Yeni Nesil Otomotiv Elektromanyetik Girişim (EMI) Kalkanlaması için Çok Fonksiyonlu Titanyum-Karbon Fiber Metal Laminatlar: Poliimid Keçe Ara Katman Yerleşiminin Rolü

Öz

Otomotiv endüstrisinin elektrikli araç (EV) mimarilerine ve otonom sürüş sistemlerine yönelmesiyle birlikte, hem üstün çarpışma dayanımı hem de yüksek frekanslı elektromanyetik girişim (EMI) kalkanlaması sağlayan çok fonksiyonlu yapısal malzemelere yönelik acil bir ihtiyaç doğmuştur. Lif takviyeli polimerler (FRP’ler) hafifletme imkanı sunsa da, yapısal kırılganlıkları ve sınırlı kalkanlama yetenekleri genellikle hibritleştirmeyi zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Ti-6Al-4V titanyum alaşımlı levhalar ile tek yönlü karbon fiber katmanların 3/2 Fiber Metal Laminat (FML) konfigürasyonundaki sinerjik entegrasyonunu incelemektedir. Tabakalar arası ayrılmayı önlemek ve fonksiyonel performansı artırmak amacıyla, ara katman olarak katkısız termoplastik poliimid (PI) keçe kullanılmıştır. Üretilen FML’lerin EMI kalkanlama etkinliği (SE), X-bandı (8,2–12,4 GHz) frekans aralığında kapsamlı bir şekilde karakterize edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, PI keçe takviyeli FML’lerin 30 dB’yi aşan bir kalkanlama etkinliği değerine ulaştığını ve ticari elektronik koruma için gereken endüstriyel eşiği geçtiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu performans artışı, PI keçenin dielektrik bir ara katman görevi görerek iletken titanyum ve karbon fiber fazları arasında çoklu iç yansımaları kolaylaştırmasına ve böylece temel kalkanlama mekanizmasını soğurmaya kaydırmasına dayandırılmaktadır. Katman derinliği (skin depth) analizi, saf keçe kullanımının hibrit yapı içerisindeki elektromanyetik etkileşimi optimize ettiğini desteklemektedir. Bu araştırma, saf PI keçe ara katmanlı Ti/CF FML’lerin, yapısal bütünlüğü korurken hassas otonom sistemleri elektromanyetik girişimlerden zırhlayan, yeni nesil otomotiv mühendisliği için sağlam ve çift amaçlı bir çözüm sunduğunu kanıtlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• EMI
• FML
• Karbon Fiber
• Titanyum

Multifunctional titanium-carbon fiber metal laminates for next-generation automotive EMI shielding: the role of polyimide veil interleaving

Öz

As the automotive industry shifts toward electric vehicle (EV) architectures and autonomous driving systems, there is an urgent demand for multifunctional structural materials that offer both superior crashworthiness and high-frequency electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. While fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) facilitate lightweighting, their inherent brittleness and limited shielding capabilities often necessitate hybridization. This study investigates the synergistic integration of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and unidirectional carbon fiber plies in a 3/2 Fiber Metal Laminate (FML) configuration. To address interlaminar delamination and enhance functional performance, neat thermoplastic polyimide (PI) veils were incorporated as interleaves. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of the fabricated FMLs was rigorously characterized in the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz). Results indicate that the PI veil-integrated FMLs achieved a SE exceeding 30 dB, surpassing the industrial requirement for commercial electronic protection. The enhanced performance is attributed to the PI veil acting as a dielectric interlayer that facilitates multiple internal reflections between the conductive titanium and carbon fiber phases, thereby shifting the primary shielding mechanism toward absorption. Skin depth analysis further substantiated that the neat veil optimizes the electromagnetic interaction within the hybrid structure. This research demonstrates that Ti/CF FMLs interleaved with neat PI veils provide a robust, dual-purpose solution for next-generation automotive engineering, ensuring structural integrity while shielding sensitive autonomous systems from electromagnetic disruption.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Carbon Fiber
• EMI
• FML
• Titanium

Kaynakça

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