Relationship Between Logistics Performance, Trade Volume and Economic Growth

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 38, 230 - 252, 20.01.2025

Zeynep Özgüner , Zeynep Köse

https://doi.org/10.54600/igdirsosbilder.1544957

Öz

Logistics performance can significantly impact competitiveness, cost reduction, service quality improvement, trade volume expansion, and economic growth. To enhance profitability and secure a competitive edge, companies should focus on high-quality, efficient logistics and invest in transport, communication, and storage infrastructure. This study aims to explore the connection between logistics performance, trade volume, and economic growth. Data for this analysis were sourced from official World Bank and OECD databases and evaluated using the Integrated Entropy-TOPSIS MCDS method. The findings reveal that the Netherlands leads in logistics performance, trade volume, and economic growth, while Japan exhibits the lowest performance in these areas.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Logistics performance, Trade volume, Economic growth, Entropy, TOPSIS

Lojistik Performans, Ticaret Hacmi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki

Öz

Lojistik performansının rekabet gücü kazanarak maliyetleri düşürmesi, hizmet kalitesini iyileştirmesi, ticaret hacmini ve ekonomik büyümeyi artırması mümkündür. Şirket kârlılığı artırmak, rekabet avantajı elde etmek için yüksek kaliteli ve verimli lojistiğe öncelik vermeli, ulaştırma, iletişim ve depolamaya yatırım yapmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, lojistik performansı, ticaret hacmi ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmektir. Çalışmada kullanılan değişkenlere ilişkin veriler Dünya Bankası ve OECD'nin resmi veri tabanlarından derlenmiş ve Entegre Entropi-TOPSIS MCDS yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Buna göre, Hollanda'nın en yüksek lojistik performans, ticaret hacmi ve ekonomik büyüme performansına sahip ülke olduğu ve Japonya'nın ise en düşük performansa sahip ülke olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lojistik performans, Ticaret hacmi, Ekonomik büyüme, Entropi, TOPSIS

Kaynakça

• Abbas, H., Zhao, L. Gong, Xi. & Faiz, N. (2023). The perishable products case to achieve sustainable food quality and safety goals implementing on-field sustainable supply chain model. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 87, 101562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2023.101562
• Abbas, H., Zhao, L., Gong, X., Jiang, M. & Faiz, N. (2022). Environmental effects on perishable product quality and trading under OBOR supply chain different route scenarios. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 68016–68034, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20486-6
• Aigigner, K. (1998). A framework for evaluating the dynamic competitiveness of countries. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 9(2), 159–188.
• Akdogan, M.S. & Durak, A. (2017). The impact of relationship marketing orientations of logistics companies on logistics and marketing performance. International Journal of Social Research, 10 (50), 621-633.
• Altıntaş, F. F. (2022). G7 Ülkelerinin Lojistik Etkinlik ve Verimlilik Performanslarının Değerlendirilmesi. (1), 78-93. Journal of Productivity, https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.734258
• Amendolagine, V., Presbitero, A., Rabellotti, R., & Sanfilippo, M. (2019). Local sourcing in Developing countries: The role of foreign direct investments and global value chains. World Development, 113(C), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.08.010
• Araz, O.M., Choi, T.M., Olson, D.L. ve Salman, F.S. (2020). Data Analytics for Operational Risk Management. Decision Sciences. Online at 05 May 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/deci.12443
• Arvis, J., Mustra, M., Ojala, L., Shepherd, B., & Saslavsky, D. (2010). Connecting to compete: Trade logistics in the global economy, World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/24599
• Arvis, J., Mustra, M., Panzer, J., Ojala, L., & Naula, T. (2007). Connecting to compete: Trade logistics in the global economy, World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/24600
• Arvis, J.F., Saslavsky, D., Ojala, L., Shepherd, B., Busch, C. & Raj, A. (2014). Connecting to compete 2014 trade logistics in the global economy the logistics performance ındex and ıts ındicators. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/the World Bank, Washington, DC. http://hdl.handle.net/11146/165
• Ateş, İ. ve Işık, E. (2010). Türkiye’de lojistik hizmetlerinin gelişiminin ihracattaki büyümeye etkileri. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, 2 (1), 99-106.
