Influence of swirl, tumble and squish flows on combustion characteristics and emissions in internal combustion engine-review

Yıl 2019, , 83 - 102, 20.09.2019

Mahmut Kaplan

https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.558258

Cited By: 11

Öz

This study gives an overview
of available literature on flow patterns such as swirl, tumble and squish in
internal combustion engines and their impacts of turbulence enhancement,
combustion efficiency and emission reduction. Characteristics of in-cylinder
flows are summarized. Different design approaches to generate these flows such
as directed ports, helical ports, valve shrouding and masking, modifying piston
surface, flow blockages and vanes are described. How turbulence produced by
swirl, tumble and squish flows are discussed. Effects of the organized flows on
combustion parameters and exhaust emission are outlined. This review reveals
that the recent investigations on the swirl, tumble and squish flows are
generally related to improving in-cylinder turbulence. Thus, more experimental
and numerical studies including the impacts of this organized flows on
turbulence production, combustion behavior and pollutant formation inside the
cylinder are needed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Internal combustion engines, swirl, tumble and squish flows, turbulent enhancement, combustion efficiency, emission

Kaynakça

• 1. Lumley, J. L. (1999). Engines, Cambridge University Press.
• 2. Pulkrabek, W-W. (1998). Engineering fundamentals of the internal combustion engine, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
• 3. Horrocks, G. (2001). A numerical study of a rotary valve internal combustion engine, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Technology, Sydney.
• 4. Taylor, C. F. (1968). The internal combustion engine in theory and practice, volume 2. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Massachusetts.
• 5. Wigley, G. and Hawkins, M. G. (1978). Three dimensional velocity measurements by laser anemometry in a diesel engine cylinder under steady state inlet flow conditions, SAE Paper 780060.
• 6. Pettiffer, H. F. (1982). Interaction of port design and injection rate for a D.I. diesel, SAE Paper 820358.
• 7. Arcoumanis, C., Hu, Z., Vafidis, C., and Whitelaw, J. H. (1990). Tumbling motion-A mechanism for turbulence enhancement in spark-ignition engines, SAE Paper 900060.
• 8. Omori, S., Iwachido, K., Motomochi, M., and Hirako, O. (1991). Effect of intake port flow pattern on the in-cyliner tumbling air flow in mlti-valve SI engines, SAE Paper 910477.
• 9. Hadded, O., and Denbratt, I. (1991). Turbulence characteristics of tumbling air motion in 4-valve SI engines and their correlation with combustion parameters, SAE Paper 910478.
• 10. Kang, K-Y., Oh, S-M., Lee, J-W., Lee, K-H., and Bae, C-S. (1997). The effects of tumble flow on lean burn characteristics in a 4-valve SI engine, SAE Paper 970791.
• 11. Li, Y. F., Li, L. L., Xu, J. F., Gong, X. H., Liu, S. L., and Xu, S. D. (2000). Effects of combination and orientation of intake ports on swirl motion in four-valve DI diesel engines, SAE Paper 2000-01-1823.
• 12. Rajput, R. K. (2007). Internal combustion engines, New Delhi: Laxmi Publications Ltd.
• 13. Nishiwaki, K. (1985). Prediction of three-dimensional fluid motions during intake process and swirl ratios in four-cycle engines, International Symposium on Diagnosistics and Modeling of Combustion in Reciprocating Engines, Tokyo, September.
• 14. Arcoumanis, C., and Tanabe, S. (1989). Swirl generation by helical ports, SAE Paper 890790.
• 15. Hill, P. G., and Zhang, D. (1994). The effect of swirl and tumble on combustion in spark ignition engines, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 20:373-429.
• 16. Heywood, J. B. (1988). Internal combustion engine fundamentals, McGraw-Hill, New York.
• 17. Li, Y., Zhao, H., Peng, Z., and Ladommatos N. (2002). Tumbling flow analysis in a four-valve spark ignition engine using particle image velocimetry, Int. J. Engine Res., 3(3): 139–155.
• 18. Udayakumar, R., Arasu, P. V., and Sriram, S. (2003). Experimental investigation on emission control in C.I. engines using shrouded inlet valve, SAE Paper 2003-01-0350.
• 19. Khalighi, B., Tahry, S. H. E., Haworth, D. C., and Huebler, M. S. (1995). Computation and measurement of flow and combustion in a four- valve engine with intake variations, SAE Paper 950287.
