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SİGARA KULLANIMININ TÜBERKÜLOZ SEYRİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 131 - 135, 01.12.2009

Öz

Sigara tüberküloz (TB) için bir risk faktörü olmakla kalmayıp tüberküloz kliniğinin daha ağır seyretmesine neden olabilmektedir. Çalışmamızda; kliniğimizde akciğer TB tanısı almış olgularda sigara kullanımının başlangıç basil durumu, radyolojik özellikler, takiplerdeki basil konversiyonu ve tedavi süresine etkisini araştırdık. Olgular (n=226) 2 grupta incelendi. Grup I sigara içen (n=145, K/E: 22/123, yaş ortalaması 40 ± 13) ve grup II sigara içmeyen (n=81, K/E: 24/57, yaş ortalaması 36 ± 15) olgulardan oluşmaktadır. Aside rezistans basil (ARB) pozitifliği ile tanı koyduğumuz olguların oranları, grup I'de %92.7, grup II'de %77.8 olarak saptanmıştır. İki grup arasında PA akciğer grafilerinde radyolojik dağılım ve kavite görülme oranı açısından fark bulunamamıştır (p>0.05). Tanıda ARB pozitifliği açısından iki grup karşılaştırıldığında sigara içen grupta ARB pozitifliği anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0.001). Sonuç olarak; halen devam etmekte olan çalışmamızın ilk sonuçlarına göre sigara içen tüberküloz olgularının içmeyenlere göre daha çok yayma pozitif olmaları, TB bulaştırıcılığı yönünden önemlidir. TB ve sigara birlikteliği toplum sağlığı açısından her birinin tek başına oluşturduğundan daha büyük bir tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle tüberkülozlu hasta yönetiminde sigara bıraktırma yöntemlerine de yer verilmesinin yararlı olacağı kanısındayız.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Zellweger JP. Tobacco and tuberculosis. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2008; 69(2): 83-5.
  • 2. Chiang CY, Slama K, Enarson DA. Associations between tobacco and tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007; 11: 258-62.
  • 3. Pai M, Mohan A, Dheda K, Leung CC, Yew WW, Christopher J, Sharma SK. Lethal interaction: the colliding epidemics of tobacco and tuberculosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2007; 5: 385-91.
  • 4. Kolappan C, Gopi PG. Tobacco smoking and pulmonary tuberculosis. Thorax 2002; 57: 964-6.
  • 5. Hassmiller KM. The association between smoking and tuberculosis. Salud Publica Mex 2006; 48 Suppl 1: S 201-16.
  • 6. Kömüfl N, Albayrak S, Ellidokuz H, Ç›mr›n AH. Mesleksel, Çevresel maruziyetler ve akci¤er sa¤l›¤› iliflkisi. Tuberk Toraks 2008; 56: 275-82.
  • 7. Doll R, Hill AB. The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits. BMJ 1954, reprinted in BMJ 2002; 328: 1529–33.
  • 8. Bates MN, Khalakdina A, Pai M, Chang L, Lessa F, Smith KR. Risk of tuberculosis from exposure to tobacco smoke: A sistematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 335-42.