• Awokuse, T. O. (2008), Trade Openness and Economic Growth: Is Growth Export-Led or Import-Led?, Applied Economics, 40,161–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840600749490
• Ayçin, E. & Aşan, H. (2018). BIST’te işlem gören bilişim sektöründeki firmaların finansal performanslarının entropi ve TOPSIS yöntemleri ile değerlendirilmesi. İzmir Uluslararası İktisadi İdari Bilimler Kongresi, (1-20).
• Baldvin, R. ve di Mauro, B.W. (2020). Introduction. In R. Baldwin, R. & B.W. di Mauro (Eds) Economics in the Time of COVID-19. 59-73. CEPR Press, UK, 2020. ISBN: 978-1-912179- 28-2. Barribal
• Bozkurt, E., Efeoğlu, R. & Sevinç, H. (2017). Türkiye ve Avrasya ekonomilerinde taşımacılık sektörünün ekonomik büyümeye etkisi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11, 173-187.
• Bozma, G., Başar, S. İ., & Aydin, S. (2017). Lojistik Performansinin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi. The International New Issues in Social Sciences, 5(5), 401-414.
• Burmaoğlu, S. (2012). Ulusal inovasyon göstergeleri ile ulusal lojistik performansı arasındaki ilişki: AB ülkeleri üzerine bir araştırma. Ege Akademik Bakış, 12 (2), 193-208.
• Bwalya, S. M. (2006). Foreign direct investment and technology spillovers: Evidence from panel data analysis of manufacturing firms in Zambia. Journal of Development Economics, 81(2), 514–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.06.011
• Çeviker, A. & Taş, İ. (2011). Türkiye’de ihracat çeşitlendirmesi ve büyüme ilişkisi. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, 3 (2), 1-10.
• Cheng, S.P. & Q.Y. Peng (2006), Empirical Analysis on the Effects of Anhui Logistics Industry on Economic Growth, Jiaotong Standardization, 2, 186-189.
• Chenneveau, D., Eloot, K., Kuentz, J.F. ve Lehnich, M. (2020a). Coronavirus and technology supply chains: How to restart and rebuild. Retrieved from McKinsey & Company, March 2020. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/coronavirus-andtechnology-supply-chains-how-to-restart-and-rebuild
• Chu Z (2012) Logistics and economic growth: a panel data approach. The Annals of Regional Science, 49(1):87–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-010-0434-0
• Coto-Millán, P., Agüeros M., Casares-Hontañón P., & Pesquera, MÁ. (2013) Impact of logistics performance on world economic growth (2007–2012). World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research, 4(4):300–310. https://doi.org/10.1504/WRITR.2013.059857
• D’aleo, V. (2015). The mediator role of logistic performance index: a comparative study. Journal Of International Trade, Logistics and Law, 1(1), 1-7.
• Demir, M. H. (2013). Çağdaş lojistik uygulamaları. Anadolu Üniversitesi, AÖF Yayınları, Eskişehir, 1-31.
• Developed Economy Definition.Investopedia (2010-04-16). Retrieved February 12, 2017. From https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/developed-economy.asp
• Devlin, J., & Yee, P. (2005). Trade logistics in developing countries: The case of the Middle East and North Africa. The World Economy, 28, 435–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00620.x
• Donat, İ. (2020, Haziran 8). Erişim adresi https://businessht.bloomberght.com/piyasalar/haber/1072193-tarimda-hollanda-mucizesi
• Drucker, P. (2002). Managing in the next societ. St. Martin Press, New York.
• Dupaľ A., Richnák P., Szabo Ľ., Porubanová K. (2019): Modern trends in logistics of agricultural enterprises. Agricultural Economics – Czech, 65: 359–365. https://doi.org/10.17221/367/2018-AGRICECON
• Emirkadı, Ö. & Balcı, H. (2018). Lojistik sektörü ve Türkiye dış ticaretine etkileri. Journal of Institute of Economic Development and Social Studies, 4 (8), 123-132. https://doi.org/10.31623/iksad.47
• Erkan, B. (2014a). Türkiye’de lojistik sektörü ve rekabet gücü. Assam Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi,1, 44-65.
• Erkan, B. (2014b). The importance and determinants of logistics performance of selected countries. Journal of emerging issues in economics, finance and banking (JEIEFB) an online International monthly journal, 3(6), 1237-1254.