• 20. Urushihara, T., Nakada, T., Kakuhou, A., and Takagi, Y. (1996). Effects of swirl/tumble motion on in-cylinder mixture formation in a lean-burn engine, SAE Paper 961994.
• 21. Arcoumanis, C., Hu, Z., and Whitelaw, J. H. (1992). Steady flow characterization of tumble generating four valve cylinder heads, Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs., 207: 203-210.
• 22. Floch, A., Frank, J.V., and Ahmed, A. (1995). Comparison of effects of intake-generated swirl and tumble on turbulence characteristics in a 4-valve engine, SAE Paper 952457.
• 23. Pipitone, E., and Mancuso, U. (2005). An experimental investigation of two different methods for swirl induction in a multivalve engine, International Journal of Engine Research, 6(2): 159–170.
• 24. Lee, K., Bae, C., Kang K . (2007). The effects of tumble and swirl flows on flame propagation in a four-valve S.I. engine, Applied Thermal Engineering, 27: 2122-2130.
• 25. Bari S., and Saad I. (2015). Performance and emissions of a compression ignition (CI) engine run with biodiesel using guide vanes at varied vane angles, Fuel, 143: 217-228.
• 26. Payri, F., Benajes, J., Margot, X., and Gil, A. (2004). CFD modeling of the in-cylinder flow in direct-injection Diesel engines, Computers & Fluids, 33: 995-1021.
• 27. Gunabalan, A., and Ramprabhu, R. (2009). Effect of piston bowl geometry on flow, combustion and emission in DI engines-a CFD approach, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 4(11): 2181–2188.
• 28. Raj A. R. G. S., Mallikarjuna J. M., and Ganesan V. (2013.). Energy efficient piston configuration for effective air motion – A CFD study, Applied Energy, 102: 347-354.
• 29. Harshavardhan, B., Mallikarjuna J.M. (2015). Effect of piston shape on in-cylinder flows and air-fuel interaction in a direct injection spark ignition engine - A CFD analysis, Energy, 81: 361-372.
• 30. Arcoumanis, C., Bicen, A. F., and Whitelaw, J. H. (1981). Measurements in a motored four-stroke reciprocating model engine, Fluid Mech. of Combustion System, presented at the Fluids Eng. Conf., ASME, Boulder, Colorado, June 22-23.
• 31. Liou, T. M., and Santavica, D. A. (1983). Cycle resolved turbulence measurements in a ported engine with and without swirl, SAE Paper 830419.
• 32. Hamamoto, Y., Tomita, E., Tanaka, Y., and Katayama, T. (1985). The effect of swirl on spark ignition engine combustion, International Symposium on Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion in Reciprocating Engines, Tokyo, September.
• 33. Hall, M. J., and Bracco, F. V. (1987). A study of velocities and turbulence intensities measured in firing and motored engines, SAE Paper 870453.
• 34. Kang, K.Y., and Reitz, R.D. (1999). The effect of intake valve alignment on swirl generation in a di diesel engine, International Journal of Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 20: 94-103.
• 35. Yun J-E. (2002). New evaluation indices for bulk motion of in-cylinder flow through intake port system in cylinder head, Journal of Automobile Engineering, 216: 513–521.
• 36. Choi G. H., Kim S. H., Kwon T. Y., Yun J. H., Chung Y. J., Ha C. U. , Lee J. S., and Han S. B. (2006). A numerical study of the effects of swirl chamber passage hole geometry on the flow characteristics of a swirl chamber type diesel engine, Journal of Automobile Engineering, 220: 459-470.
• 37. Bottone F., Kronenburg A., Gosman D., and Marquis A. (2012). Large eddy simulation of diesel engine in-cylinder flow, Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 88: 233-253.
• 38. Achuth M., and Metha P.S. (2001). Predictions of tumble and turbulence in four-valve pentroof spark ignition engines, International Journal of Engine Research, 2: 209-227.
• 39. Kang, K-Y., and Baek, J-H. (1998). Turbulence characteristics of tumble flow in a four-valve engine, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 18: 231–243.
• 40. Jeng, Y.L., Chen, R.C., and Chang, C.H. (1999). Studies of tumbling motion generated during intake in a bowl-in-piston engine. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 7(1): 52-64.
• 41. Urushihara, T., Murayama, T., Takagi, Y., and Lee, K. H. (1995). Turbulence and cycle-by-cycle variation of mean velocity generated by swirl and tumble flow and their effects on combustion, SAE Paper 950813.
