TR
EN
Performance analysis of different SLAM packages in autonomous robots using structural similarity index measure
Öz
In this study, a performance analysis is conducted on robot localization and mapping in the context of differential-drive autonomous mobile robots, a field commonly referred to as Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). For a mobile robot to move from a starting point to a target location and complete assigned tasks effectively, it requires a reliable environmental representation namely, a map. The creation of such a map is managed through various sensor inputs and algorithmic processes, predominantly implemented within Robot Operating Systems (ROS). With the transition from ROS1 to the more advanced ROS2 framework, SLAM software packages have also evolved. This study evaluates and compares the performance of three SLAM packages Gmapping, Cartographer, and SLAM Toolbox within the ROS2 environment using the Create-3 mobile robot platform, which is specifically developed for ROS2 applications. The experiments are conducted in three different indoor environments with varying characteristics, including a narrow, obstacle-dense room; a corridor; and a wide room with sparse features. All trials are performed using a consistent speed profile and sensor setup. Performance is assessed based on the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) between the generated maps and manually created reference maps, as well as mapping speed. The results indicate that SLAM Toolbox consistently outperformed the other packages, achieving the highest SSIM values (particularly 0.72 in the wide-room scenario) and delivering more accurate maps in complex environments. Cartographer SLAM performed well in corridor-like spaces but exhibited decreased accuracy in larger, obstacle-rich environments. Gmapping provided relatively stable results but lagged behind in terms of fine-grained mapping precision. These findings demonstrate that SLAM Toolbox is better suited for applications requiring high-accuracy 2D mapping in ROS2-based systems. The study offers a comprehensive comparison framework and concrete performance data, guiding researchers and developers in selecting the most suitable SLAM approach based on environmental conditions and system requirements.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Panigrahi, P. K., & Bisoy, S. K., “Localization Strategies for Autonomous Mobile Robots: A Review”, Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, Vol. 34, No. 8, pp. 6019-6039, 2022.
- Leonard, J. J., & Durrant-Whyte, H. F., “Simultaneous Map Building and Localization for an Autonomous Mobile Robot”, Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Vol. 3, pp. 1442-1447, 1991.
- Taheri, H., & Xia, Z. C., “SLAM; Definition and Evolution”, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 97, 1–25, 2021.
- Leonard, J. J., & Durrant-Whyte, H. F., “Mobile robot localization by tracking geometric beacons”, IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 7(3), 376–382, 1991.
- Bettencourt, R., Serra, R., Lima, P. U., & Vale, A., “Comparison of Different LiDAR Sensors in SLAM: Criteria Formulation and Results”, 2025 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions (ICARSC), pp. 1-6, April 2025.
- Kim, H., Park, D., & Lee, S., “Benchmarking SLAM Toolboxes on ROS2 with Multisensor Fusion for Indoor Navigation”, Sensors, 24(9), Article ID 3981, 2024.
- Qiu, Z., Wang, H., & Chen, Y., “Comparative Evaluation of ROS2-based SLAM Algorithms in Highly Dynamic Environments”, IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 41(3), 580–592, 2025.
- Gonzalez, L., & Pereira, A., “Evaluating SLAM Performance on Resource-Constrained Robots Using ROS2”, International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 22(1), 45–59, 2025.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Otomotiv Mekatronik ve Otonom Sistemler
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yayımlanma Tarihi
30 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi
14 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi
29 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2025 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3
APA
Erhan, K., & Sildir, M. Z. (2025). Performance analysis of different SLAM packages in autonomous robots using structural similarity index measure. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 14(3), 181-189. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1634390
AMA
1.Erhan K, Sildir MZ. Performance analysis of different SLAM packages in autonomous robots using structural similarity index measure. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. 2025;14(3):181-189. doi:10.18245/ijaet.1634390
Chicago
Erhan, Koray, ve Mehmet Zeki Sildir. 2025. “Performance analysis of different SLAM packages in autonomous robots using structural similarity index measure”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 14 (3): 181-89. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1634390.
EndNote
Erhan K, Sildir MZ (01 Eylül 2025) Performance analysis of different SLAM packages in autonomous robots using structural similarity index measure. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 14 3 181–189.
IEEE
[1]K. Erhan ve M. Z. Sildir, “Performance analysis of different SLAM packages in autonomous robots using structural similarity index measure”, International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, c. 14, sy 3, ss. 181–189, Eyl. 2025, doi: 10.18245/ijaet.1634390.
ISNAD
Erhan, Koray - Sildir, Mehmet Zeki. “Performance analysis of different SLAM packages in autonomous robots using structural similarity index measure”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 14/3 (01 Eylül 2025): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1634390.
JAMA
1.Erhan K, Sildir MZ. Performance analysis of different SLAM packages in autonomous robots using structural similarity index measure. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. 2025;14:181–189.
MLA
Erhan, Koray, ve Mehmet Zeki Sildir. “Performance analysis of different SLAM packages in autonomous robots using structural similarity index measure”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, c. 14, sy 3, Eylül 2025, ss. 181-9, doi:10.18245/ijaet.1634390.
Vancouver
1.Koray Erhan, Mehmet Zeki Sildir. Performance analysis of different SLAM packages in autonomous robots using structural similarity index measure. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. 01 Eylül 2025;14(3):181-9. doi:10.18245/ijaet.1634390