• Gani, A. (2017). The Logistics Performance Effect in International Trade, The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 33/4, 279-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsl.2017.12.012
• Globenewsire. https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2023/02/24/2615323/0/en/Logistics-Market-Size-to-Attain-Around-USD-18-23-Trillion-by-2032.html#:~:text=As%20per%20Precedence%20Research%2C%20the,5.48%25%20from%202023%20to%202032.&text=Ottawa%2C%20Feb.,USD%2010.68%20trillion%20in%202022.
• Gök Kısa, A. C. & Ayçin, E. (2019). OECD ülkelerinin lojistik performanslarının swara tabanlı edas yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9 (1), 301-325. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.500320
• Güngör, Ş., Dursun, E. & Karaoğlan, A. (2019). Lojistik faaliyetlerin Akdeniz ülke ekonomileri ile ilişkisi. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6 (2), 2148-3876. https://doi.org/10.26650/JEPR578094
• Haberler. G. (1933) The Theory of International Trade: with applications to commercial policy. 1936 translation, New York: Macmillan
• Halaszovich, T. F., & Kinra, A. (2020). The Impact of Distance, National Transportation Systems and Logistics Performance on FDI and International Trade Patterns: Results from Asian Global Value Chains. Transport Policy, 98, 35-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.09.003
• Hausman, W. H., Lee, H. L. & Subramanian, U. (2013). “The Impact of Logistics Performance on Trade”, Production and Operations Management, 22/2, 236-252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-5956.2011.01312.x
• Hayaloglu, P. (2015), “The Impact of Developments in the Logistics Sector on Economic Development: The Case of OECD Countries,” International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(2), 523-530
• Helling A, Poister TH (2000) US maritime ports: trends, policy implications, and research needs. Economic Development Quarterly, 14(3), 300–317. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124240001400309
• Host, A., Skender, H. P. & Zaninović, P. A. (2019). Trade Logistics–The Gravity Model Approach, Zbornik Radova Ekonomski Fakultet u Rijeka, 37/1, 327-342. https://doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2019.1.327
• Hu, K., Gan, X.Q., Gao, K. (2012), Co-integration Model of Logistics Infrastructure Investment and Regional Economic Growth in Central China. Physics
• Ing, Global transport and logistics outlook: normalisation in a different World https://www.ing.com/Newsroom/News/Global-transport-and-logistics-outlook-normalisation-in-a-different-world.htm
• Isard. W. & Peck. M.J. (1954). Location Theory and International and Interregional Trade Theory. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 68(1). 97-114. https://doi.org/10.2307/1881920
• Ivanov, D. (2020). Predicting the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on global supply chains: A simulation-based analysis on the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) case. Transportation Research Part E, 136, 101922 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.101922
• Ivanov, D. (2021). Exiting the COVID-19 pandemic: After-shock risks and avoidance of disruption tails in supply chains. Annals of Operations Research, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-021-04047-7
• Jhawar, A., Garg, S. K., & Khera, S. N.(2017). Improving logistics performance through investments and policy intervention: A causal loop model. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 20(3), 363–391. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPQM.2017.082638
• Jones. R.W. (1977). Two-Ness" in Trade Theory: Costs and Benefıts. Specıal Papers in Internatıonal Economıcs No. 12. https://ies.princeton.edu/pdf/SP12.pdf
• Karaca, Z. (2023). Evaluation of the Investment Environment of Provinces with Entropy-TOPSIS Method, Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Social Sciences, 10 (2), 571-581. https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.1066479
• Karakaş, A. (2014). OECD ve OECD dışı ülkelerde elektrik tüketimi, nüfus ve gelir ilişkisi: 1990-2011 dönemi için bir panel veri analizi. Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish Or Turkic, 9(2), 845-853.
• Karaköy, Ç. & Üre, S. (2019). Yüksek ve orta gelirli ülkelerde büyüme ve lojistik performans endeksi arasındaki ilişki. Al -Farabi 4. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, Kongre Özet Kitabı, (575-580).
• Karami, A., & Johansson, R. (2014). Utilization of multi attribute decision making techniques to ıntegrate automatic and manual ranking of options. Journal of Information Science and Engineering. 30(2), 519-534.
• Kevin, X. Li, Mengjie Jin, Guanqiu Qi, Wenming Shi & Adolf K. Y. Ng. (2018). Logistics as a driving force for development under the Belt and Road Initiative – the Chinese model for developing countries, Transport Reviews, 38(4), 457-478. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2017.1365276
• Kibritçioğlu, A. (1998). “Iktisadi Büyümenin Belirleyicileri ve Yeni Büyüme Modelerinde Beseri Sermayenin Rolü”, 53(1-4), 207-230.
