An Analysis on the Atmospheric Effects During the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Ro-Ro Port Example

Öz

One of the most difficult issues that the world is currently facing is the pollution caused by greenhouse gases (GHG), which is caused by the transportation industry. All of the international transportation organizations, such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), and others, have implemented climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. After that obliged the shipping industry to take particular measures after the 1st of January 2020, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) laid out a plan and provided an initial strategy for reducing GHGs in 2018. Emissions caused by humans are a well-established contributor to both the progression of climate change on a global scale and the deterioration of public health. It is an inescapable fact that ports, which serve as one of the touchpoints between different modes of maritime transportation, will also be impacted by these emissions. At Ro-Ro ports, the presence of air pollution is caused by anthropogenic emissions that are produced when ship generators are used in the process of handling goods. Because of this, it is essential to investigate the movements of ships in Ro-Ro ports as well as the quantity of fuel and its features that are consumed by the generators utilized in these ships. Ship movements of a Ro-Ro port that is operational in the Tuzla administrative port region were obtained by using the data from 19 distinct ships' hotelling times by day at the quays in 2019 and 2020. At 2019 and 2020, ship movements in the relevant port were analyzed, and data regarding the length of time that vessels spent at the quays was collected. The data on fuel usage for these ships was used in conjunction with an estimating model that was presented by the European Environment Agency (EEA) in its Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook. In this study, comparisons were made between ship emissions in different years at the berths of a Ro-Ro port.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Maritime
• Atmospheric Effect
• Ro-Ro Port

COVID-19 Pandemisi Sırasında Atmosferik Etkiler Üzerine Bir Analiz: Bir Ro-Ro Limanı Örneği

Öz

Dünyanın şu anda karşı karşıya olduğu en zor sorunlardan biri, ulaşım endüstrisinin neden olduğu sera gazlarının (GHG) neden olduğu kirliliktir. Uluslararası Denizcilik Örgütü (IMO), Uluslararası Sivil Havacılık Örgütü (ICAO) ve diğer tüm uluslararası taşımacılık örgütleri, iklim değişikliğini azaltma ve uyum önlemlerini uygulamaktadır. 1 Ocak 2020'den sonra denizcilik endüstrisini belirli önlemler almaya mecbur bırakan Uluslararası Denizcilik Örgütü (IMO), 2018'de sera gazlarını azaltmak için bir plan hazırlamış ve bir başlangıç ​​stratejisi sağlamıştır. İnsanların neden olduğu emisyonlar, hem iklim değişikliğinin küresel ölçekte ilerlemesine hem de halk sağlığının bozulmasına köklü bir katkıda bulunmaktadır. Farklı deniz taşımacılığı modları arasında temas noktalarından biri olan limanların da bu emisyonlardan etkileneceği kaçınılmaz bir gerçektir. Ro-Ro limanlarında, hava kirliliğinin varlığı, malların taşınması sürecinde gemi jeneratörleri kullanıldığında üretilen antropojenik emisyonlardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu nedenle Ro-Ro limanlarındaki gemilerin hareketlerinin ve bu gemilerde kullanılan jeneratörlerin tükettiği yakıt miktarı ve özelliklerinin araştırılması gerekmektedir. Tuzla idari liman bölgesinde faaliyette olan bir Ro-Ro limanının gemi hareketleri, 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında 19 ayrı geminin rıhtımlarda günlük konaklama süreleri verileri kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında ilgili limandaki gemi hareketleri analiz edilerek, gemilerin rıhtımlarda geçirdikleri sürelere ilişkin veriler toplanmıştır. Bu gemiler için yakıt kullanımına ilişkin veriler, Avrupa Çevre Ajansı (AÇA) tarafından Hava Kirletici Emisyon Envanteri Kılavuzunda sunulan bir tahmin modeli ile birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada bir Ro-Ro limanı rıhtımlarındaki farklı yıllardaki gemi emisyonları arasında karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Denizcilik
• Atmosferik Etki
• Ro-Ro Limanı

Kaynakça

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