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COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Karbon Emisyonu Üzerine Bir Tartışma

Yıl 2020, Sayı: EK SAYI (2020), 269 - 292, 01.10.2020

Öz

21. yüzyılda etkilerinin yoğun olarak hissedilmeye başlandığı çevre sorunları, hava kirliliği ve küresel iklim değişikliğinin başlıca neden-leri arasında karbon emisyonu gelmektedir. Karbon emisyonun ve sera gazı salınımının artışının nedeni ise sanayileşme ve kentleşme kaynaklı etkenlerdir. Karbon emisyonundaki ve sera gazı salınımın-daki artışa bağlı olarak gelişen hava kirliliği ve küresel iklim deği-şikliği önemli halk sağlığı problemlerine yol açmaktadır. Sağlık ala-nına olan bu etkiler, uluslararası çevre anlaşmalarının ve zirvelerin düzenlenmesinde temel nedenler arasındadır. Covid-19 pandemi süreci başlarında özellikle Çin gibi kirletici sanayinin yoğun olduğu ülkelerde sanayi alanlarının birkaç ay üretimlerini durdurması bu ülkelerde karbon emisyonun azalması sonucu meteorolojik bulgular-la hava kalitesinin artmasına ilişkin veriler ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Covid-19 pandemi sürecinin karbon emisyonun azaltılması başta olmak üzere, çevre sorunları açısından nasıl etkileri olduğunu tartışmaktır. Bu araştırmada, güncel yayınlar üzerinden literatüre dayalı araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Literatür bulguları Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde bile ülkelerin hedeflenen karbon emis-yonu seviyelerini beklenen düzeyde azaltmadığını göstermektedir. Pandemi sürecinde karbon emisyonunun azalmasının doğaya ve hava kalitesine etkileri somut şekilde görülmüş olup, ülkelerin gelecek kararlarında bu bilgiyi dikkate almalarının sağlıklı bir gelecek için umut oluşturup oluşturmayacağı tartışma konusudur

Kaynakça

  • Apergis, N., Gupta, R., Lau, C. K. M., & Mukherjee, Z. (2018). US state-level carbon dioxide emissions: Does it affect health care expenditure?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 91, 521-530.
  • Bi, P. & Hansen, A. (2018). Carbon Emissions and Public He- alth: An Inverse Association? The Lancet Planetary He- alth, V.2, I.1, E8-E9.
  • Bostanci, S. H., & Albayrak, A. N. (2018). The Role of Eco- municipalities in Climate Change for a sustainable futu- re. In Climate Change and Environmental Concerns: Bre- akthroughs in Research and Practice (pp. 506-524). IGI Global.
  • CDP (2020). İklim Değişikliği ve Coronavirüs (Covid 19) İlişkisi, https://cdpturkey.sabanciuniv.edu/tr/content/iklim- coronavirus, Erişim tarihi: 06.06.2020.
  • Clean Air Act (Public Law 88-206) (1963). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE- 77/pdf/STATUTE-77-Pg392.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 08.06.2020.
  • Chaabouni, S. & Saidi, K. (2017). The dynamic links between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, health spending and GDP growth: A case study for 51 countries. Environmen- tal Research 158, 137–144.
  • Conference of the Parties List. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/climate- change/coplist, Erişim tarihi: 06.06.2020.
  • Çakmak Barsbay, M. (2019). Sağlık Sektöründe Düşük Karbon Ekonomı̇sı̇: Tezat mı, Mümkün mü? Verimlilik Dergisi, Vol.4, 113-134.
  • Davis, N. (2019). Indoor carbon dioxide levels could be a health hazard, scientists warn.
  • https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jul/ 08/indoor-carbon-dioxide-levels-could-be-a-health- hazard-scientists-warn, Erişim tarihi: 09.06.2020.
  • de Alcaniz, J. G. G., Romero-Lopez, J., Martinez, R. P., Lopez- Rodas, V., & Costas, E. (2020). What variables can better predict the number of infections and deaths worldwide by SARS-CoV-2? Variation through time. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.04. 20122176v1.full.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 10.06.2020.
  • DSÖ, COP24 Özel Raporunu Yayımladı: İklim Hedeflerinin Sağlık Faydaları, Maliyetlerinin Çok Üzerinde https://www.iklimhaber.org/dso-cop24-ozel-raporunu yayimladi-iklim-hedeflerinin-saglik-faydalari maliyetlerinin-cok-uzerinde/ Erişim tarihi: 10.06.2020.
  • Erdogan, S., Kirca, M., & Gedikli, A. (2020). Is There a Relati- onship between CO2 Emissions and Health Expenditu- res? Evidence from BRICS-T Countries. Business and Economics Research Journal, 11(2), 293-305.
  • Garbaccio, R.F., Ho, M.S. & Jorgenson, D.W. (2000). The Health Benefits of Controlling Carbon Emissions in China. http://www.oecd.org/environment/cc/2053233.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 10.06.2020.
  • Holmner, A., Ebi, K.L., Lazuardi, L. & Nilsson, M. (2014). Car- bon Footprint of Telemedicine Solutions - Unexplored Opportunity for Reducing Carbon Emissions in the He- alth Sector. Plos One, Volume 9, Issue 9, 1-10.
  • Kahraman, G. (2019). Türkiye’de Kentleşmenin Enerji Tüketimi ve Karbon Salınımı Üzerine Etkisi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(3), 1559-1566.
  • Karakaya, E. (2020). Covid-19 Krizinin Ekonomi, Enerji ve Emisyonlara Etkileri: Mevcut Durum ve Olası Post- Corona Senaryoları. https://www.iklimhaber.org/covid- 19-krizinin-ekonomi-enerji-ve-emisyonlara-etkileri- mevcut-durum-ve-olasi-post-corona-senaryolari/, Eri- şim tarihi: 09.06.2020.
  • McCloskey, B., & Heymann, D. L. (2020). SARS to novel coro- navirus–old lessons and new lessons. Epidemiology & Infection, 148.
  • Muhammad, S., Long, X., & Salman, M. (2020). COVID-19 pan- demic and environmental pollution: A blessing in disgui- se? Science of the Total Environment, 138820.
  • Newburger, E., (2020). Coronavirus Could Weaken Climate Change Action and Hit Clean Energy Investment, Rese- arches Warn, https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/13/coronavirus-could- weaken-climate-change-action-hit-clean-energy.html, Erişim tarihi: 09.06.2020.
  • Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosi- fidis, C., Agha, M. & Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic: a review. International Journal of Surgery.
  • Perçin, D. (2017). Paris Zirvesi’nden Bonn Zirvesi’ne Küresel İklim Zirveleri, http://jusgentiumint.org/wp content/uploads/2017/06/bonn-zirvesi.pdf Erişim tari- hi: 09.06.2020.
  • Saadat, S., Rawtani, D., & Hussain, C. M. (2020). Environmental perspective of COVID-19. Science of The Total Environ- ment, 138870.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1997). The Benfits and Costs of the Clean Air Act, 1970 to 1999. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/201506/d ocuments/contsetc.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 09.06.2020.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act 1990-2020, the Second Prospective Study. https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act overview/benefits-and-costs-clean-air-act-1990-2020 second-prospective-study Erişim tarihi: 17.09.2020.
  • Van Bavel, J. J., et.al. (2020). Using social and behavioural scien- ce to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 1-12.
  • Wang, Z., Asghar, M. M., Zaidi, S. A. H., & Wang, B. (2019). Dynamic linkages among CO 2 emissions, health expen- ditures, and economic growth: empirical evidence from Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15285-15299.
  • Wu, Y. C., Chen, C. S., & Chan, Y. J. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, 83(3), 217.
  • Zambrano-Monserrate, M. A., Ruano, M. A., & Sanchez- Alcalde, L. (2020). Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment. Science of the Total Environment, 138813