• Kilpatrick, J. ve Barter, L. (2020). COVID-19 Managing supply chain risk and disruption. Retrieved from Deloitte. https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/risk/articles/covid-19-managingsupply-chain-risk-and-disruption.html
• Kim, J. & Lu, Y. (2019). Information communication technology and global logistic performance, ıct and global logistic performance. Twenty-Fifth Americas Conference on Information Systems, Cancun.
• Korinek, J., & Sourdin, P. (2011). To what extent are high-quality logistics services trade facilitating? OECD Trade Policy Working Paper No. 108. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/18166873
• KPMG, (2019). Taşımacılık Sektörel Bakış. Erişim adresi https://Assets.Kpmg/Content/Dam/Kpmg/Tr/Pdf/2019/05/Sektorel-Bakis-2019-Tasimacilik.Pdf
• Küçük, B. (2013). Türkiye’de bölgesel kalkınma ile lojistik performans düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. (Doktora Tezi, Maltepe Üniversitesi, İstanbul). Erişim adresi https://openaccess.maltepe.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12415/2715/10014723.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
• Kunaka, C., Mustra, M., & Saez, S. (2013). Trade dimensions of logistics services: A proposal for trade agreements. The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/12155
• La, K. W. & Song, J. G. (2019). An Empirical Study on the Effects of Export Promotion on Korea-China-Japan Using Logistics Performance Index (LPI), Journal of Korea Trade, 23(7), 96-112. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3533633
• Lagneaux, F. (2008). Economic ımportance of Belgian transport logistics. National Bank of Belgium Working Paper Series, 125.
• Lakshmanan, T. (2007). The wider economic benefits of transportation: An overview. International transport forum, OECD [Discussion Paper]. https://doi.org/10.1787/20708270
• Le, D.N. (2022), "Export, Logistics Performance, and Regional Economic Integration: Sectoral and Sub-Sectoral Evidence from Vietnam", Journal of International Logistics and Trade, 20(1), 37-56. https://doi.org/10.24006/jilt.2022.20.1.037
• Lean, HH., Huang W. & Hong J (2014) Logistics and economic development: experience from China. Transport Policy, 32, 96– 104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2014.01.003
• Lee S, & Lee C (2002). E-company ceo websites: contents and information value. Management Decision, 40 (2), 158–167. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740210422839
• Lee, S. M., Ribeiro, D., Olson, D. L. & Roig, S. (2007). The importance of the activities of service business in the economy: welcome to the service business. An International Journal Service Business, 1, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-006-0007-6
• Liang, R. & Liu, Z. (2020). Port Infrastructure Connectivity, Logistics Performance and Seaborne Trade on Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis on “21st-Century Maritime Silk Road”, Journal of Coastal Research, 106(SI), 319-324. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48639610
• Limao N, Venables AJ (2001) Infrastructure, geographical disadvantage, transport costs, and trade. World Bank Econ Review 15(3), 451–479. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/15.3.451
• Liping, Z. & Xubiao, Y. (2011). “Study on the Relationship between Shanghai Air Logistics And İnternational Trade”, Journal of System and Management Sciences, 1(2), 68-75.
• Liu, N., Chen, Y., & Zhou, Q. (2007). Spatial spillover effects of transport infrastructure on regional economic growth. Journal of Southeast University (English Edition), 23, 33-39.
