PERFORMANCE, EXHAUST EMISSIONS AND COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF MOHR OIL BASED BIODIESEL IN A MEDIUM GRADE LOW HEAT REJECTION DIESEL ENGINE

Öz

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of a mohr oil based biodiesel (MOBD) at different operating conditions [normal temperature and pre-heated temperature] in a medium grade low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine with air gap insulated piston with superni (an alloy of nickel) crown and air gap insulated liner with superni insert with varied injection pressure and injection timing. Performance parameters and exhaust emissions of smoke and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were determined at different values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). Combustion characteristics were recorded at peak load operation of the engine. Combustion parameters were measured with TDC (top dead centre) encoder, pressure transducer, console and special pressure-crank angle software package. Conventional engine (CE) showed compatible performance with biodiesel operation, while LHR engine showed improved performance at recommended injection timing of 27obTDC (before top dead centre) and recommended injection pressure of 190 bar. The performance of both version of the engine improved with advanced injection timing and at higher injection pressure when compared with CE with pure diesel operation. The optimum injection timing was 31obTDC for CE while it was 30obTDC with LHR engine with biodiesel operation. Peak brake thermal efficiency increased by 12.5%, smoke levels decreased by 38% and NOx levels increased by 35% with biodiesel operation on LHR engine at its optimum injection timing, when compared with pure diesel operation on CE at 27obTDC. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mohr oil
• Esterification
• LHR engine
• Performance
• Emissions
• Combustion characteristics / mohr yağı
• esterleşme
• LHR motor
• performans
• salınım
• yanma karekteristikleri

PERFORMANCE, EXHAUST EMISSIONS AND COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF MOHR OIL BASED BIODIESEL IN A MEDIUM GRADE LOW HEAT REJECTION DIESEL ENGINE

Öz

Deneyler hava boşluğu yalıtımlı nikel alaşımlı pistonlu orta düzey düşük ısı atıklı dizel motor ve hava boşluklu supreni girişi ile yalıtılmış çeşitli basınç ve enjeksiyon zamanlamada farklı operasyon durumlarında biyodizel esaslı mohr yağının performansını değerlendirmek için yapıldı. Performans parametreleri ve azot oksitler ve dumanın egzoz salınımları etkin fren anlamına gelen frenin farklı değerlerinde tanımlandı. Yanma karekteristikleri motorun en üst düzey yükleme operasyonunda kaydedildi. Yanma parametreleri üst ölü nokta çevirici, basınç çevirici, konsol ve özel basınç krank açı yazılım paketi ile hesaplandı. LHR motor 27 obTDH(üst ölü nokta merkezinden önce) tavsiye edilen enjeksiyon zamanında ve 190 bar tavsiye edilen enjeksiyon basıncında gelişmiş bir performans gösterirken geleneksel motor biyodizel operasyonda rekabetçi bir performans gösterdi. Motorun her iki versiyonunun performansı da saf dizel operasyonu CE ile kıyaslandığı zaman gelişmiş enjeksiyon zamanu-I ve yüksek enjeksiyon basıncı ile geliştirildi. Biyogaz operasyonunda LHR motorda optimum enjeksiyon zamanı 30 obTDC iken CE motorda 31ob TDC dir. En üst ısıl fren etkinliği 27obTDC değerinde bir zamanla saf dizel operasyon ile kıyaslandığında optimum enjeksiyon zamanında LHR motor üzerinde biyodizel operasyonu ile %12.5 civarında arttı duman seviyesi %38 civarında azaldı ve azot oksit seviyesi %35 oranında arttı.

Kaynakça

1. Cummins, C. Lyle, Jr. “Diesel's Engine, Volume 1: From Conception To 1918”, Wilsonville, OR, USA: Carnot Press, 1993.
2. Venkanna, B.K., Venkataramana Reddy,C., Swati B. and Wadawadagi. “Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of direct injection diesel engine running on rice bran oil / diesel fuel blend”, International Journal of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2(3), 131-137, 2009.
3. Canaker, M., Ozsezen, A.N. and Turkcan, A. “Combustion analysis of preheated crude sunflower oil in an IDI diesel engine”, Biomass Bio-energy, 33, 760-770, 2009.
4. Venkanna, B.K. and Venkatarama Reddy,C. “Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of DI diesel engine running on blends of honne oil/diesel fuel/kerosene”, International Journal of Agriculture and Biology Engineering, 4(3), 1-10, 2009.
5. Misra, R.D., Murthy, M.S. “Straight vegetable oils usage in a compression ignition engine—A review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,. 14, 3005–3013, 2010.
6. Hanbey Hazar and Huseyin Aydin. “Performance and emission evaluation of a CI engine fueled with preheated raw rapeseed oil (RRO)-diesel blends”, Applied Energy, , ISSN: 0306-2619, 87, 786-790, 2010.
7. “Engine Manufacturer’s Association”, Chicago, March, 2006.
8. Jaichandar, S. and Annamalai, K. “The status of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engine- An Overview”, Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment, 2, 71-75, 2011.