  • 9. Lin HH, Ezzati M, Murray M. Tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution and tubercolosis: A sistematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2007; 4: e20.
  • 10. Baran A, Özfleker F, Mihmanl› A, Alt›nsoy B, Damado¤lu E, Çelik O, Güngör S, Akkaya E. Tüberkülozlu hastalarda hastaneye yat›fl›n ve hastal›k etkisinin sigara b›rakma giriflimine katk›s›. Toraks Derne¤i, 7. Y›ll›k Kongresi, Antalya, 2004. (Özet)
  • 11. Brands A, Ottmani SE, Lonnroth K, et al. Reply to ‘Addressing smoking cessation in tuberculosis control’. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85: 647-8.
  • 12. Sony E, Slama K, Salieh M, Elhaj H, Adam K, Hassan A, Enarson DA. Feasibility of brief tobacco cessation advice for tuberculosis patients: a study from Sudan. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007; 11:150–5.
  • 13. Slama K, Chiang CY, Enarson DA. Introducing brief advice in tuberculosis services. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007; 11: 496-9.
  • 14. Marais BJ, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, Hesseling AC, Obihara CC, Starke JJ, Enarson DA, Donald PR, Beyers N. The natural history of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis: a critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy era. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2004; 8: 392-402.
  • 15. Alcaide J, Altet M N, Plans P, Parrón I, Folguera L, Saltó E, Domínguez A, Pardell H, Salleras L.. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for tuberculosis in young adults: a case-control study. Tubercle Lung Dis 1996; 77: 112-6.
  • 16. Yu GP, Hsieh CC, Peng J. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among sanitary workers in Shanghai. Tubercle 1988; 69: 105-12.
  • 17. Altet-Gómez MN, Alcaide J, Godoy P, Romero MA, Hernández del Rey I. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of smoking and tuberculosis: a study of 13,038 cases. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005; 9: 430-6.
  • 18. Leung CC, Yew WW, Chan CK, et al. Smoking and tuberculosis in Hong Kong. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003; 7: 980–6.
  • 19. Bothamley GH. Smoking and tuberculosis: a chance or causal association? Thorax 2002; 57: 527-8.
  • 20. Leung CC, Li T, Lam TH, Yew WW, Law WS, Tam CM, Chan WM, Chan CK, Ho KS, Chang KC. Smoking and tuberculosis among the elderly in Hong Kong. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170: 1027–33.
  • 21. Durban Immunotherapy Trial Group. Immunotherapy with Mycobacterium vaccae in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999; 354: 116–9.
  • 22. Balbay O, Annakkaya AN, Arbak P, Bilgin C, Erbas M. Which patients are able to adhere to tuberculosis treatment? A study in a rural area in the northwest part of Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis 2005; 58: 152-8.

DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM IN SECONDARY CARE

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 131 - 135, 01.12.2009

Öz

Smoking is not only a risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) but can also increases the gravity of clinical course. In our study we examined the effects of smoking on pulmonary TB patients in terms of initial smear positivity, radiological presentations, smear conversion on follow~up, efect on treatment periods. Patients (n=226) were separated into 2 groups as Group I smokers (n=145, F/M: 22/123, mean age: 40 ± 13) and Group II non-smokers (n=81, F/M: 24/57, mean age: 36 ± 15). We determined the ratios of the patients diagnosed by smear positivity as 92.7% in Group I and 77.8% in Group II. We did not obtain any significant difference between the groups in terms of the radiological presentation and the existence of cavity on chest X-Ray (p>0.05). When the groups are compared in terms of the smear positivity in diagnosis; we found a significantly higher positivity in the smoker group (p= 0.001). As a result, initial conclusions of our study which is still continuing, bacterial discharge was found significantly higher in the smoker group and this is important for TB contagiousness. Because of this, the coexistence of TB and smoking has more risk for health care instead of each one separately. We think smoking cessation programs also may help TB control.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Zellweger JP. Tobacco and tuberculosis. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2008; 69(2): 83-5.
  • 2. Chiang CY, Slama K, Enarson DA. Associations between tobacco and tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007; 11: 258-62.
  • 3. Pai M, Mohan A, Dheda K, Leung CC, Yew WW, Christopher J, Sharma SK. Lethal interaction: the colliding epidemics of tobacco and tuberculosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2007; 5: 385-91.
  • 4. Kolappan C, Gopi PG. Tobacco smoking and pulmonary tuberculosis. Thorax 2002; 57: 964-6.
  • 5. Hassmiller KM. The association between smoking and tuberculosis. Salud Publica Mex 2006; 48 Suppl 1: S 201-16.
  • 6. Kömüfl N, Albayrak S, Ellidokuz H, Ç›mr›n AH. Mesleksel, Çevresel maruziyetler ve akci¤er sa¤l›¤› iliflkisi. Tuberk Toraks 2008; 56: 275-82.
  • 7. Doll R, Hill AB. The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits. BMJ 1954, reprinted in BMJ 2002; 328: 1529–33.
  • 8. Bates MN, Khalakdina A, Pai M, Chang L, Lessa F, Smith KR. Risk of tuberculosis from exposure to tobacco smoke: A sistematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 335-42.
  • 9. Lin HH, Ezzati M, Murray M. Tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution and tubercolosis: A sistematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2007; 4: e20.
  • 10. Baran A, Özfleker F, Mihmanl› A, Alt›nsoy B, Damado¤lu E, Çelik O, Güngör S, Akkaya E. Tüberkülozlu hastalarda hastaneye yat›fl›n ve hastal›k etkisinin sigara b›rakma giriflimine katk›s›. Toraks Derne¤i, 7. Y›ll›k Kongresi, Antalya, 2004. (Özet)
  • 11. Brands A, Ottmani SE, Lonnroth K, et al. Reply to ‘Addressing smoking cessation in tuberculosis control’. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85: 647-8.
  • 12. Sony E, Slama K, Salieh M, Elhaj H, Adam K, Hassan A, Enarson DA. Feasibility of brief tobacco cessation advice for tuberculosis patients: a study from Sudan. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007; 11:150–5.
  • 13. Slama K, Chiang CY, Enarson DA. Introducing brief advice in tuberculosis services. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007; 11: 496-9.
  • 14. Marais BJ, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, Hesseling AC, Obihara CC, Starke JJ, Enarson DA, Donald PR, Beyers N. The natural history of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis: a critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy era. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2004; 8: 392-402.
  • 15. Alcaide J, Altet M N, Plans P, Parrón I, Folguera L, Saltó E, Domínguez A, Pardell H, Salleras L.. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for tuberculosis in young adults: a case-control study. Tubercle Lung Dis 1996; 77: 112-6.
  • 16. Yu GP, Hsieh CC, Peng J. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among sanitary workers in Shanghai. Tubercle 1988; 69: 105-12.
  • 17. Altet-Gómez MN, Alcaide J, Godoy P, Romero MA, Hernández del Rey I. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of smoking and tuberculosis: a study of 13,038 cases. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005; 9: 430-6.
  • 18. Leung CC, Yew WW, Chan CK, et al. Smoking and tuberculosis in Hong Kong. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003; 7: 980–6.
  • 19. Bothamley GH. Smoking and tuberculosis: a chance or causal association? Thorax 2002; 57: 527-8.
  • 20. Leung CC, Li T, Lam TH, Yew WW, Law WS, Tam CM, Chan WM, Chan CK, Ho KS, Chang KC. Smoking and tuberculosis among the elderly in Hong Kong. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170: 1027–33.
  • 21. Durban Immunotherapy Trial Group. Immunotherapy with Mycobacterium vaccae in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999; 354: 116–9.
  • 22. Balbay O, Annakkaya AN, Arbak P, Bilgin C, Erbas M. Which patients are able to adhere to tuberculosis treatment? A study in a rural area in the northwest part of Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis 2005; 58: 152-8.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA89BM46DD
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Leyla Yağci Tuncer Bu kişi benim

Esen Akkaya Bu kişi benim

Ateş Baran Bu kişi benim

Sinem Güngör Bu kişi benim

Murat Yalçınsoy Bu kişi benim

Aydanur Mihmanlı Bu kişi benim

Dildar Duman Bu kişi benim

Gülcihan Duman Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2009
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Tuncer, L. Y., Akkaya, E., Baran, A., Güngör, S., vd. (2009). SİGARA KULLANIMININ TÜBERKÜLOZ SEYRİNE ETKİSİ. İzmir Göğüs Hastanesi Dergisi, 23(3), 131-135.