• Lun YV, Carlton J, & Bichou K (2016) Examining the economic impact of transport complex economies. J Shipping Trade 1(1):1–17
• Luttermann, S., Kotzab, H. & Halaszovich, T. (2020). “The Impact of Logistics Performance on Exports, Imports and Foreign Direct Investment”, World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research, 9/1, 27-46
• Luttermann, S., Kotzab, H., & Halaszovich, T. (2017, June). The impact of logistics on international trade and investment flows. In The 29th NOFOMA conference taking on grand challenges. Lund University: NOFOMA
• Lyu, L. & Jing, Z. (2015). The Impact of Modern International Logistics Development on International Trade in Tianjin. Management & Engineering, 21, 73–77. https://doi.org/10.5503/J.ME.2015.21.012
• Ma, W., Cao, X. & Li, J. (2021). Impact of logistics development level on international trade in China: A provincial analysis. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042107
• Marti, L., Martín, J. C. & Puertas, R. (2017). A dea-logistics performance ındex. Journal of Applied Economics, 20 (1), 169-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1514-0326(17)30008-9
• Marti, L., Puertas R. & Garcia, L. (2014). The Importance of The Logistics Performance Index in International Trade, Applied Economics, 46(24), 2982-2992. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.916394
• Medina-Smith, E. J. (2001). Is The Export-Led Growth Hypothesis Valid For Developing Countries? A Case Study Of Costa Rica. Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series, No. 7
• Melo, P., Graham, D., & Brage-Ardao, R. (2013). The productivity of transport infrastructure investment: A meta-analysis of empirical evidence. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 43(5), 695–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2013.05.002
• Navickas, V., Sujeta, L. & Vojtovich, S. (2011). Logistics Systems as a Factor of Country’s Competitiveness. Ekonomika ir vadyba. 16: 231-237
• OECD/WTO. (2013). Aid for Trade and Value Chains in Transport and Logistics. Alınan yer https://www.oecd.org/dac/aft/AidforTrade_SectorStudy_Transport.pdf
• Ofluoğlu, N. Ö., Kalaycı, C., Artan, S. & Bal, H. Ç. (2018). Lojistik performansındaki gelişmelerin uluslararası ticaret üzerindeki etkileri: AB ve Mena ülkeleri örneği. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9 (24), 92-103.
• Oğuz, S., Alkan, G. & Yılmaz, C. (2019). Seçilmiş Asya ülkelerinin lojistik performanslarının topsis yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Özel Sayı, 497-507. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.613421
• Ojala, L. & Çelebi, D. (2015). The World Bank’s logistics performance index (lPI) and drivers of logistics performance. International Transport Forum, 1-30.
• Ozaydın O, Ülengin F. 2020. Impacts of COVID-19 on the transport sector and measures as well as recommendations of policies and future research: A Report on Turkey. SSRN, (in press). DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3686628
• Özbek, H.E. and Oğuz, S. (2024). Environmentally Friendly Supplier Selection for Reusable Masks: An Application with Entropy Based TOPSIS Method, Alanya Journal of Academic Review, 8(2), 563-575. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1406618
• Özdağoğlu, A., Ulutaş, A. & Keleş, M. K. (2022). Lojistik Değerlendirme Ölçütlerine Göre Ülke Sıralamaları: Farklı Yöntemlerin Sıralama Üzerindeki Etkisi, Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty (MAKU IIBFD), 9 (1), 512-541. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.913369
• Pekmezci, M. & Mutlu, H. M. (2018). Türkiye'yi konu alan "lojistik performans indeksi" çalışmalarına yönelik bibliyometrik bir analiz. IV. International Caucasus-Central Asia Foreign Trade and Logistics Congress, Aydın.
• Perkins, P., Fedderke, J., & Luiz, J. (2005). An analysis of economic infrastructure investment in SouthAfrica.South African Journal of Economics, 73(2), 211–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2005.00014.x
• Puertas, R., Martí, L. & García, L. (2014). Logistics Performance and Export Competitiveness: European Experience, Empirica, 41, 467-480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-013-9241-z
• Queiroz, M.M., Ivanov, D., Dolgui, A. ve Wamba, S.F. (2020). Impacts of epidemic outbreaks on supply chains: mapping a research agenda amid the COVID-19 pandemic through a structured literature review. Annals of Operations Research, Published online at 16 June 2020, DOI 10.1007/s10479-020-03685-7
• Ram, R. (1987). Exports and economic growth in developing countries: evidence from time-series and cross-section data. Economic development and cultural change, 36(1), 51-72. https://doi.org/10.1086/451636
• Rodrigue, J-P., & Notteboom, T. (2017). Transportation, economy and society. In J.-P. Rodrigue, C. Comtois, & B. Slack (Eds.), The geography of transport systems (pp. 94–126). New York: Routledge
• Romer, P. M. (1994). The Origins of Endogenous Growth. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(1), 3–22. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2138148
• Satır, H. (2024). Financial Performance Evaluation of Successful Businesses Operating in BIST IT Sector with Cash Flow Profile 2: Application with Entropy-TOPSIS Method, Hitit Journal of Social Sciences, 17 (2), 152-165. https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsbd.1442347
• Sénquiz-Díaz, C. (2021). Transport infrastructure quality and logistics performance in exports. Economics-Innovative and Economics Research Journal, 9(1), 107-124. https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2021-0008
• Shi, W., Bang, H., & Li, X. (2016). A cross-region analysis of the output elasticity of transport investmentin China.Maritime Policy and Management, 43(2), 222–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2015.1129673
• Shikur.Z.H. (2022). Logıstıcs Performance, Export, Agrıcultural, Manufacturıng and Aggregate Economıc Growth: A Focus On Sectoral Perspectıves. Journal Of Economıc Development. 47 (3).
