Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 105 - 112, 08.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.730585

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Wang, M; Liu, J; Wang, J; Zhao, G, "Ecological footprint and major driving forces in West Jilin Province, Northeast China", Chinese Geographical Science, 20(5), 434-441, 2010.
  • Singh, N; Chakrapani, G.J, "ANN modelling of sediment concentration in the dynamic glacial environment of Gangotri in Himalaya", Environmental monitoring and assessment, 187(8), 494, 2015.
  • Marsiglio, S, "On the relationship between population change and sustainable development", Research in economics, 65(4), 353-364, 2011.
  • Bisson, M; Houeix, N; Gay, G; Jolibois, B; Lacroix, G; Lefèvre, J.P; magaud, H;Migne, V; Morin, A; Tissot, S, "Fiche de données toxicologiques et environnementales des substances chimiques-Cuivre et ses dérivés", INERIS, 2005b, 2005.
  • Pietikäinen, M; Väliheikki, A; Oravisjärvi, K; Kolli, T; Huuhtanen, M; Niemi, S; Virtanen, S; Karhu, T; Keiski, R.L, "Particle and NOx emissions of a non-road diesel engine with an SCR unit: The effect of fuel", Renewable energy, 77, 377-385, 2015.
  • Guo, J; Ge, Y; Hao, L; Tan, J; Li, J; Feng, X, "On-road measurement of regulated pollutants from diesel and CNG buses with urea selective catalytic reduction systems", Atmospheric environment, 99, 1-9, 2014.
  • Reşitoğlu, İ.A; Altinişik, K; Keskin, A, "The pollutant emissions from diesel-engine vehicles and exhaust aftertreatment systems" Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 17(1), 15-27, 2015.
  • Straf, K; Cohen, A; Sammet, J, "Air Pollution and Cancer, IARC Scientific Publication 161, International Agency for Reseach on Cancer", World Health Orgnanization, Lyo, FR. 2013,
  • Carslaw, D.C; Beevers, S.D; Tate, J.E; Westmoreland, E.J; Williams, M.L, "Recent evidence concerning higher NOx emissions from passenger cars and light duty vehicles", Atmospheric Environment, 45(39), 7053-7063, 2011.
  • Mazzarella, G; Ferraraccio, F; Prati, M.V; Annunziata, S; Bianco, A; Mezzogiorno, A; Liguori, G; Angelillo, I.F; Cazzola, M, "Effects of diesel exhaust particles on human lung epithelial cells: an in vitro study", Respiratory medicine, 101(6), 1155-1162, 2007.
  • Havenith, C; Verbeek, R.P, "Transient Performance of a Urea DeNOx Catalyst System for Low emissions heavy-duty diesel engines", SAE transactions, 278-289 1997.
  • Palash, S.M; Kalam, M.A; Masjuki, H.H; Masum, B.M; Fattah, I.R; Mofijur, M, "Impacts of biodiesel combustion on NOx emissions and their reduction approaches", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 23, 473-490, 2013.
  • Sharp, C.A; Howell, S.A; Jobe, J, "The effect of biodiesel fuels on transient emissions from modern diesel engines", part I regulated emissions and performance (No. 2000-01-1967). SAE Technical Paper, 2000.
  • Rahman, M, "Influences of biodiesel chemical compositions and physical properties on engine exhaust particle emissions" Doctoral dissertation, Queensland University of Technology, 2015.
  • Englert, N, "Fine particles and human health-a review of epidemiological studies", Toxicology letters, 149(1-3), 235-242, 2004.
  • Swapna, M.S; Arsha, R.C; Dileep, D; Joseph, R; Sankararaman, S, "Particulate Exhaust Analysis from Internal Combustion Engines", MOJ Sol. Photoenergy Syst., 1, 13, 2017.
  • Holgate, S.T; Samet, J.M; Koren, H.S; Maynard, R.L, "Air pollution and health", Elsevier, 1999.
  • Heinrich, J; Topp, R; Gehring, U; Thefeld, W, "Traffic at residential address, respiratory health, and atopy in adults: the National German Health Survey 1998", Environmental Research, 98(2), 240-249, 2005.
  • Mofijur, M; Rasul, M; Hassan, N.M.S; Uddin, M.N, "Investigation of exhaust emissions from a stationary diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel", Energy Procedia, 160, 791-797, 20199.
  • http://www.emro.who.int/media/news/9-out-of-10-people-worldwide-breathe-polluted-air.html, 01/05/2020.
  • Grobéty, B; Gieré, R; Dietze, V; Stille, P, "Airborne particles in the urban environment", Elements, 6(4), 229-234, 2010.
  • Anderson, J.O; Thundiyil, J.G; Stolbach, A, "Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human health", Journal of Medical Toxicology, 8(2), 166-175,2012.
  • Brunekreef, B; Holgate, S.T, "Air pollution and health", The lancet, 360(9341), 1233-1242, 2002.
  • https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/health-and-environmental-effects-particulate-matter-pm, 01/05/2020.
  • Carslaw, D; Rhys-Tyler, G, "Remote sensing of NO2 exhaust emissions from road vehicles", A report to the City of London Corporation and London Borough of Ealing, 2013.