A Discussion on Carbon Emission in the COVID19 Pandemic Process

Yıl 2020, Sayı: EK SAYI (2020), 269 - 292, 01.10.2020

Öz

Carbon emissions are among the main causes of environmental prob-lems, air pollution and global climate change that are beginning to be felt intensely in the 21st century. The causes of the increase of car-bon and greenhouse gas emission are the factors originating from industrialization and urbanization. Air pollution and global climate change, which develop due to the increase in carbon emissions and greenhouse gas emissions, are also considered as some important public health problems. These effects on health are among the main reasons for the regulation of international environmental agreements and summits. In the early process of Covid-19 pandemics, especially in countries with a high pollutant industry such as industrial areas of China to stop production for a few months caused reducing carbon emissions in these countries and the meteorological findings have revealed data on the increase of air quality. The aim of this study is to discuss how the Covid-19 pandemic process affects environmental problems, particularly in reducing carbon emissions. In this study, a literature-based research method has been used over current publica-tions. Literature findings show that even during the Covid-19 pan-demic, countries are not able to reduce targeted carbon emission levels to the expected level. Nevertheless, in the pandemic process, the positive effects of the reduction of carbon emission on the nature and air quality were concretely seen. Countries' considering this information in their future decisions whether it will create hope for a healthy future or not is a matter of debate.