9. Ridvan Arslan. “Emission characteristics of a diesel engine using waste cooking oil as a bio-diesel fuel”, African Journal of Bio-Technology, 10(9), 3790-3794, 2011.
10. Xue, J., Grift, T.E., Hansen, A.C. “Effect of biodiesel on engine performances and emissions”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 1098–1116, 2011.
11. McCarthy, P., Rasul, M.G., Moazzem, S. “Analysis and comparison of performance and emissions of an internal combustion engine fuelled with petroleum diesel and different bio-diesels”, Fuel, 90, 2147–2157, 2011.
12. Parlak, A., Yasar, H., ldogan O. “The effect of thermal barrier coating on a turbocharged Diesel engine performance and exergy potential of the exhaust gas”, Energy Conversion and Management, 46(3), 489–499, 2005.
13. Ekrem, B., Tahsin, E., Muhammet, C. “Effects of thermal barrier coating on gas emissions and performance of a LHR engine with different injection timings and valve adjustments”, Journal of Energy Conversion and Management, 47, 1298-1310, 2006.
14. Ciniviz, M., Hasimoglu, C., Sahin, F., Salman, M. S.,”Impact of thermal barrier coating application on the performance and emissions of a turbocharged diesel engine”, Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D-Journal Of Automobile Eng, 222 (D12), 2447–2455, 2008.
15. Venkanna, B.K. and Venkatarama Reddy,C. “Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of DI diesel engine running on blends of honne oil/diesel fuel/kerosene”, International Journal of Agriculture and Biology Engineering, 4(3), 1-10, 2009.
16. Rajendra Prasath, B., P. Tamilporai, P., Mohd.Shabir, F. “Analysis of combustion, performance and emission characteristics of low heat rejection engine using biodiesel”, International Journal of Thermal Sci, 2483-2490, 2010.
17. MohamedMusthafa, M., Sivapirakasam, S.P. and Udayakumar.M. “Comparative studies on fly ash coated low heat rejection diesel engine on performance and emission characteristics fueled by rice bran and pongamia methyl ester and their blend with diesel”, Energy, 36(5), 2343-2351, 2011.
18. Rama Mohan, K., Vara Prasad, C.M., Murali Krishna, M.V.S. “Performance of a low heat rejection diesel engine with air gap insulated piston”, ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 121(3), 530-540, 1999.
19. Vara Prasad, C.M, Murali Krishna, M.V.S., Prabhakar Reddy, C. and Rama Mohan, K. (2000). “Performance evaluation of non edible vegetable oils as substitute fuels in low heat rejection diesel engine”, Institute of Engineers (London), Part-D, Journal of Automobile Engineering, 214(2), 181-187, 2000.
20. Ratna Reddy, T., Murali Krishna, M.V.S., Kesava Reddy, Ch and Murthy, P.V.K. (2012). “Performance evaluation of a medium grade low heat rejection diesel engine with mohr oil”, International Journal of Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering (IJMECH), 1(1), 1-17, May, 2012.
21. Chennakesava Reddy, Murali Krishna, M.V.S., Murthy, P.V.K., and Ratna Reddy,T. “Potential of low heat rejection diesel engine with crude pongamia oil”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, 1(1), 210-224, 2011.
22. Chowdary, R.P., Murali Krishna, M.V.S., Reddy, T.K.K and Murthy,P.V.K. “Performance evaluation of a high grade low heat rejection diesel engine with waste fried vegetable oil”, International Journal of Scientific & Technology, 2(3), 440-450, March, 2012.
23. Ratna Reddy, T., Murali Krishna, M.V.S., Kesava Reddy, Ch and Murthy, P.V.K. “Performance evaluation of a low heat rejection diesel engine with Mohr oil based biodiesel”, British Journal of Applied Science & Technology , 2(2), 179-198, 2012.
24. Kesava Reddy, Ch., Murali Krishna, M.V.S., Murthy, P.V.K. and Ratna Reddy, T. “Performance evaluation of a high grade low heat rejection diesel engine with crude pongamia oil”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 2(5), 1505-1516, 2012.