  • Hawe, E; Dooly, G; Fitzpatrick, C; Chambers, P; Lewis, E; Zhao, W.Z; Sun, T; grattan K.T.V; Degner, M; Ewald, H; Lochmann, S; Bramman, G; Wei, C; Hitchen, D; Al-Shamma'a, A; Merlone-Borla, E; Faraldi, P; Pidria, M, "Measuring of exhaust gas emissions using absorption spectroscopy", International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, 3(1-2), 33-51, 2007.
  • Aydoğan, B; Calam, A, "Combustion, performance and emission caracteristics of a HCCI engine fuelled with n-butanol/n-heptane blends", International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 9(1), 1-10. 2020.
  • CİHAN, Ö; Temizer, İ, "Investigation of combustion and emission in a DI diesel engine fueled with hydrogen-biodiesel blends", International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 8(4), 150-164, 2019.
  • Uyumaz, A., Aksoy, F., Akay, F., Baydır, Ş. A., Solmaz, H., Yılmaz, E., aydoğan, B; Calam, A. "An Experimental Investigation on The Effects of Waste Olive Oil Biodiesel on Combustion, Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions", International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 8(3), 103-116, 2019.
  • Yılmaz, A.C, "Determination of effects of compression ratio variation on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with EDTA-doped sunflower biodiesel-petrodiesel", International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 8(3), 140-149, 2019.
  • Uyumaz, A; Aksoy, F; Mutlu, İ; Akbulut, F; Yılmaz, E, "The Pyrolytic Fuel Production From Nutshell-Rice Husk Blends and Determination of Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine", International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 7(4), 134-141, 2018.
  • Sezer, İ, "A Review Study on the Using of Diethyl Ether in Diesel Engines: Effects on NOx Emissions", International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 7 (4), 164-183, 2018.
  • Gürbüz, H; Akçay, İ H, "Buji Ateşlemeli Hidrojen Motorunda Ateşleme Avansı ve Sıkıştırma Oranının Performans ve NOx Emisyonuna Etkisi", Politeknik Dergisi, 16(1), 45-50, 2013.
  • Gurbuz, H, "The Effect Of H 2 Purıty On The Combustıon, Performance, Emıssıons, And Energy Costs In An Spark Ignıtıon Engıne", Thermal Science, 24, 2020.
  • de Oliveira, A; Bernardes, A; Ferreira, F, "Reduction of a diesel engine NO emissions using the exhaust gas recirculation technique (No. 2019-36-0067)", SAE Technical Paper, 2020.
  • Erfanian, E; Collins, A.R, " Air Quality and Asthma Hospitalization: Evidence of PM2.5 Concentrations in Pennsylvania Counties", Journal of Regional Analysis & Policy, 50(1), 1-15, 2019.
  • Güney, B; Küçüksarıyıldız, H, "Taşıt Emisyonlarının Mikroyapı Analizi", Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(3), 884-893, 2019.
  • Wu, Y; Hao, J; Fu, L; Hu, J; Wang, Z; Tang, U, "Chemical characteristics of airborne particulate matter near major roads and at background locations in Macao, China", Science of the Total Environment, 317(1-3), 159-172, 2003.
  • Hao, Y; Deng, S; Yang, Y; Song, W; Tong, H; Qiu, Z, "Chemical composition of particulate matter from traffic emissions in a road tunnel in Xi’an, China" Aerosol Air Qual. Res, 19, 234-246, 2019.
  • Song, S; Wu, Y; Zheng, X; Wang, Z; Yang, L; Li, J; Hao, J, "Chemical characterization of roadside PM2. 5 and black carbon in Macao during a summer campaign", Atmospheric Pollution Research, 5(3), 381-387, 2014.
  • Contour, J.P; Mouvier, G, "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of nitrogen oxides adsorbed on iron oxides", Journal of Catalysis, 40(3), 342-348, 1975.
  • Harper, J; Sailor, M.J, "Detection of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide with photoluminescent porous silicon", Analytical chemistry, 68(21), 3713-3717, 1996.
  • Navas, M.J; Jiménez, A.M; Galan, G, "Air analysis: determination of nitrogen compounds by chemiluminescence", Atmospheric Environment, 31(21), 3603-3608, 1997.
  • Andersson, J; Antonsson, M; Eurenius, ; Olsson, E; Skoglundh, M, "Deactivation of diesel oxidation catalysts: Vehicle-and synthetic aging correlations", Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 72(1-2), 71-81, 2007.
  • Tiwari, J; Tarale, P; Sivanesan, S; Bafana, A, "Environmental persistence, hazard, and mitigation challenges of nitroaromatic compounds", Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-18, 2019.
  • Xu, C; Huret, N; Garnung, M; Celestin, S, (2020). "A new detailed plasma‐chemistry model for the potential impact of blue jet streamers on atmospheric chemistry", Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125, 6, 2020.
  • Davies, N.J.H; Cashman, J.N, "Lee's synopsis of anaesthesia", Elsevier Health Sciences, 2005.

