Nükleer Silahların Kullanılması Yasağı Bakımından Kuzey Kore’nin Israrlı Muhalif (Persistent Objector) Devlet Statüsü

Year 2024, Volume: 82 Issue: 3, 955 - 984, 26.09.2024

Hatice Türkay

https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.3.0009

Abstract

Nükleer silahlar 1945 yılında ilk kez Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) tarafından Hiroşima ve Nagazaki’de kullanılmasından beri hem canlılar hem de çevre üzerinde yarattığı ciddi etkiler nedeniyle bir şekilde hem üretimi hem kullanımı sınırlandırılmaya çalışılan bir silah türüdür. 1968 tarihli Nükleer Silahların Yayılmasının Önlenmesi Andlaşması (NSYÖA) bu amaçla yapılan önemli bir düzenlemedir. Andlaşma ABD, Rusya, Birleşik Krallık, Fransa ve Çin’i nükleer devlet olarak kabul etmiştir. Kore Demokratik Halk Cumhuriyeti (Kuzey Kore) andlaşmanın nükleer devlet sıfatı tanıdığı devletlerden biri değildir. Ancak Kuzey Kore, ilk lideri Kim Il Jong döneminde nükleer silah çalışmalarını başlatmış ve 2018 yılında nükleer silah geliştirme hedefine ulaştığını ilan etmiştir. Bu nedenle bugün Kuzey Kore’nin de nükleer silah sahibi olduğu bilinmektedir. Kuzey Kore de bu bilgiyi faklı zamanlarda da doğrulamaya devam etmektedir. 2017 yılında Nükleer Silahların Yasaklanmasına Dair Andlaşma yapılmış, ancak açık bir yasak getiren bu andlaşma özellikle nükleer devlet olarak kabul edilen beş devletin itirazıyla karşılaşmıştır. 2003 yılında Nükleer Silahların Yayılmasının Önlenmesi Andlaşması’ndan çekilen Kuzey Kore bu andlaşmanın da tarafı değildir. Bu nedenle kendisi için herhangi bağlayıcı bir düzenleme bulunmadığını savunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla söz konusu silahların kullanılmasına ilişkin yasağın uluslararası hukuk kaynakları bakımından niteliği daha önemli hâle gelmektedir. Yasağın örf ve adet kuralına dönüştüğü ve bu nedenle ısrarlı muhalif niteliği bulunmayan tüm devletleri bağlayacağı ifade edilmelidir. Dolayısıyla evrensel bir örf adet kuralına dönüşen bu yasağa tabi olmak istemeyen devletler sözü edilen kurala sürekli ve ısrarlı bir şekilde itiraz etmelidir. Kuzey Kore’nin yasağa tabi olmaması için de ısrarlı muhalif statüsüne sahip olması gerekir. Bu nedenle Kuzey Kore’nin yasak karşısındaki durumunun tespiti için ısrarlı muhalif statüsü incelenmelidir.

Keywords

Nükleer Silah, Nükleer Devlet, Nükleer Silah Tehdidi veya Kullanımı Yasağı, Kuzey Kore, Israrlı Muhalif

State Status of North Korea Persistent Objector with Respect To The Prohibition on the Use of Nuclear Weapons

Abstract

Nuclear weapons are a type of weapon that has been tried to be limited in production and use in some ways due to the serious effects they have on both living things and the environment since they were first used by the USA in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1968 provides an important arrangement for this purpose. The treaty recognised the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, and China as nuclear states. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is not a state that the treaty recognises as a nuclear state. However, North Korea began nuclear weapons studies during its first leader, Kim Il Jong, and declared that it had reached its goal of developing nuclear weapons in 2018. For this reason, it is known today that North Korea also has nuclear weapons. North Korea has also confirmed this information at different times. The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons was signed in 2017, which introduced an explicit ban, but the treaty faced objections from five states, which are considered nuclear states. North Korea, which withdrew from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NSYÖA) in 2003, is also not a party to the treaty. Therefore, he argued that there is no binding regulation. Therefore, the nature of the prohibition on the use of such weapons has become more important in terms of the sources of international law. It should be noted that the prohibition has become a customary rule and therefore binds all states that do not have a persistent objector attribute. Therefore, states that do not want to be subjected to this ban, which has become a universal customary rule, must constantly and persistently object to the said rule. For North Korea to not be subjected to a ban, it must also have a persistent objector status. In order to determine the situation of North Korea with respect to the ban, it should be examined whether it has the status of a persistent objector.

Keywords

Nuclear Weapons, Nuclear States, Prohibition of Threats or Use of Nuclear Weapons, North Korea, Persistent

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