• Şimşek, T. & Yiğit, E. (2019). Lojistik performans ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: orta-doğu avrupa ülkeleri ve Türkiye örneği. Journal of International Management Educational and Economics Perspectives, 7 (2), 169–177.
• Solow, R. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-94. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884513
• Song, M. J., & Lee, H. Y. (2022). The relationship between international trade and logistics performance: A focus on the South Korean industrial sector. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 44, 100786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2022.100786
• Stannard S. 2020. COVID-19 in the maritime setting: the challenges, regulations and the international response. Int Marit Health, 71(2): 85-90
• Tang, C. F., & Abosedra, S. (2019). Logistics performance, exports, and growth: Evidence from Asian economies. Research in Transportation Economics, 78, 100743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2019.100743
• Tunç, H. & Kaya, M. (2016). Türkiye’de lojistik sektörünün gelişmesinde dış ticaretin rolü üzerine bir nedensellik analizi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 7 (14), 58-65.
• Uca, N., İnce, H. & Sumen, H. (2016). The mediator effect of logistics performance ındex on the relation between corruption perception ındex and foreign trade volume. European Scientific Journal, 12 (25), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n25p37
• Ulutaş, A. (2018). Entropi tabanli edas yöntemi ile lojistik firmalarinin performans analizi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, (23), 53-66. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.458754
• Ulutaş, A., & Karaköy, Ç. (2019). G-20 Ülkelerinin lojistik performans endeksinin çok kriterli karar verme modeli ile ölçümü. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 20(2), 71-84.
• UNCTAD (2015). Key Statistics and Trends in International Trade 2014. Alınan yer https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ditctab2014d2_en.pdf
• UNCTAD. (2022a). Industry Leaders Highlight Urgent Need to Build Port Resilience. https://unctad.org/news/industry-leaders-highlighturgent-need-build-port-resilience.
• Wang T-F., & Cullinane K (2006). The efficiency of European container terminals and implications for supply chain management. Marit Econ Logist, 8(1):82–99. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.mel.9100151
• Wang, L. (2005). International trade and modern logistics. Finance Teaching and Research, 1(1), 30-31.
• Wang, M., & Choi, C. (2018). How logistics performance promote the international trade volume? A comparative analysis of developing and developed countries. International Journal of Logistics Economics and Globalization, 7(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLEG.2018.090504
• Weber. A. (1929). Theory of Location of Industries. (Translated into English by Friedrich). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Wong, W. P. & Tang, C. F. (2018). The importance of the logistics performance index in international trade, Applied Economics, 46 (24), 2982-2992. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.916394
• World Bank. https://lpi.worldbank.org/international/aggregated-ranking
• WTO. (2020). Second Quarter 2020 Merchandise Trade. https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/daily_update_e/merch _latest.pdf,
• WTO. (2021). World Trade Statistical Review 2021. https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2021_e/wts2021_e
• Yeo, A. D., & Deng, A. (2020). Logistics performance as a mediator of the relationship between trade facilitation and international trade: A mediation analysis. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 23(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v23i1.3453
• Yeo, A. D., Deng, A., & Nadiedjoa, T. Y. (2020). The effect of infrastructure and logistics performance on economic performance: The mediation role of international trade. Foreign Trade Review, 55(4), 450-465. https://doi.org/10.1177/0015732520947676
• Yeung, A. C. (2006). “The Impact of Third-Party Logistics Performance on the Logistics and Export Performance of Users: an Empirical Study”, Maritime Economics and Logistics, 8, 121-139. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.mel.9100155
• Yuan, H., & Kuang, J. (2010). The relationship between regional logistics and economic growth based on panel data. In ICLEM 2010: Logistics For Sustained Economic Development: Infrastructure, Information, Integration (pp. 618-623).
• Zhang, B. Y. (2009). A Study on the Influence of Logistics on the Import and Export Trade in China. Journal of International Trade, 1(1), 19-24.