Microstructure and chemical analysis of NOx and particle emissions of diesel engines

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 105 - 112, 08.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.730585

Öz

This study was carried out to investigate the micro and chemical structure of particulate matter and nitrogen oxide from motor vehicle exhaust fumes. In this context, particulate matter microstructure was determined with the help of scanning electron microscope; elements such as C, O, N, F, Na, Mg, Br, Al, Si, Hg, S, Pb, Cl, Cd, K, Ca, Ba, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, V and Zn which constitute the source of pollution were determined by energy dispersive spectrometer; nitrogen oxide compounds were determined with X-ray diffraction spectrometer; and photonic properties were determined by means of photoluminescence spectrophotometer. The data obtained in this study provide important source information to understand the effects of exhaust fume on environmental pollution.

Kaynakça

  • Wang, M; Liu, J; Wang, J; Zhao, G, "Ecological footprint and major driving forces in West Jilin Province, Northeast China", Chinese Geographical Science, 20(5), 434-441, 2010.
  • Singh, N; Chakrapani, G.J, "ANN modelling of sediment concentration in the dynamic glacial environment of Gangotri in Himalaya", Environmental monitoring and assessment, 187(8), 494, 2015.
  • Marsiglio, S, "On the relationship between population change and sustainable development", Research in economics, 65(4), 353-364, 2011.
  • Bisson, M; Houeix, N; Gay, G; Jolibois, B; Lacroix, G; Lefèvre, J.P; magaud, H;Migne, V; Morin, A; Tissot, S, "Fiche de données toxicologiques et environnementales des substances chimiques-Cuivre et ses dérivés", INERIS, 2005b, 2005.
  • Pietikäinen, M; Väliheikki, A; Oravisjärvi, K; Kolli, T; Huuhtanen, M; Niemi, S; Virtanen, S; Karhu, T; Keiski, R.L, "Particle and NOx emissions of a non-road diesel engine with an SCR unit: The effect of fuel", Renewable energy, 77, 377-385, 2015.
  • Guo, J; Ge, Y; Hao, L; Tan, J; Li, J; Feng, X, "On-road measurement of regulated pollutants from diesel and CNG buses with urea selective catalytic reduction systems", Atmospheric environment, 99, 1-9, 2014.
  • Reşitoğlu, İ.A; Altinişik, K; Keskin, A, "The pollutant emissions from diesel-engine vehicles and exhaust aftertreatment systems" Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 17(1), 15-27, 2015.
  • Straf, K; Cohen, A; Sammet, J, "Air Pollution and Cancer, IARC Scientific Publication 161, International Agency for Reseach on Cancer", World Health Orgnanization, Lyo, FR. 2013,
  • Carslaw, D.C; Beevers, S.D; Tate, J.E; Westmoreland, E.J; Williams, M.L, "Recent evidence concerning higher NOx emissions from passenger cars and light duty vehicles", Atmospheric Environment, 45(39), 7053-7063, 2011.
  • Mazzarella, G; Ferraraccio, F; Prati, M.V; Annunziata, S; Bianco, A; Mezzogiorno, A; Liguori, G; Angelillo, I.F; Cazzola, M, "Effects of diesel exhaust particles on human lung epithelial cells: an in vitro study", Respiratory medicine, 101(6), 1155-1162, 2007.
  • Havenith, C; Verbeek, R.P, "Transient Performance of a Urea DeNOx Catalyst System for Low emissions heavy-duty diesel engines", SAE transactions, 278-289 1997.
  • Palash, S.M; Kalam, M.A; Masjuki, H.H; Masum, B.M; Fattah, I.R; Mofijur, M, "Impacts of biodiesel combustion on NOx emissions and their reduction approaches", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 23, 473-490, 2013.
  • Sharp, C.A; Howell, S.A; Jobe, J, "The effect of biodiesel fuels on transient emissions from modern diesel engines", part I regulated emissions and performance (No. 2000-01-1967). SAE Technical Paper, 2000.
  • Rahman, M, "Influences of biodiesel chemical compositions and physical properties on engine exhaust particle emissions" Doctoral dissertation, Queensland University of Technology, 2015.
  • Englert, N, "Fine particles and human health-a review of epidemiological studies", Toxicology letters, 149(1-3), 235-242, 2004.
  • Swapna, M.S; Arsha, R.C; Dileep, D; Joseph, R; Sankararaman, S, "Particulate Exhaust Analysis from Internal Combustion Engines", MOJ Sol. Photoenergy Syst., 1, 13, 2017.
  • Holgate, S.T; Samet, J.M; Koren, H.S; Maynard, R.L, "Air pollution and health", Elsevier, 1999.
  • Heinrich, J; Topp, R; Gehring, U; Thefeld, W, "Traffic at residential address, respiratory health, and atopy in adults: the National German Health Survey 1998", Environmental Research, 98(2), 240-249, 2005.
  • Mofijur, M; Rasul, M; Hassan, N.M.S; Uddin, M.N, "Investigation of exhaust emissions from a stationary diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel", Energy Procedia, 160, 791-797, 20199.
  • http://www.emro.who.int/media/news/9-out-of-10-people-worldwide-breathe-polluted-air.html, 01/05/2020.
  • Grobéty, B; Gieré, R; Dietze, V; Stille, P, "Airborne particles in the urban environment", Elements, 6(4), 229-234, 2010.
  • Anderson, J.O; Thundiyil, J.G; Stolbach, A, "Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human health", Journal of Medical Toxicology, 8(2), 166-175,2012.
