EFFECTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF DIVIDED POWER IN MULTI-PARTY PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS

Yıl 2023, , 99 - 140, 22.12.2023

Gülnihal Ahter Yakacak

https://doi.org/10.59831/ihuhfd.2023.9

Öz

In the context of a multiparty presidential system, divided government refers to a situation where the legislature, such as parliament or congress, is controlled by different parties or coalitions, while the presidency is under the control of a single party. This division has the potential to result in legislative deadlocks akin to those observed in divided government systems of two-party systems. The absence of collaboration and concession between the executive and legislative branches poses challenges in the enactment of significant legislation and the execution of the president's policy objectives.
The utilization of negotiations and compromises is imperative in order to address the challenges associated with a government that is divided. In order to effectively advance significant policies and legislative initiatives, it is imperative for the president to collaborate with the legislative majority and foster consensus. This frequently entails engaging in negotiations, reaching mutually agreeable solutions, and identifying shared objectives among diverse stakeholders. Occasionally, compromise may prove insufficient in resolving deadlocks within the constitutional system, prompting the implementation of additional mechanisms to address such impasses.
When a single party or group fails to secure a majority in the legislative body, it is common for them to establish coalitions with other parties or groups. This strategic alliance is formed with the aim of attaining a satisfactory number of seats that would enable them to effectively govern and exert control over the parliament. Coalitions are strategic partnerships formed between distinct political entities, wherein they mutually consent to collaborate and distribute authority. Furthermore, the implementation of simultaneous elections and the allocation of constitutional powers to the president serve as effective measures to mitigate potential deadlocks.
This article examines the phenomenon of divided power within multi-party presidential systems, focusing on the emergence of minority presidents and exploring potential strategies to prevent political deadlock.

Anahtar Kelimeler

divided government, coalition, deadlock

Çok Partili Başkanlık Sistemlerde Bölünmüş İktidar Oluşumunun Etki ve Sonuçları

Öz

Çok partili başkanlık sisteminde, başkanlık tek bir partinin elindeyken, yasama organını farklı partiler veya koalisyonlar kontrol ettiğinde bölünmüş hükümet ortaya çıkar. Bu bölünme, iki partili bölünmüş hükümet sistemlerinde görülenlere benzer şekilde yasama kilitlenmelerine yol açabilir. Yürütme ve yasama organları arasında iş birliği ve uzlaşma olmadan önemli yasaları geçirmek ve başkanın gündemini uygulamak zorlaşır.
Bölünmüş hükümetin zorluklarının üstesinden gelmek için müzakereler ve uzlaşmalar elzem hale gelir. Başkanın önemli politikalar ve yasama girişimleri üzerinde uzlaşma sağlamak için yasama çoğunluğu ile birlikte çalışması gerekir. Bu genellikle pazarlık yapmayı, taviz vermeyi ve farklı tarafların çıkarları arasında ortak bir zemin bulmayı içerir. Ancak bazen uzlaşı yeterli olmaz ve anayasal sistemde bu kilitlenmeleri aşmak için bazı yöntemler ilave edilir.
Yasama organında çoğunluğun bulunmaması nedeniyle, partiler ya da gruplar parlamentoyu etkin bir şekilde kontrol edebilmek için yeterli sandalye sayısına ulaşmak amacıyla genellikle koalisyonlar kurmak zorunda kalırlar. Koalisyonlar, birlikte çalışmayı ve gücü paylaşmayı kabul eden farklı partiler arasındaki ittifaklardır. Bunların haricinde seçimlerin eş zamanlı yapılması, başkana verilen anayasal yetkiler kilitlenmeleri önlemekte yardımcı olur.
Bu makalede çok partili başkanlık sistemlerinde bölünmüş iktidar, bunun sonucunda oluşan azınlık başkanları ve kilitlenmeyi önleme araçları tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çok Partili Başkanlık, koalisyon, Bölünmüş İktidar, Azınlık Hükümetleri

Kaynakça

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