Conten- tion?”, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 6 (4), 1983, pp. 457-474.
  • Augustine Ikelegbe, “Civil society, oil and conflict in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: ramifications of civil society for a re- gional resource struggle,” The Journal of Modern African Studies, (3), 2001, pp. 437 469.
  • Daniel Judah Elazar, Exploring Federalism, Tuscaloosa and Lon- don: University of Alabama Press, 1991.
  • Donald L. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict, Berkeley: Univer- sity of California Press, 1985.
  • Ebere Osieke, “Nigerian Federalism at the Crossroads”, Dia- logues on Legislative and Executive Governance in Federal Countries, eds. Raoul Blindenbacher and Abigail Ostien, Montreal: McGill- Queen’s University Press, 2006, pp. 22-25.
  • Eghosa E. Osaghae, “The Status of State Governments in Nige- ria’s Federalism,” Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 22 (3), 1992, pp. 181-200.
  • Emmanuel O. Ojo, “Federalism and the Search for National Integration in Nigeria”. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 3 (9), 2009, pp. 384-95.
  • Federal Character Commission (Establishment) Act, 1996, No. , http://www.placng.org/new/laws/F7.pdf, Accessed Date: 12.2014.
  • Fred Ekpe F. Ayokhai, “The Niger Delta Conflict and the Prac- tice of True Federalism in Nigeria: 1999-2009.” The Annual Na- tional Conference of NASHER on Leadership and Accountability in
  • Nigeria, University of Abuja: July 15-18, 2009.
  • Joseph C. Ebegbulem, “Federalism and the Politics of Resource Control in Nigeria: A Critical Analysis of the Niger Delta Cri- sis,” International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1 (12), , pp. 218-229. Henry E. Alapiki, 2005, “State Creation in Nigeria: Failed Ap- proaches to National Integration and Local Autonomy,” African
  • Studies Review, 48 (3), 2005, pp. 49-65.
  • H.O. Danmole and S.O. Aghalino, “The Military and Creation of States in Nigeria, 1967 – 1991”, Contemporary Issues in Nigeri- an Affairs, ed. H.O. Danmole, Ibadan: Sunad Publishers, 1995, pp. 16-23.
  • L. Adele Jinadu, “Federalism, the Consociational State and Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria,” Publius: The Journal of Federal- ism, 15 (2), 1985, pp. 71-100.
  • Ladipo Adamolekun, “Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria,” Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 21 (4), 1991, pp. 1-11.
  • Ladipo Adamolekun, John Erero and Basil Oshionebo. “Federal Character’ and Management of the Federal Civil Service and the Military,” Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 21 (4), 1991, pp. 88.
  • Martin Dent, “Nigeria: Federalism and Ethnic Rivalry,” Parlia- mentary Affairs, 53 (1), 2000, pp. 157-168.
  • M.L. Bello, “Federal Character as a Recipe for National Integra- tion: The Nigerian Paradox,” International Journal of Politics and Good Governance, 3 (3), 2012, pp. 1-17.
  • Rotimi Timothy Suberu, “Federalism and Nigeria’s Political Future: A Comment”, African Affairs, 87 (348), 1988, pp. 431-439.
  • Rotimi Timothy Suberu, “The Struggle for New States in Nige- ria, 1976-1990”, African Affairs, 90 (361), 1991, pp. 499-522.
  • Rotimi Timothy Suberu and Larry Diamond, “Institutional Design, Ethnic Conflict Management, and Democracy in Nige- ria”, The Architecture of Democracy: Constitutional Design, Conflict Management, and Democracy, ed. Andrew Reynolds, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 400-428.
  • Rufus T. Akinyele, “State Creation in Nigeria: The Willink Re- port in Retrospect,” African Studies Review, 39 (2), 1996, pp. 71
  • Samuel C. Ugoh and Wilfred I. Ukpere, “Policy of the federal character principle and conflict management in Nigerian feder- alism,” African Journal of Business Management, 6 (23), 2012, pp. 6780.
  • The 1960 Constitution of the Federation of Nigeria, http://www.worldstatesmen.org/nigeria_const1960.pdf, 05.2013.
  • The 1963 Constitution of the Federation of Nigeria, http://www.dawodu.com/const63.pdf, 05.2013. Accessed Date:
  • The 1979 Constitution of the Federation of Nigeria, http://www.dawodu.com/const79.pdf, 05.2013. Accessed Date:
  • The 1999 Constitution of the Federation of Nigeria, http://www.nigeria- law.org/ConstitutionOfTheFederalRepublicOfNigeria.htm, Accessed Date: 23.05.2013.
  • Theophilus Olatunde Odetola, “National Integration and the Creation of States in Nigeria”, Journal of Black Studies, 9 (2), 1978, pp. 181-193.
  • Wolf Linder, Swiss Democracy: Possible Solutions to Conflict in Multicultural Societies, Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Elem Eyrice Tepeciklioğlu Bu kişi benim

Prof. Dr. Nazif Mandacı Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Sayı: 14

Kaynak Göster

APA Tepeciklioğlu, E. E., & Mandacı, P. D. N. (2018). Whither Nigerian Federalism? Federal Arrangements as Conflict Management Devices. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(14), 399-418.