• 42. Lee, K.H., and Lee, C.S. (2003). Effects of tumble and swirl flows on turbulence scale near top dead centre in a four-valve spark ignition engine, Journal of Automobile Engineering, 217: 607-615.
• 43. Micklow, G.J., and Gong W.D. (2007). Intake and in cylinder flow field modeling of a four valve diesel engine, Journal of Automobile Engineering, 221:1425-1440.
• 44. Ramajo D., Zanotti A, and Nigro N. (2011). In-cylinder flow control in a four-valve spark ignition engine: numerical and experimental steady rig tests, Journal of Automobile Engineering, 225: 813-828.
• 45. Towers J. M., and Hoekstra R. L. (1998). Engine knock, a renewed concern in motorsports - a literature review, SAE Paper 983026.
• 46. Arcoumanis, C., and Whitelaw, J. H. (1987). Fluid mechanics of internal combustion engines - a review, Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs, 201: 57-74.
• 47. Rutland C.J., Ayoub N., Z., Han, Hampson G., Kong S.-C., Mather D., Montgomery D., Musculus M., Patterson M., Pierpont D., Ricart L., Stephenson P., and Reitz R.D. (1995). Diesel engine model development and experiments, SAE Paper 951200.
• 48. Zolver M., Griard C., and Henriot S. (1997). 3d modeling applied to the development of a DI diesel engine: effect of piston bowl shape, SAE Paper 971599.
• 49. Auriemma M., Corcione F. E. , Macchioni R., and Valentino G. (1998). Interpretation of air motion in reentrant bowl in-piston engine by estimating reynolds stresses, 980482 SAE Paper.
• 50. Huang R.F., Yang H.S., and Yeh C.-N. (2008). In-cylinder flows of a motored four-stroke engine with flat-crown and slightly concave-crown pistons, Exper. Therm. Fluid Sci., 32: 1156-1167.
• 51. He, Y. (2007). Effect of intake primary runner blockages on combustion characteristics and emissions in spark ignition engines, PhD Thesis, University of Ohio, USA.
• 52. Gulder, O. L. (1991). Turbulent premixed combustion modeling using fractal geometry, Proceedings of The Combustion Institute, 23: 835-842.
• 53. Mikulec, A., Kent, J. C., and Tabaczynski, R. J. (1988). The effect of swirl on combustion in a pancake chamber spark ignition engine: the case of constant kinetic energy, SAE Paper 880200.
• 54. Kyriakides, S. C., and Glover, A. R. (1989). A study of the correlation between in-cylinder air motion and combustion in gasoline engines, Journal of Automobile Engineering, 203: 185-292.
• 55. Porpatham E., Ramesh A., and Nagalingam B. (2013). Effect of swirl on the performance and combustion of a biogas fuelled spark ignition engine, Energy Conversion and Management, 76: 463-471.
• 56. Arcoumanis, C., Godwin, S.N., and Kim, J.W. (1998). Effect of tumble strength on exhaust emissions in a single cylinder 4-valve S.I engine, SAE Paper 981044.
• 57. Selamet, A., Rupai, S., and He, Y. (2004). An experimental study on the effect of intake primary runner blockages on combustion and emissions in SI engines under part-load conditions, SAE Paper 2004-01-2973.
• 58. Zhang Z., Zhang H., Wang T., and Jia M (2014). Effects of tumble combined with EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) on the combustion and emissions in a spark ignition engine at part loads, Energy, 65: 18:24
• 59. Stephenson, P. W., Claybaker, P. J., and Rutland, C. T. (1996). Modeling the effects of intake generated turbulence and resolved flow structures on combustion in DI diesel engines, SAE Paper 960634.
• 60. Rakopoulos C.D., Kosmadakis G.M., and Pariotis E.G. (2010). Investigation of piston bowl geometry and speed effects in a motored HSDI diesel engine using a CFD against a quasi-dimensional model, Energy Conversion and Management, 51: 470-484.
• 61. Jaichandar S, and Annamalai K. (2012). Effects of open combustion chamber geometries on the performance of pongamia biodiesel in a DI diesel engine, Fuel, 98: 272-279.
• 62. Wei S., Wang F., Leng X., Liu X., and Ji K. (2013). Numerical analysis on the effect of swirl ratios on swirl chamber combustion system of DI diesel engines, Energy Conversion and Management, 75:184–90.
• 63. Li J., Yang W.M., An H., Maghbouli A., and Chou S.K. (2014). Effects of piston bowl geometry on combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fueled diesel engines, Fuel, 120: 66-73.
• 64. Taghavifar H., Khalilarya S., and Jafarmadar S. (2014). Engine structure modifications effect on the flow behavior, combustion, and performance characteristics of DI diesel engine, Energy Conversion and Management, 85: 20-32.