  • Brunekreef, B; Holgate, S.T, "Air pollution and health", The lancet, 360(9341), 1233-1242, 2002.
  • https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/health-and-environmental-effects-particulate-matter-pm, 01/05/2020.
  • Carslaw, D; Rhys-Tyler, G, "Remote sensing of NO2 exhaust emissions from road vehicles", A report to the City of London Corporation and London Borough of Ealing, 2013.
  • Hawe, E; Dooly, G; Fitzpatrick, C; Chambers, P; Lewis, E; Zhao, W.Z; Sun, T; grattan K.T.V; Degner, M; Ewald, H; Lochmann, S; Bramman, G; Wei, C; Hitchen, D; Al-Shamma'a, A; Merlone-Borla, E; Faraldi, P; Pidria, M, "Measuring of exhaust gas emissions using absorption spectroscopy", International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, 3(1-2), 33-51, 2007.
  • Aydoğan, B; Calam, A, "Combustion, performance and emission caracteristics of a HCCI engine fuelled with n-butanol/n-heptane blends", International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 9(1), 1-10. 2020.
  • CİHAN, Ö; Temizer, İ, "Investigation of combustion and emission in a DI diesel engine fueled with hydrogen-biodiesel blends", International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 8(4), 150-164, 2019.
  • Uyumaz, A., Aksoy, F., Akay, F., Baydır, Ş. A., Solmaz, H., Yılmaz, E., aydoğan, B; Calam, A. "An Experimental Investigation on The Effects of Waste Olive Oil Biodiesel on Combustion, Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions", International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 8(3), 103-116, 2019.
  • Yılmaz, A.C, "Determination of effects of compression ratio variation on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with EDTA-doped sunflower biodiesel-petrodiesel", International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 8(3), 140-149, 2019.
  • Uyumaz, A; Aksoy, F; Mutlu, İ; Akbulut, F; Yılmaz, E, "The Pyrolytic Fuel Production From Nutshell-Rice Husk Blends and Determination of Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine", International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 7(4), 134-141, 2018.
  • Sezer, İ, "A Review Study on the Using of Diethyl Ether in Diesel Engines: Effects on NOx Emissions", International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 7 (4), 164-183, 2018.
  • Gürbüz, H; Akçay, İ H, "Buji Ateşlemeli Hidrojen Motorunda Ateşleme Avansı ve Sıkıştırma Oranının Performans ve NOx Emisyonuna Etkisi", Politeknik Dergisi, 16(1), 45-50, 2013.
  • Gurbuz, H, "The Effect Of H 2 Purıty On The Combustıon, Performance, Emıssıons, And Energy Costs In An Spark Ignıtıon Engıne", Thermal Science, 24, 2020.
  • de Oliveira, A; Bernardes, A; Ferreira, F, "Reduction of a diesel engine NO emissions using the exhaust gas recirculation technique (No. 2019-36-0067)", SAE Technical Paper, 2020.
  • Erfanian, E; Collins, A.R, " Air Quality and Asthma Hospitalization: Evidence of PM2.5 Concentrations in Pennsylvania Counties", Journal of Regional Analysis & Policy, 50(1), 1-15, 2019.
  • Güney, B; Küçüksarıyıldız, H, "Taşıt Emisyonlarının Mikroyapı Analizi", Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(3), 884-893, 2019.
  • Wu, Y; Hao, J; Fu, L; Hu, J; Wang, Z; Tang, U, "Chemical characteristics of airborne particulate matter near major roads and at background locations in Macao, China", Science of the Total Environment, 317(1-3), 159-172, 2003.
  • Hao, Y; Deng, S; Yang, Y; Song, W; Tong, H; Qiu, Z, "Chemical composition of particulate matter from traffic emissions in a road tunnel in Xi’an, China" Aerosol Air Qual. Res, 19, 234-246, 2019.
  • Song, S; Wu, Y; Zheng, X; Wang, Z; Yang, L; Li, J; Hao, J, "Chemical characterization of roadside PM2. 5 and black carbon in Macao during a summer campaign", Atmospheric Pollution Research, 5(3), 381-387, 2014.
  • Contour, J.P; Mouvier, G, "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of nitrogen oxides adsorbed on iron oxides", Journal of Catalysis, 40(3), 342-348, 1975.
  • Harper, J; Sailor, M.J, "Detection of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide with photoluminescent porous silicon", Analytical chemistry, 68(21), 3713-3717, 1996.
  • Navas, M.J; Jiménez, A.M; Galan, G, "Air analysis: determination of nitrogen compounds by chemiluminescence", Atmospheric Environment, 31(21), 3603-3608, 1997.
  • Andersson, J; Antonsson, M; Eurenius, ; Olsson, E; Skoglundh, M, "Deactivation of diesel oxidation catalysts: Vehicle-and synthetic aging correlations", Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 72(1-2), 71-81, 2007.
  • Tiwari, J; Tarale, P; Sivanesan, S; Bafana, A, "Environmental persistence, hazard, and mitigation challenges of nitroaromatic compounds", Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-18, 2019.
  • Xu, C; Huret, N; Garnung, M; Celestin, S, (2020). "A new detailed plasma‐chemistry model for the potential impact of blue jet streamers on atmospheric chemistry", Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125, 6, 2020.
  • Davies, N.J.H; Cashman, J.N, "Lee's synopsis of anaesthesia", Elsevier Health Sciences, 2005.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Malzeme Üretim Teknolojileri
Bölüm Article
Yazarlar