Kaynakça

  • Apergis, N., Gupta, R., Lau, C. K. M., & Mukherjee, Z. (2018). US state-level carbon dioxide emissions: Does it affect health care expenditure?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 91, 521-530.
  • Bi, P. & Hansen, A. (2018). Carbon Emissions and Public He- alth: An Inverse Association? The Lancet Planetary He- alth, V.2, I.1, E8-E9.
  • Bostanci, S. H., & Albayrak, A. N. (2018). The Role of Eco- municipalities in Climate Change for a sustainable futu- re. In Climate Change and Environmental Concerns: Bre- akthroughs in Research and Practice (pp. 506-524). IGI Global.
  • CDP (2020). İklim Değişikliği ve Coronavirüs (Covid 19) İlişkisi, https://cdpturkey.sabanciuniv.edu/tr/content/iklim- coronavirus, Erişim tarihi: 06.06.2020.
  • Clean Air Act (Public Law 88-206) (1963). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE- 77/pdf/STATUTE-77-Pg392.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 08.06.2020.
  • Chaabouni, S. & Saidi, K. (2017). The dynamic links between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, health spending and GDP growth: A case study for 51 countries. Environmen- tal Research 158, 137–144.
  • Conference of the Parties List. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/climate- change/coplist, Erişim tarihi: 06.06.2020.
  • Çakmak Barsbay, M. (2019). Sağlık Sektöründe Düşük Karbon Ekonomı̇sı̇: Tezat mı, Mümkün mü? Verimlilik Dergisi, Vol.4, 113-134.
  • Davis, N. (2019). Indoor carbon dioxide levels could be a health hazard, scientists warn.
  • https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jul/ 08/indoor-carbon-dioxide-levels-could-be-a-health- hazard-scientists-warn, Erişim tarihi: 09.06.2020.
  • de Alcaniz, J. G. G., Romero-Lopez, J., Martinez, R. P., Lopez- Rodas, V., & Costas, E. (2020). What variables can better predict the number of infections and deaths worldwide by SARS-CoV-2? Variation through time. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.04. 20122176v1.full.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 10.06.2020.
  • DSÖ, COP24 Özel Raporunu Yayımladı: İklim Hedeflerinin Sağlık Faydaları, Maliyetlerinin Çok Üzerinde https://www.iklimhaber.org/dso-cop24-ozel-raporunu yayimladi-iklim-hedeflerinin-saglik-faydalari maliyetlerinin-cok-uzerinde/ Erişim tarihi: 10.06.2020.
  • Erdogan, S., Kirca, M., & Gedikli, A. (2020). Is There a Relati- onship between CO2 Emissions and Health Expenditu- res? Evidence from BRICS-T Countries. Business and Economics Research Journal, 11(2), 293-305.
  • Garbaccio, R.F., Ho, M.S. & Jorgenson, D.W. (2000). The Health Benefits of Controlling Carbon Emissions in China. http://www.oecd.org/environment/cc/2053233.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 10.06.2020.
  • Holmner, A., Ebi, K.L., Lazuardi, L. & Nilsson, M. (2014). Car- bon Footprint of Telemedicine Solutions - Unexplored Opportunity for Reducing Carbon Emissions in the He- alth Sector. Plos One, Volume 9, Issue 9, 1-10.
  • Kahraman, G. (2019). Türkiye’de Kentleşmenin Enerji Tüketimi ve Karbon Salınımı Üzerine Etkisi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(3), 1559-1566.
  • Karakaya, E. (2020). Covid-19 Krizinin Ekonomi, Enerji ve Emisyonlara Etkileri: Mevcut Durum ve Olası Post- Corona Senaryoları. https://www.iklimhaber.org/covid- 19-krizinin-ekonomi-enerji-ve-emisyonlara-etkileri- mevcut-durum-ve-olasi-post-corona-senaryolari/, Eri- şim tarihi: 09.06.2020.
  • McCloskey, B., & Heymann, D. L. (2020). SARS to novel coro- navirus–old lessons and new lessons. Epidemiology & Infection, 148.
  • Muhammad, S., Long, X., & Salman, M. (2020). COVID-19 pan- demic and environmental pollution: A blessing in disgui- se? Science of the Total Environment, 138820.
  • Newburger, E., (2020). Coronavirus Could Weaken Climate Change Action and Hit Clean Energy Investment, Rese- arches Warn, https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/13/coronavirus-could- weaken-climate-change-action-hit-clean-energy.html, Erişim tarihi: 09.06.2020.
  • Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosi- fidis, C., Agha, M. & Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic: a review. International Journal of Surgery.
  • Perçin, D. (2017). Paris Zirvesi’nden Bonn Zirvesi’ne Küresel İklim Zirveleri, http://jusgentiumint.org/wp content/uploads/2017/06/bonn-zirvesi.pdf Erişim tari- hi: 09.06.2020.
  • Saadat, S., Rawtani, D., & Hussain, C. M. (2020). Environmental perspective of COVID-19. Science of The Total Environ- ment, 138870.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1997). The Benfits and Costs of the Clean Air Act, 1970 to 1999. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/201506/d ocuments/contsetc.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 09.06.2020.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act 1990-2020, the Second Prospective Study. https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act overview/benefits-and-costs-clean-air-act-1990-2020 second-prospective-study Erişim tarihi: 17.09.2020.
  • Van Bavel, J. J., et.al. (2020). Using social and behavioural scien- ce to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 1-12.
  • Wang, Z., Asghar, M. M., Zaidi, S. A. H., & Wang, B. (2019). Dynamic linkages among CO 2 emissions, health expen- ditures, and economic growth: empirical evidence from Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15285-15299.
  • Wu, Y. C., Chen, C. S., & Chan, Y. J. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, 83(3), 217.
  • Zambrano-Monserrate, M. A., Ruano, M. A., & Sanchez- Alcalde, L. (2020). Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment. Science of the Total Environment, 138813
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Oya Sancar Bu kişi benim

Seda H. Bostancı

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: EK SAYI (2020)

Kaynak Göster

APA Sancar, O., & Bostancı, S. H. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Karbon Emisyonu Üzerine Bir Tartışma. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(EK SAYI (2020), 269-292.