An Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technologies in Islamic Inheritance Law Knowledge: A Comparison of ChatGPT and Google Gemini

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 46, 457 - 489, 30.12.2025

Hüseyin Okur

https://doi.org/10.59777/ihad.1739678

Öz

The rapid development of artificial intelligence models has sparked debates about the potential of these technologies to replace human labor across various sectors; in some areas, significant reductions in personnel have already been executed, with systems being transferred to AI-based solutions. One of the fields affected by this transformation is law. Today, in countries such as China, Colombia, Argentina, the United Kingdom, and the United States, it is known that artificial intelligence is permitted to be used in judicial processes, albeit in a limited capacity, either as a primary or auxiliary tool. The aim of this study is to comparatively evaluate the reliability and comprehensibility of responses provided by ChatGPT (developed by OpenAI) and Gemini (developed by Google AI) to questions concerning “Islamic Inheritance Law.” Both are among the most well-known and widely accessible AI tools for general users. By analyzing the accuracy of information these two AI models offer on the subject of “Islamic Inheritance Law,” the study aims to explore the applicability of these technologies in the legal field in general and in Islamic law in particular. In this study, questions selected from easy, medium, and hard categories were drawn from exam questions in the Islamic Inheritance Law unit of the Islamic Law I course taught to second-year students at Kocaeli University’s Faculty of Theology. These questions were posed to the two AI models, and the resulting answers were evaluated by two experts in Islamic law. The results obtained were analyzed using tools such as SPSS, and a comparative evaluation of the knowledge and interpretive abilities of these AI models regarding Islamic law was conducted in terms of both accuracy and comprehensibility.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islamic Law , Islamic Inheritance Law , Artificial Intelligence (AI) , Comparative Evaluation , ChatGPT , Google Gemini , Legal Knowledge Reliability

Etik Beyan

In this study, the responses generated by an AI-based language model were utilized. Short questions were included directly, while longer ones were summarized and evaluated before incorporation into the research. The AI-generated content was analyzed and interpreted by the researcher in accordance with the scientific context and was structured with original contributions. Throughout this process, particular care was taken to avoid any instances of plagiarism or violations of scientific ethics

Yapay Zekâ (AI) Teknolojilerinin İslam Miras Hukuku Bilgisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme: ChatGPT ve Google Gemini Karşılaştırması

Öz

Yapay zeka modellerinin hızla gelişmesi, birçok sektörde bu teknolojilerin insan gücünün yerini alması tartışmalarını gündeme getirmiş; bazı sektörlerde ise personel sayılarında kayda değer azaltmalara gidilerek sistemler yapay zeka temelli çözümlere devredilmiştir. Bu dönüşümden etkilenen alanlardan biri de hukuk olmuştur. Günümüzde Çin, Kolombiya, Arjantin, Birleşik Krallık ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri gibi bazı ülkelerde, yapay zekanın yargı süreçlerinde sınırlı da olsa asli ya da yardımcı bir araç olarak kullanılmasına izin verildiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, en çok bilinen ve genel kullanıcıların ulaşabildiği yapay zeka araçlarından OpenAI tarafından geliştirilen ChatGPT ve Google AI tarafından geliştirilen Gemini’nin “İslam Miras Hukuku” hakkındaki sorulara verdikleri cevapların güvenilirliğini ve anlaşılabilirliğini karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmektir. Çalışma, iki yapay zeka modelinin “İslam Miras Hukuku” hakkındaki verdikleri bilgilerin doğruluğunu analiz ederek bu teknolojilerin genel olarak hukuk ve özelde de İslam hukuku alanındaki uygulama kabiliyetlerini araştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışma Kocaeli Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi 2. Sınıf öğrencilerine İslam Hukuku I dersinde verilen İslam Miras Hukuku ünitesinin sınav sorularından kolay, orta ve zor kategorideki sorular seçilerek iki yapay zekâ modeline sorulmuş ve elde edilen cevapların, alanda uzman iki İslam hukukçusu tarafından değerlendirilmesi istenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar SPSS gibi araçlarla test ve analiz edilmiş, bu iki yapay zekâ modelinin İslam Hukuku hakkındaki bilgi ve yorum kabiliyetleri test edilerek hem doğruluk hem de anlaşılabilirlik açısından karşılaştırmalı bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İslam Hukuku , İslam Miras Hukuku , Yapay Zekâ (AI) , Karşılaştırmalı Değerlendirme , ChatGPT , Google Gemini , Hukuki Bilgi Güvenilirliği

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmada, yapay zekâ tabanlı bir dil modelinin oluşturduğu yanıtlar kullanılmıştır. Kısa sorular doğrudan dahil edilmiş, daha uzun olanlar ise özetlenip değerlendirilerek araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Yapay zekâ tarafından üretilen içerikler, bilimsel bağlam gözetilerek araştırmacı tarafından analiz edilmiş ve özgün katkılarla yapılandırılmıştır. Bu süreç boyunca intihal ve bilimsel etik ihlallerinden özellikle kaçınılmasına özen gösterilmiştir.

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