Bekir Güney 0000-0001-9764-9313

Ali Öz 0000-0002-0814-4020

Yayımlanma Tarihi 8 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Güney, B., & Öz, A. (2020). Microstructure and chemical analysis of NOx and particle emissions of diesel engines. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 9(2), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.730585
AMA Güney B, Öz A. Microstructure and chemical analysis of NOx and particle emissions of diesel engines. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. Haziran 2020;9(2):105-112. doi:10.18245/ijaet.730585
Chicago Güney, Bekir, ve Ali Öz. “Microstructure and Chemical Analysis of NOx and Particle Emissions of Diesel Engines”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 9, sy. 2 (Haziran 2020): 105-12. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.730585.
EndNote Güney B, Öz A (01 Haziran 2020) Microstructure and chemical analysis of NOx and particle emissions of diesel engines. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 9 2 105–112.
IEEE B. Güney ve A. Öz, “Microstructure and chemical analysis of NOx and particle emissions of diesel engines”, International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 105–112, 2020, doi: 10.18245/ijaet.730585.
ISNAD Güney, Bekir - Öz, Ali. “Microstructure and Chemical Analysis of NOx and Particle Emissions of Diesel Engines”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 9/2 (Haziran 2020), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.730585.
JAMA Güney B, Öz A. Microstructure and chemical analysis of NOx and particle emissions of diesel engines. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. 2020;9:105–112.
MLA Güney, Bekir ve Ali Öz. “Microstructure and Chemical Analysis of NOx and Particle Emissions of Diesel Engines”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, c. 9, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 105-12, doi:10.18245/ijaet.730585.
Vancouver Güney B, Öz A. Microstructure and chemical analysis of NOx and particle emissions of diesel engines. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. 2020;9(2):105-12.